RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) Exam  >  RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) Notes  >  RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests  >  Chapter 1. Biologists and Their Contribution; Classification of Animals - Biology, Civil Services

Chapter 1. Biologists and Their Contribution; Classification of Animals - Biology, Civil Services | RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) PDF Download

Biologists & Their Contribution

 

 

1.

 

Coined the term ‘cell’

 

Robert Hooke

 

 

 

 

2.

 

Binomial nomenclature

 

Carolus Linnaeus

 

 

 

 

3.

 

One gene one enzyme hypthesis

 

Beadle & Tatum

 

 

 

 

4.

 

Operon Concept

 

Jacob & Monod

 

 

 

 

5.

 

Jumping Genes concept

 

Dr. McClintock

 

 

 

 

6.

 

Human Blood Groups

 

Karl Landsteiner

 

 

 

 

7.

 

Fluid Mosaic Model

 

Singer & Nicholson

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Classification of Animals

 

 

 

              Types of Invertebrates

 

 

 

Placozoa

 

Single species identified as Trichoplax adherens.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Porifera

 

Sponges

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coelenterata

Coral, hydra, jellyfish, Portuguese man-of-war, sea anemone

(cnidaria)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nematoda or

Ascarids, vinegar eels, cyst nematodes, Pinworms, roundworms hookworms

Aschelminthes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annelida

 

Lugworms, earthworms, leeches

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arthropoda

Crustaceans: prawn, shrimp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Insects: butterfly, housefly, mosquito, cockroach

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arachnids: Scorpion, wolf spider, King Crab

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Myriapods: Centipede, Millipede

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mollusca

 

Chitons, oysters, snails, clams, squid

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Echinodermata

Star fish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chordata

 

Divided into Hemichordata (tongue worm), Urochordata, Cephalanchordata,

 

 

 

 

 

Gnathastomata.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Types of Vertebrates

 

 

 

 

Jawless fishes (Agnatha)

Hagfish, lamprey

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cartilaginous fishes

 

Sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bony fishes

 

Sturgeon, herring, salmon, perch, cod, coelacanth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amphibians

 

Frogs and toads, salamanders, newts, caecilians

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reptiles

 

Snakes, crocodiles, alligators, lizards, turtles, tortoises

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Birds (Aves)

 

Penguin, flamingo, eagle, turkey, thrush, parrot

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mammals

 

Platypus, kangaroo, bat, lion, wolf, mouse, seal, antelope, cow, dolphin,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

whale, lemur, monkey, ape, human

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FAQs on Chapter 1. Biologists and Their Contribution; Classification of Animals - Biology, Civil Services - RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan)

1. What is the role of biologists in the field of animal classification?
Ans. Biologists play a crucial role in the field of animal classification. They study the different characteristics, behaviors, and traits of animals to classify them into different groups and species. By analyzing the physical features, genetic information, and evolutionary history of animals, biologists can determine their relationships and create classification systems that help in understanding the diversity of animal life.
2. How do biologists contribute to the field of biology?
Ans. Biologists contribute to the field of biology by conducting research, collecting data, and studying various aspects of living organisms. They explore the structure, function, behavior, and evolution of animals, plants, and microorganisms, providing valuable insights into the natural world. Biologists also contribute to the development of new technologies, conservation efforts, and the understanding of diseases and their treatments.
3. What is the significance of animal classification in biology?
Ans. Animal classification is significant in biology as it helps in organizing and understanding the diverse range of animal species. By classifying animals into different groups based on shared characteristics, scientists can identify patterns, study evolutionary relationships, and make predictions about the traits and behaviors of different species. Animal classification also provides a framework for further research and contributes to the conservation and management of biodiversity.
4. What are the different levels of animal classification?
Ans. Animal classification involves several hierarchical levels, including kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. These levels are arranged in a hierarchical system called taxonomy. Starting from broad categories like kingdom, such as Animalia, organisms are successively divided into more specific groups based on their characteristics. For example, humans are classified as follows: Kingdom - Animalia, Phylum - Chordata, Class - Mammalia, Order - Primates, Family - Hominidae, Genus - Homo, Species - Homo sapiens.
5. How does animal classification contribute to our understanding of biodiversity?
Ans. Animal classification contributes to our understanding of biodiversity by providing a systematic framework to study and organize the immense variety of animal species. It helps in identifying and naming new species, determining their evolutionary relationships, and predicting their characteristics based on shared traits. By studying the classification of animals, scientists can assess the distribution, abundance, and conservation status of different species, leading to better management and preservation of biodiversity.
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