National Affairs - January 2025 | General Test Preparation for CUET UG - CUET Commerce PDF Download

National Affairs

Cabinet Approvals on January 1, 2025

• The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved various schemes and projects on January 1, 2025.
• The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and the Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) have been approved for continuation until 2025-26, with a total outlay of Rs. 69,515.71 Crore from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
• The Cabinet also approved the creation of the Fund for Innovation and Technology (FIAT), with an outlay of Rs. 824.77 crore, to integrate advanced technologies into insurance schemes.
• Additionally, the One-time Special Package on Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) was extended to provide DAP to farmers at affordable prices, with a subsidy of Rs. 3,500 per metric ton.

 The Union Cabinet also approved the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Ministry of Cooperation, Government of India, and the Ministry of Trade, Indonesia, to trade one million metric tons of Non-Basmati White Rice annually based on production and international prices. 

Cabinet Approvals on January 16, 2025

On January 16, 2025, the Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved several significant proposals. Here are the key decisions made by the Cabinet:

• Construction of a Third Launch Pad: The Cabinet approved the construction of a Third Launch Pad (TLP) for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The project is estimated to cost Rs. 3,984.86 crore and is expected to be completed within four years.

• Formation of the 8th Pay Commission: The Cabinet approved the formation of the 8th Pay Commission to revise the salary and pension of over 1.2 crore central government employees and pensioners. The 7th Pay Commission is set to conclude on December 31, 2025, after which the 8th Pay Commission will take effect.
• Refarming of Spectrum for 5G and 6G Services: The Cabinet approved the refarming of 687 megahertz (MHz) of spectrum from government ministries and ISRO to support 5G and future 6G services. This spectrum, valued at Rs. 2 lakh crore, will be auctioned to telecom operators. Of the 687 MHz, 328 MHz will be released immediately, with the remaining portion becoming available in phases by 2030.
• Revival Plan for Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL): The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved a revival plan for the Visakhapatnam-based Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) with a total investment of Rs. 11,440 crores.

Cabinet Approvals on January 22, 2025

On January 22, 2025, the Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved several important proposals.

1. National Health Mission (NHM) Continuation

• The Cabinet was informed about the achievements under the NHM from 2021-22 to 2023-24.
• There has been a notable decrease in the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR), and Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
• The continuation of the NHM for an additional 5 years was approved.

2. Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Raw Jute

• The MSP for raw jute (TD-3 grade) for the 2025-26 marketing season was set at Rs 5,650 per quintal.
• This represents an increase of nearly 6% (Rs 315 per quintal) compared to the 2024-25 marketing season.
• Since 2014-15, the MSP for raw jute has increased by 2.35 times, from Rs 2,400 per quintal to Rs 5,650 per quintal in 2024-25.

Cabinet Approvals on January 29, 2025

On January 29, 2025, the Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved several important proposals:

1. Launch of the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)

• The NCMM aims to establish a resilient value chain for critical mineral resources necessary for green technologies.
• This initiative comes with a total cost of Rs. 34,300 crore over a span of 7 years.
• The mission seeks to attract an investment of Rs. 18,000 crore (approximately USD 2.08 billion) from Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and other entities.

2. Revised Mechanism for Ethanol Procurement

• The Cabinet approved a revised mechanism for the procurement of ethanol by Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) under the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) Programme.
• This revision pertains to the Ethanol Supply Year (ESY) 2024-25 and sets the administered ex-mill price of ethanol from C Heavy Molasses (CHM) at Rs. 57.97 per litre, an increase from the previous price of Rs. 56.58 per litre.
  

State-wise National News

Delhi

New Chief Justices Appointed for Delhi and Bombay High Courts

On January 21, 2025, Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya was officially appointed as the 33rd Chief Justice of the Delhi High Court, located in New Delhi, Delhi. He takes over from Justice Vibhu Bakhru, who served as the Acting Chief Justice before him.

In a related appointment, Justice Alok Aradhe was sworn in as the 48th Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Justice Aradhe succeeds Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya in this role.

Gujarat

Launch of 'SWAR' Platform in Gujarat to Bridge Language Gaps
On December 25, 2024, which marks Good Governance Day, Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel introduced the "SWAR (Speech and Written Analysis Resource)" platform in Gujarat. This initiative aims to bridge language gaps and improve communication between citizens and the government.

The SWAR platform is powered by Bhashini, an indigenous Artificial Intelligence system. Bhashini was developed under the National Language Translation Mission (NLTM) by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MoE&IT).

Gujarat Unveils 'Atlas to Safeguard Indian Wolf Habitats'
In December 2024, Gujarat introduced the "Atlas of Indian Wolf Habitats" aimed at protecting biodiversity and conserving the Indian Wolf. This initiative, spearheaded by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, focuses on identifying suitable habitats for wolves across 13 districts in Gujarat.

The atlas was a collaborative effort between the Forest Department of Gujarat and the Gujarat Ecological Education and Research Foundation (GEER Foundation). According to the 2023 Wolf Census data, a total of 222 wolves were recorded in an area spanning 2,217 square kilometers.

Creation of New Vav-Tharad District in Gujarat
On January 1, 2025, the Gujarat cabinet, under the leadership of Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel, approved the formation of a new district called Vav-Tharad by splitting the existing Banaskantha district. This decision will increase the total number of districts in Gujarat to 34.

The headquarters of the new Vav-Tharad district will be situated in Tharad town, while Palanpur will remain the headquarters of the Banaskantha district.

Gujarat Chief Minister Inaugurates GIFT IFI and Innovation Hub in Gandhinagar
In January 2025, Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel of Gujarat officially opened the GIFT International Fintech Institute (GIFT IFI) and the GIFT International Fintech Innovation Hub (GIFT IFIH) in Gandhinagar at the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City).

These institutions, backed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), aim to foster the growth of the fintech sector.

Kerela

Kerala Launches India's First Fully Integrated Disaster Risk Warning System

On January 21, 2025, Kerala's Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan launched the 'Kerala Warnings, Crisis and Hazard Management (KaWaCHaM) System' in Thiruvananthapuram. This system is India's first fully integrated disaster warning system, developed by the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) with support from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the World Bank (WB) as part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project (NCRMP).

Odisha

Odisha CM Inaugurates Adivasi Mela 2025; Launches Shahid Madho Singh Scheme

On January 5, 2025, Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi of Odisha inaugurated the Adivasi Mela 2025 at the Exhibition Grounds in Bhubaneswar. This event took place before the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) program.

During the event, CM Majhi also launched the Shahid Madho Singh Haath Kharcha Scheme with a budget of Rs 156 crore. This scheme aims to support tribal students. Additionally, nine tribal individuals were honored for their exceptional contributions, along with ten tribal farmers.

A special edition of the journal ‘Banja-2025’, published by the Tribal Language and Culture Academy of Odisha, was also released during the event.

Telangana

Telangana Declares January 3rd as "Women Teacher's Day" to Honor Savitribai Phule
The government of Telangana has announced that it will officially celebrate the birth anniversary of Savitribai Phule as "Women Teacher's Day" every year on January 3rd. This decision is part of a state function to honor Savitribai Phule's significant contributions to women's education.

Savitribai Phule was a prominent social worker, poet, and teacher who dedicated her life to improving the status of women in Indian society. She made history by opening India's first school for girls in 1848 in Pune, becoming the first woman teacher in India and the country's first female headmistress. Her efforts played a crucial role in advancing women's education and empowerment.

Tripura

Tripura Unveils New State Emblem with MHA Approval

In January 2025, Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha announced the approval of a new state emblem by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The emblem will prominently feature the state's rich history and culture.

The proposal for the state emblem was examined under the State Emblem of India (Regulation of Use) Rules and found to be in order.

Launches  & Inaugration

Transforming Digital Commerce: The ONDC Initiative by DPIIT, MoC&I

The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is an initiative aimed at transforming digital commerce in India. Launched by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), Government of India, ONDC seeks to revolutionize the way digital commerce operates in the country.

Pilot Launch

• ONDC was initially launched as a pilot project in April 2022.
• The pilot was conducted in five Indian cities: New Delhi, Bengaluru, Coimbatore, Bhopal, and Shillong.

Incorporation and Structure

• ONDC was incorporated as a non-profit, Section-8 company on December 31, 2021.
• The initiative was given an authorized capital of Rs. 500 crore and was incubated at the Quality Council of India (QCI).
• QCI is an independent organization that works with DPIIT to promote quality standards in various sectors.

MSME Trade Enablement and Marketing Initiative

• In June 2024, the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) launched the MSME Trade Enablement and Marketing Initiative (MSME-TEAM initiative).
• This initiative is part of the central sector scheme “Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance” and has a total budget outlay of Rs. 277.35 crore for a period of three years, ending in March 2027.

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Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh Launches Indian Genomic Data Set and IBDC Portals

On January 9, 2025, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Dr. Jitendra Singh,

• Dr. Jitendra Singh, the Union Minister of State for Science and Technology, introduced the Indian Genomic Data Set at the Genome India Data Conclave held in New Delhi.
• The Indian Genomic Data Set aims to provide researchers with access to a vast collection of genomic data, including 10,000 whole genome samples.
• During the event, Dr. Singh also launched the Framework for Exchange of Data (FeED) Protocols and the Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC) Portals.
• These initiatives are designed to facilitate data sharing and collaboration among researchers in India and around the world.

Launch of Toolkit for the 9th Edition of Swachh Survekshan by Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar

In January 2025, Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar from the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) introduced the toolkit for the 9th edition of Swachh Survekshan (SS), which is the world's largest urban cleanliness survey. The new version of the toolkit is designed to be simpler, sharper, systematic, and all-inclusive.

Cities Included in the Swachh Survekshan

• Very Small Cities: Panchgani (Maharashtra), Patan (Gujarat), Vita (Maharashtra), Saswad (Maharashtra)
• Medium Cities: Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh), Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), New Delhi Municipal Council (Delhi)
• Big Cities: Noida (Uttar Pradesh), Chandigarh (Punjab)
• Million Plus Cities: Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra), Indore (Madhya Pradesh), Surat (Gujarat)

AICTE Introduces NEAT 4.0 for Online Learning

In January 2025, the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) launched Phase 4 of the National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT 4.0) at its headquarters in Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. This initiative aims to connect students with essential industry skills, focusing on accessibility and inclusivity for learners across the country.

NIFT Hyderabad Introduces ‘VisionNxt’, a Fashion Forecasting Platform

In January 2025, the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) in Hyderabad, Telangana, launched ‘VisionNxt’, India’s first fashion forecasting platform that integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI). This platform was unveiled during NIFT’s 40th Foundation Day celebrations and is developed under the Ministry of Textiles (MoT). VisionNxt aims to provide trend insights tailored for India’s fashion and retail industry.

Union Minister Piyush Goyal launches National Turmeric Board with Palle Ganga Reddy as chairman

In January 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal, from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), inaugurated the National Turmeric Board (NTB) in New Delhi. The board aims to enhance the turmeric industry, known as the "Golden Spice," in India.

Palle Ganga Reddy has been appointed as the first Chairperson of the NTB, which will be headquartered in Nizamabad, Telangana.

Union Minister Piyush Goyal launches Bharat Cleantech Manufacturing Platform in New Delhi

On January 10, 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) introduced the 'Bharat Cleantech Manufacturing Platform' during the inaugural Bharat Climate Forum 2025 in New Delhi.

The forum was organized by the Centre for Indigenous Economic Understanding (CIEU) and Dalberg Advisors, with support from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), NITI Aayog, and the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

Rubber Board Introduces 'iSNR' and 'INR Konnect' to Enhance Rubber Production

In January 2025, the Rubber Board (RB) based in Kottayam, Kerala, and operating under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), launched two new initiatives: 'iSNR' (Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber) and the 'INR Konnect' platform.

These initiatives were unveiled during the platinum jubilee celebrations of the Rubber Act, 1947, and the Rubber Growers' Conference held in Kottayam.

iSNR (Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber)

• iSNR aims to promote sustainable practices in natural rubber production.
• The initiative focuses on enhancing the quality and sustainability of natural rubber sourced from India.
• By adopting iSNR standards, rubber producers can contribute to environmentally friendly and socially responsible rubber production.

INR Konnect Platform

• The INR Konnect platform is designed to facilitate better connectivity and collaboration within the rubber industry.
• It aims to connect various stakeholders in the rubber supply chain, including producers, processors, and buyers.
• The platform is expected to streamline communication and promote transparency in rubber transactions.

mRube Awards

• During the event, awards were also given to top performers of 'mRube,' a digital marketing platform for natural rubber.
• mRube helps in promoting and marketing natural rubber products through digital channels.

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Unveils One VEGA-based SoC & Two DIR V VEGA Processor Based Development Boards in Maharashtra

In January 2025, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw from the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched a VEGA-based System on Chip (SoC) called THEJAS64, along with two development boards powered by DIR V VEGA processors. The event took place at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) campus in Pune, Maharashtra.

• THEJAS64 SoC ASIC: This 64-bit single-core chip is fabricated at the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL) in Chandigarh, Punjab.
• ARIES NOVA Development Board: This development board is designed for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable devices, and robotics. It is powered by the VEGA ET1031 microprocessor and is known for its compact, breadboard-friendly design. The ARIES NOVA board offers an affordable and versatile hardware platform for developers and innovators.

DARPG Initiates Scheme and Portal for PM's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration 2024

Launch of Scheme and Portal: On January 20, 2025, the Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG), part of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances, and Pensions (MoPP&P), officially launched the scheme and web portal for the Prime Minister's (PM) Awards for Excellence in Public Administration for the year 2024.

Purpose of the Awards: The PM's Awards for Excellence in Public Administration aim to recognize and honor the contributions of civil servants in various areas of public administration.

Categories and Awards: The scheme for 2024 includes three categories under which civil servants will be recognized, with a total of 16 awards distributed among these categories.

Category 1: Holistic Development of Districts

• Focus: Recognition of efforts in the holistic development of districts.
• Number of Awards: 05 Awards
• Priority Sector Programmes: Districts will be evaluated based on their performance in 11 priority sector programmes.

Category 2: Aspirational Blocks Programme

• Focus: Recognition of initiatives and achievements under the Aspirational Blocks Programme.
• Number of Awards: 05 Awards

Category 3: Innovations for Central Ministries/Departments, States, and Districts

• Focus: Recognition of innovative practices and solutions implemented by Central Ministries, Departments, States, and Districts.
• Number of Awards: 06 Awards

Union Ministers Ashwini Vaishnaw and Gajendra Singh Shekhawat Launch Various Initiatives Ahead of 1st WAVES in Delhi

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw from the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) and Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat from the Ministry of Tourism (MoT) and Ministry of Culture (MoC) jointly launched several initiatives at the National Media Centre in New Delhi.

Initiatives Launched

• WAVES Bazaar
• 3 Create in India Challenges
• WAVES Awards

Highlight of the Event

The event's main highlight was the introduction of three new challenges under the Create in India Campaign:

• Wah Ustad
• Make The World Wear Khadi
• Resonate: The EDM Challenge

DGFT Introduces Upgraded ‘eCoO 2.0 System’ to Enhance Trade Efficiency

In January 2025, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), part of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), launched the improved Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System. This initiative aims to streamline the certification process for exporters and boost trade efficiency.

• The new system features multi-user access under a single Importer Exporter Code (IEC), making it easier for exporters to manage their certifications.
• Starting from January 1, 2025, electronic filing of Non-Preferential Certificates of Origin (CoO) will be mandatory through the eCoO 2.0 platform.
• Exporters can access this platform via the DGFT website.

NeGD Introduces 'Entity Locker' for Streamlined Business Document Management

In January 2025, the National eGovernance Division (NeGD), part of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), launched 'Entity Locker,' a cutting-edge digital platform aimed at simplifying the management and verification of documents for organizations.

This initiative is in line with India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and the objectives outlined in the Union Budget 2024-25, which focus on enhancing digital governance and streamlining business processes.

'Entity Locker' offers seamless integration with essential systems such as the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN), and Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT). This integration helps to minimize delays and operational challenges associated with document handling, making the process more efficient for businesses.

Union Minister Rajnath Singh Flags Off 'SANJAY – The Battlefield Surveillance System'

On January 24, 2025, Union Minister Rajnath Singh from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) officially flagged off 'SANJAY,' the Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS), from South Block in New Delhi.

'SANJAY' has been developed indigenously through a collaboration between the Indian Army (IA) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), a company based in Bengaluru, Karnataka. This development supports the goal of "Aatmanirbharta" (self-reliance) and follows the Indian Army's focus on technology absorption.

Introduction of ‘e-student visa’ & ‘e-student-x visa’ by MHA for Foreign Students

On January 5, 2025, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in India launched two new visa categories aimed at facilitating foreign students who wish to pursue higher education in Indian academic institutions. These visas are the ‘e-student visa’ and the ‘e-student-x visa’.

• e-student visa: This visa is available to eligible foreign students who are registered on the Study in India (SII) portal.
• e-student-x visa: This visa is specifically for the dependents of e-student visa holders.

Launch of the 8th Edition of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) by Union Minister Piyush Goyal

On January 9, 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal from the Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I) launched the 8th edition of the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The event took place at the Bharat Ratna C. Subramaniam Auditorium, National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), Pusa, New Delhi.

The event was organized by the Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) in collaboration with the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).

During the launch, several important portals were unveiled, including:

• NPOP portal
• TraceNet 2.0
• Organic Promotion Portal
• APEDA portal
• AgriXchange portal

PM Narendra Modi Launches Various Development Projects in New Delhi

On January 3, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation for several development projects in New Delhi, including 1,675 flats for residents of Jhuggi Jhopri (JJ) clusters and the World Trade Centre (WTC).

Flats for Economically Weaker Sections

• PM Modi inaugurated 1,675 newly constructed flats for Economically Weaker Section (EWS) residents of JJ clusters at Swabhiman Apartments in Ashok Vihar, Delhi.

Urban Redevelopment Projects

• The Prime Minister inaugurated two urban redevelopment projects: the World Trade Centre (WTC) at Nauroji Nagar and the General Pool Residential Accommodation (GPRA) Type-II Quarters at Sarojini Nagar.

Development Projects in Delhi University

• PM Modi also initiated the development of three new projects in Delhi University (DU), New Delhi, with a budget of over Rs 600 crore.

PM Modi Launches Over Rs 12,200 Crore Worth of Infrastructure and Metro Projects in Delhi

On January 5, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stone for various development projects exceeding Rs 12,200 crore in Delhi. These projects encompass metro expansions and significant infrastructure upgrades.

Namo Bharat Corridor

• PM Modi inaugurated a 13-kilometer stretch of the Namo Bharat corridor connecting Sahibabad in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, to New Ashok Nagar in Delhi. This project cost approximately Rs 4,600 crore.
  

Delhi Metro Phase-IV

• The PM inaugurated the 2.8-kilometer Janakpuri-Krishna Park stretch of Delhi Metro Phase-IV, a project valued at Rs 1,200 crore.
• He also laid the foundation stone for the 26.5-kilometer Rithala-Kundli section of Delhi Metro Phase-IV, estimated to cost Rs 6,230 crore.

Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI)

• PM Modi laid the foundation stone for a modern campus of the Central Ayurveda Research Institute (CARI) in Rohini, New Delhi. This facility is set to be constructed at a cost of Rs 185 crore.

Inauguration of Railway Projects by PM Modi

On January 6, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for several railway projects across Jammu & Kashmir, Telangana, and Odisha through video conferencing from New Delhi.

• Jammu Railway Division: PM Modi inaugurated the new Jammu Railway Division, which covers a total length of 742.1 kilometers.
• Charlapalli New Terminal Station: In Telangana, the Prime Minister inaugurated the Charlapalli New Terminal Station in the Medchal-Malkajgiri District. This new coaching terminal, costing around Rs 413 crore, includes a second entry point.
• Rayagada Railway Division Building: PM Modi laid the foundation stone for the Rayagada Railway Division Building under the East Coast Railway in Odisha, which is valued at Rs 107 crore.

Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy Launches “5G Use Case Test Lab” at CMPDI in Jharkhand

On January 9, 2025, Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy, overseeing the Ministry of Coal (MoC) and the Ministry of Mines (MoM), inaugurated the “5G Use Case Test Lab” in Ranchi, Jharkhand. During the event, he also unveiled a new corporate logo for the Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Limited (CMPDI), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL).

The initiative aims to foster digital transformation in India’s coal sector using 5G technology, addressing the industry’s evolving challenges.

Inauguration of India's 6th Astronomical Observatory in West Bengal

In January 2025, the Satyendra Nath Bose Centre for Basic Sciences (SNBCBS), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST) within the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T), inaugurated India’s sixth and Eastern India’s first astronomical observatory.

Located in the Garpanchkot Hills of Purulia district, West Bengal, the observatory aims to support scientific observations, student training, and global research collaboration.

The observatory has been named in honor of the esteemed scientist Satyendra Nath Bose.

Overview of Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam's Visit to India (January 14-18, 2025)

President Tharman Shanmugaratnam of Singapore made his first bilateral state visit to India from January 14 to 18, 2025. He was accompanied by Singaporean ministers Chee Hong Tat and Sim Ann.

• During the visit, President Shanmugaratnam and Indian President Droupadi Murmu unveiled a commemorative logo at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, marking the 60th anniversary of strong ties between India and Singapore.
• Several Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed between the Odisha government and Singaporean organizations during this visit, further strengthening bilateral relations.

Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Inaugurates NIELIT Deemed to be University in Assam

In January 2025, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, responsible for the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, and Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, along with Governor Lakshman Prasad Acharya and Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma of Assam, jointly inaugurated the 'National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT) Deemed to be University' at 12 locations across India, including five in the North Eastern States. The event took place in Guwahati, Assam.

During the inauguration, NIELIT and Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL) based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen the semiconductor skill development ecosystem in India.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi Inaugurates Z-Morh Tunnel in Jammu and Kashmir

On January 13, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi officially opened the Z-Morh Tunnel in Sonamarg, situated in the Ganderbal district of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). This tunnel, also referred to as the Sonamarg Tunnel, significantly improves connectivity to the Ladakh region, which is important for both defense and tourism.

The Z-Morh Tunnel is a two-lane, bi-directional tunnel that spans 6.5 kilometers in length and 10 meters in width. It was constructed between Gagangir and Sonamarg along the Srinagar-Leh National Highway (NH). The project was completed at a cost of Rs. 2,700 crore using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), a technique chosen due to the delicate Himalayan geology.

Union Minister Giriraj Singh Launches 'Handloom Conclave - Manthan' and e-Pehchaan Portal in New Delhi

On January 29, 2025, Union Minister Giriraj Singh from the Ministry of Textiles (MoT) inaugurated the 'Handloom Conclave - Manthan' at the Dr. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi.

The conclave was in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 5F vision: "Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign," highlighting a comprehensive approach to enhancing the handloom industry.

The event also aimed to explore ways to make the handloom sector a key contributor to the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.

Sikkim Celebrates Annual Kagyad Dance Festival at Gangtok

The Kagyad Dance festival was celebrated with great traditional enthusiasm at Tsuklakhang Palace in Gangtok, Sikkim. This festival, observed on the 28th and 29th days of the 10th month in the Tibetan calendar (around December), honors the eight Tantrik deities known as Kagyad. The Kagyad Dance, also called Chaam, is a unique Buddhist festival in Sikkim, celebrated by Buddhists in various monasteries, particularly at the Old Rumtek Monastery, Phodong Monastery, and Tshuklakhang Palace.

76th Republic Day of India - 26 January 2025

India marked its 76th Republic Day on 26 January 2025 with immense patriotism. The Republic Day parades and events were held at Kartavya Path (formerly known as Rajpath) in New Delhi, Delhi. Republic Day honors the adoption of the Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, establishing India as a sovereign, democratic republic.

The celebrations for the 76th Republic Day, themed 'Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas' (Golden India: Heritage and Development), showcased India's military strength, cultural heritage, and developmental progress.

During the 2025 Republic Day event, a total of 942 personnel from the Police, Fire, Home Guard & Civil Defence (HG&CD), and Correctional Services were honored with Gallantry and Service Medals.

Of the 95 Gallantry Medals awarded, 28 were given to personnel from Left Wing Extremism-affected areas, 28 from Jammu & Kashmir (J&K), 3 from the North-East, and 36 from other regions for their acts of bravery.

The President of India also approved the Jeevan Raksha Padak Series of Awards – 2024 for 49 individuals, including 17 recipients of the Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak, 9 of the Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak, and 23 of the Jeevan Raksha Padak, with six awards granted posthumously.

India's Coffee Production and Exports Surge

India Rises in Global Coffee Production

• India has climbed to become the 7th largest coffee producing country in the world, according to the Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I).
• Coffee exports from India have seen a significant increase, reaching USD 1.29 billion in FY 2023-24, up from USD 719.42 million in FY 2020-21.

Coffee Exports on the Rise

• In the first half of January 2025 alone, India exported over 9,300 tonnes of coffee, with major importers including Italy, Belgium, and Russia.

Coffee Growing Regions in India

• India’s coffee is mainly produced in the ecologically rich Western and Eastern Ghats.
• Karnataka is the leading state in coffee production, contributing 2,48,020 Metric Tonnes (MT) in 2022-23.
• Kerala and Tamil Nadu also contribute significantly to coffee production.

GI Tags Granted to Seven Products from Andaman and Nicobar Islands

In December 2024, the Geographical Indications (GI) Registry in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, granted GI tags to seven indigenous products from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These products were recognized for their cultural and traditional significance.

New GI Products:

• Nicobari Mat (Chatrai-hileuoi). Handcrafts
• Nicobari Hut (To Chanvi Pati-Nyi hupul). Handcrafts
• Nicobari Hodi. Handcrafts
• Padauk Wood Craft. Furniture
• Nicobari Tavi-i-Ngaich. Virgin Coconut Oil
• Andaman Karen Musley Rice. Agricultural Produce
• Andaman & Nicobar Coconut. Agricultural Produce

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Kaamya Karthikeyan: Youngest Girl to Climb the Highest Peaks on All 7 Continents

Kaamya Karthikeyan, a 17-year-old student from Navy Children School in Mumbai, India, has made history by becoming the youngest girl in the world to climb the highest peaks on all seven continents.

Her incredible journey reached a significant milestone when she successfully scaled Mount Vinson Massif in Antarctica, standing at 4,892 meters (16,050 feet), on December 24, 2024. She undertook this challenging expedition with her father, Commander S. Karthikeyan, marking a remarkable achievement in her quest to conquer the highest points on each continent.

Mission MAUSAM: Strengthening India’s Weather and Climate Resilience

Mission MAUSAM is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) in India, aimed at establishing the country as a leader in weather and climate sciences. The mission's goal is to make India "Weather Ready" and "Climate Smart," meeting international standards by 2026.

The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved Mission MAUSAM in September 2024, with a budget of Rs 2,000 crore for a two-year period.

The implementation of the mission is overseen by MoES through its three premier institutions:

• India Meteorological Department (IMD) based in New Delhi
• National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh
• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) situated in Pune, Maharashtra

Chhattisgarh: Pioneering the Integration of Forest Ecosystems into Green GDP

In January 2024, Chhattisgarh made history by becoming the first state in India to implement a groundbreaking plan that integrates the ecosystem services provided by its forests into the Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP). This innovative initiative aims to establish a direct link between the environmental contributions of forests—such as clean air, water conservation, biodiversity—and the state’s economic progress.

The initiative aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of a 'Developed India 2047.' Chhattisgarh, with forests covering 44% of its land, depends on its rich natural resources to sustain the livelihoods of millions of people.

SAIL Recognized as a ‘Great Place to Work’ for 2025-2026

The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), headquartered in New Delhi, has been awarded the ‘Great Place to Work’ certification for the period from January 2025 to January 2026. This recognition is granted by the Great Place to Work Institute, India, and reflects SAIL's commitment to maintaining a positive workplace culture.

This is the second consecutive year that SAIL has received this prestigious certification, having been recognized for the previous period from December 2023 to December 2024. The certification process involves a comprehensive evaluation of an organization's workplace culture, with a strong emphasis on employee feedback.

Government Forms Expert Panel to Revise WPI Base Year

On January 2, 2025, the Government of India (GoI) established an expert panel to review and update the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) base year from 2011-12 to 2022-23. Additionally, the panel will work on developing a new Producer Price Index (PPI).

The initiative was announced by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) within the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I). The expert panel is expected to submit its final report to the Office of the Economic Adviser in the MoC&I by June 30, 2026.

Composition of the Panel

• The working group is chaired by Ramesh Chand, a member of the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI).
• The panel includes 18 other members from various ministries and both public and private sectors.

CSIR-NPL Commemorates 79 Years: Pioneering Metrology for National Progress

On January 4, 2025, the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL) marked its 79th Foundation Day in New Delhi. During this event, CSIR-NPL entered into Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM) and the CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP).

• Collaboration with IITM: The MoU with IITM, based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, focuses on academic and research collaboration between the two institutions.
• Partnership with CIMAP: The agreement with CIMAP aims to produce Bharatiya Nirdeshak Dravya (BND), which are Certified Reference Materials, specifically in plant-based materials.

Titagarh Rail Sends India’s First Driverless ‘Make-in-India’ Trainset to Bengaluru Metro

In January 2025, Titagarh Rail Systems Limited, previously known as Titagarh Wagons Limited, achieved a significant milestone in India’s urban mobility sector by delivering the country’s first driverless, Make-in-India trainset to the Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL).

Union Minister Nitin Gadkari Unveils ‘Cashless Treatment’ Scheme for Road Accident Victims

On January 07, 2025, Union Minister Nitin Jairam Gadkari from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) announced an upgraded ‘Cashless Treatment scheme’ for road accident victims. This scheme is expected to launch by March 2025. The announcement was made during a meeting with transport ministers from all states and Union Territories (UTs) at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.

In addition to the cashless treatment scheme, Minister Gadkari also introduced a nationwide initiative for establishing Driver Training Institutes (DTIs). This initiative includes incentives for setting up DTIs and additional rewards for integrating the infrastructure of Automated Testing Stations (ATSs) with DTIs.

Introduction of India's First Indigenous Surgical Robot 'SSI Mantra' at Noble Hospitals, Maharashtra

Noble Hospitals and Research Centre, located in Pune, Maharashtra, has recently installed the 'SSI Mantra (Multi-Arm Novel Tele Robotic Assistance) surgical robot.' This marks the introduction of the first surgical robot made in India.

The SSI Mantra is a state-of-the-art robotic system developed by SS Innovations International Inc, an Indian med-tech startup. The system received approval from the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO), based in New Delhi.

SS Innovations has made history as the first company in India to obtain CDSCO approval for Telesurgery and Teleproctoring. The SSI Mantra was created in 2017 by Dr. Sudhir Srivastava and is recognized as the first surgical robot developed in India.

EPFO Completes Rollout of CPPS in All Regional Offices

On January 3, 2024, the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) based in New Delhi successfully finished the nationwide implementation of the Centralized Pension Payments System (CPPS) under the Employees' Pension Scheme (EPS) 1995. This initiative aims to enhance the living conditions of pensioners by streamlining pension disbursements across all regional offices.

The CPPS allows pensioners to access their pensions effortlessly from any bank branch across the country. It eliminates the need for physical verification, thereby simplifying and expediting the disbursement process.

MoT Extends Deadlines for Compliance with Medical Textile QCO until April 1, 2025

On January 2, 2025, the Ministry of Textiles (MoT) announced an extension for the compliance deadline of the Medical Textiles Quality Control Order (QCO), 2024, until April 1, 2025. This extension aims to assist Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in meeting the required standards.

However, Large and Medium Enterprises (LME) are still required to comply with the original timeline of January 1, 2025.

India’s Membership in UN-CEBD

On January 11, 2025, India officially became a member of the United Nations Committee of Experts on Big Data and Data Science for Official Statistics (UN-CEBD). This membership reflects India’s increasing influence in the global statistical community and its commitment to leveraging data and technology for effective policy-making.

Background. India had previously assumed membership in the United Nations Statistical Council (UNSC) in 2024.

Contribution to Global Standards. India’s inclusion in the UN-CEBD contributes to shaping global standards in Big Data and Data Science for official statistics. It also highlights India’s pioneering initiatives, such as:

• Data Innovation Lab:. platform for experimenting with new data technologies.
• Exploring Alternate Data Sources: Utilizing satellite imagery and machine learning for policy-making.

Odisha Joins Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY Scheme as 34th State

In January 2025, the Government of Odisha's Department of Health and Family Welfare entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Health Authority (NHA), part of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW). This agreement was for the implementation of the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) in Odisha.

With this signing, Odisha became the 34th state in India to adopt the AB PM-JAY scheme. According to the MoU, the AB PM-JAY will be implemented in conjunction with the existing Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana (GJAY) in Odisha.

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Indichip Semiconductors to Set Up India's First Private Semiconductor Facility in Andhra Pradesh

In January 2025, Indichip Semiconductors Limited, based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, announced plans to establish India’s first private semiconductor manufacturing facility in collaboration with its Joint Venture partner Yitoa Micro Technology Limited (YMTL) from Japan. This initiative was formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the government of Andhra Pradesh. The facility will be located at the Orvakal Mega Industrial Hub in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.

India Meteorological Department (IMD) Marks 150 Years of Service

On January 15, 2025, the India Meteorological Department (IMD), part of the Ministry of Earth Sciences, celebrated its 150th Foundation Day. The event featured a variety of activities and workshops showcasing IMD's vital role in enhancing India’s climate resilience and providing essential weather and climate services.

• During the celebration, a commemorative postage stamp and coin were released to honor IMD's 150 years of service.
• Additionally, the "IMD Vision 2047" document was unveiled, outlining a strategic framework for weather resilience and climate change adaptation as India approaches its centenary of independence in 2047.

Celebrating 9 Years of Startup India: 1.59 Lakh Startups Recognised and 16.6 Lakh Jobs Created

On January 16, 2025, Startup India, a game-changing initiative by the Government of India (GoI), marks its 9th anniversary. Launched in 2016, the initiative aims to foster innovation and boost the growth of startups across the country. To commemorate this achievement, the GoI has designated January 16 as National Startup Day, highlighting the nation’s progress in promoting a robust and inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Growth of Startups

• Since its inception, over 1.59 lakh startups have been recognised by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), a significant increase from just 500 startups in 2016.
• This growth has firmly positioned India as the world’s 3rd largest startup ecosystem.

Major Startup Hubs

• Cities like Bengaluru (Karnataka), Hyderabad (Telangana), Mumbai (Maharashtra), and the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) have emerged as major hubs for startups.
• Additionally, smaller cities across India are increasingly contributing to the country’s entrepreneurial momentum.

Key Initiatives Launched

• On January 16, 2025, during the celebration of Startup India’s 9th anniversary in New Delhi, Union Minister Piyush Goyal launched two key initiatives:
• PRABHAAV Factbook (Powering a Resilient and Agile Bharat for the Advancement of Visionary Startups)
• Bharat Startup Challenge

Support for Startups in Maharashtra

• In January 2025, Devendra Fadnavis, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) to establish a Rs 100 crore fund aimed at strengthening startups and small businesses in the state.

National Startup Day 2025 Celebrations

• The Startup Policy Forum (SPF), with the support of DPIIT and Startup India, launched two flagship initiatives to celebrate National Startup Day 2025.
• ‘Startup Baithak’
• ‘Startup Baatcheet’

India and South Korea Collaborate on Vocational Education Project

In January 2025, India and South Korea formalized their collaboration on a technical cooperation project aimed at strengthening vocational education and training in the field of mechatronics in India. The exchange of notes took place in New Delhi and involves the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) from the Republic of Korea.

South Korea is set to invest USD 2 million (approximately 2.9 billion KRW) by 2027 to kickstart this large-scale initiative, focusing on enhancing India’s vocational and technical education capabilities.

INROAD Project Receives ₹100 Crore to Improve Natural Rubber Quality in Northeast India

In January 2025, the Indian Natural Rubber Operations for Assisted Development (INROAD) project was granted ₹100 crore to enhance the quality of natural rubber in Northeast India.

INROAD is the first project globally where the tyre industry directly supports the development of rubber plantations. The initiative also aims to empower women economically in rubber cultivation.

Government of India Reconstitutes Atomic Energy Commission with Ajith Kumar Mohanty as Chairman

In January 2025, the Government of India reconstituted the high-powered Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), adding new members such as Cabinet Secretary T.V. Somanathan and Expenditure Secretary Manoj Govil as ex-officio members.

The reconstituted AEC also includes Pankaj Mishra, who became the member (Finance) in 2024. Ajith Kumar Mohanty, Secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy, has been retained as the chairman of the AEC.

MEITY and DSCI Launch CSGC 2.0 to Boost Cybersecurity Innovations

On January 15, 2025, S. Krishnan, the Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MEITY), unveiled the second edition of the Cyber Security Grand Challenge (CSGC 2.0). This initiative, implemented by the Data Security Council of India (DSCI) based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, aims to enhance India’s cybersecurity capabilities and prepare for a secure digital future.

The CSGC 2.0 is designed to foster innovative solutions and advancements in the field of cybersecurity, addressing the growing challenges and threats in the digital landscape. By encouraging research and development in this critical area, the initiative seeks to strengthen India’s cybersecurity framework and ensure a safer digital environment for all users.

Updates to OMSS(D) Policy for 2024-25

Union Minister Pralhad Joshi, from the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD), has announced updates to the Open Market Sale Scheme (Domestic) [OMSS(D)] for 2024-25. These updates aim to improve food security and streamline rice distribution across the country.

• Reserve Price Reduction: The reserve price of rice has been set at Rs 2,250 per quintal, applicable nationwide. This marks a reduction from the previous price of Rs 2,900 per quintal, which was established in August 2024.
• Objective: The updates to the OMSS(D) policy are intended to enhance food security measures and ensure more efficient distribution of rice across India, addressing the needs of consumers and stabilizing the market.

MNRE: Total Renewable Energy Installed Capacity Increases by 15.84% to 209.44 GW in 2024

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has reported significant progress in India’s Renewable Energy (RE) sector, reinforcing the country’s status as a global leader in clean energy. As of December 2024, India’s total RE installed capacity reached 209.44 Gigawatts (GW), marking a 15.84% increase from 180.80 GW in December 2023.

• Solar Energy: Solar energy was the frontrunner, with 24.5 GW of new capacity added in 2024. This brought the cumulative installed capacity to 97.86 GW, up from 73.32 GW in 2023.
• Wind Energy: Wind energy also played a crucial role, with 3.4 GW of new capacity added in 2024, reflecting a 21% increase from the previous year.
• Bioenergy: The installed capacity for bioenergy grew from 10.84 GW in December 2023 to 11.35 GW in December 2024, representing a 4.70% increase.

Uttarakhand Becomes First State to Implement Uniform Civil Code

Uttarakhand has taken the lead as the first state in India to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC), which officially came into effect on January 27, 2025. Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami inaugurated the UCC portal and issued a notification to mark the adoption of the civil code during an event in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

The Uttarakhand government introduced the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code Act, 2024, which outlines a clear process for creating and canceling wills and related documents known as codicils, following the rules of inheritance.

Odisha Villages to Get Direct Funds for Forest Protection

Background. In January 2025, the Project Appraisal Committee (PAC) under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) approved Community Forest Resource (CFR) plans for 100 villages in Odisha. These plans are part of the Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006.

Funding Details. The state government will receive Rs 16 crore for the development and execution of CFR management plans for these 100 villages.

Comparison with State Proposal. The number of villages approved (100) is less than the Odisha government's proposal to implement CFR plans in 400 villages across the state.

MoUs with State

Uttar Pradesh MoU’s With Google Cloud
In January 2025, the Uttar Pradesh (UP) government signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Google Cloud (India) to launch the Gemini-powered and Beacon-enabled UP Open Network for Agriculture (UPONA). 

•  This open and decentralized network aims to provide millions of farmers with easy access to services such as advice, credit, machinery, and market links for selling their produce. 
•  UPONA is India’s first state-level initiative using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform agriculture. 

Uttarakhand MoU’s With Verkis
​ The Government of Uttarakhand has entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Verkis Consulting Engineers, an Icelandic company, for geothermal exploration and development in Uttarakhand. 

•  The MoU was signed in the virtual presence of Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami and Icelandic Ambassador Dr. Benedict Hoskulsson. 

Tripura MoU’s With Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD)
​  In January 2025, the Government of Tripura signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD) of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) for multi-lingual governance. 

•  This MoU was signed during a state-level workshop called “Bhashini Rajyam” held at Pragna Bhavan in Agartala, Tripura, under the guidance of Chief Minister Professor (Dr.) Manik Saha. 
•  With this agreement, Tripura becomes the first North-Eastern state and the eighth Indian state to sign a MoU with the Bhasha Interface for India (Bhashini).