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4. Features of Constitution - Polity, Civil Services Examination | RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan) PDF Download
- Lengthiest written Constitution: Originally our constitution contained 395 articles divided in 22 parts and 8 schedules. Constitution has been amended 98 times. Currently there are 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and 448 Articles. These figures show our constitution as the most comprehensive constitution in the world. (British have no written constitution and Constitution of USA had originally only 7 articles)
- Starts with a Preamble: It gives an insight into the Philosophy of the Constitution.
- Drawn from different sources: fundamental rights from USA, bicameralism from UK, Fundamental duties from USSR etc,
- Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility: making Law is quite flexible and easy in comparison to amending a law.
- Sovereignty of the Country: managing internal and external affairs freely without any external forces.
- Democratic state: governing power is derived from the people by means of elected representatives of the people.
- Republic: India does not have a hereditary post of Head of the State. The Head of the state in India is President and he / she is elected.
- Socialist State: Indian socialism is democratic socialism. The goals of the socialism are to be realized through democratic means.
- Secular state: India is secular country. Here No religion is a state religion. The constitution provides equal treatment to all religions.
- Parliamentary Form of Government: Westminster model of government. Presence of nominal and real executives, majority party rule, collective responsibility of executive to legislature, dissolution of lower house, prime minister has crucial and important role.
- A blend of Federal and Unitary System: there are separate governments in the Union and States and there is division of power. Unitary features: Strong centre. Single Citizenship, single constitution for both the centre and states, emergency provisions, all India services. India is also quasi-federal as constitution describes India as union of states. States cannot unjoin as well as there is no agreement by states. We have union as well as state lists.
- Integrated and independent Judiciary: The states have high courts but the verdicts of these courts are subject to appeal to the Supreme Court. The Constitution has made the High Courts subordinate to the Supreme Court.
- Universal Adult Franchise: Every citizen who is above 18 years has a Voting Right without any discrimination.
- Three tier government structure: union, state and panchayats.
- Synthesis of parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy: judicial review of Supreme Court by procedure established by law. Also, parliament can amend major portion of constitution.
- Fundamental rights: to promote political democracy. Enforceable by courts for violation. They are Justiciable in nature.
- Fundamental duties: to respect constitution; to promote national unity, integrity, sovereignty; to preserve rich cultural heritage and promote common brotherhood. They are not justiciable in nature.
- Directive principles of state policy: socialistic, liberal and gandhian meant for promoting ideal social and economic democracy. To establish welfare state. It is the duty of state to apply these in governance. They are not justiciable.
- Independent bodies: constitution not only provides legislative, executive and judicial organs of government (state and centre) but also has independent election commission, CAG, UPSC, SPSC with security of tenure, service conditions.
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FAQs on 4. Features of Constitution - Polity, Civil Services Examination - RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - RPSC RAS (Rajasthan)
| 1. What are the key features of the Constitution of India? |  |
Ans. The key features of the Constitution of India include its length, which makes it one of the longest written constitutions in the world, its federal structure with a strong central government, a parliamentary form of government, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the separation of powers among the three branches of government, and an independent judiciary.
| 2. How does the Constitution of India provide for the protection of fundamental rights? | |
Ans. The Constitution of India provides for the protection of fundamental rights through Part III, which includes rights such as the right to equality, right to freedom of speech and expression, right to protection of life and personal liberty, and right to constitutional remedies. These rights are justiciable, meaning that individuals can approach the courts to seek remedies if their rights are violated.
| 3. Can the Constitution of India be amended? | |
Ans. Yes, the Constitution of India can be amended. The procedure for amending the Constitution is outlined in Article 368. Amendments can be made by a special majority of both houses of Parliament, and in some cases, with the ratification of at least half of the state legislatures. However, certain provisions of the Constitution, known as "basic structure doctrine," cannot be amended as they form the basic foundation of the Constitution.
| 4. How does the Constitution ensure the separation of powers among the three branches of government? | |
Ans. The Constitution ensures the separation of powers among the three branches of government through various mechanisms. The legislative power is vested in Parliament, the executive power in the President and the Council of Ministers, and the judicial power in the Supreme Court and other subordinate courts. Each branch has its own functions and powers, and they act as checks and balances on each other to prevent concentration of power.
| 5. What role does the Constitution play in the functioning of civil services in India? | |
Ans. The Constitution of India provides the framework for the functioning of civil services in India. It lays down the principles of public administration, appointment, and removal of civil servants, their rights and duties, and the structure and organization of administrative bodies. The Constitution ensures that civil services operate in a fair, efficient, and accountable manner, serving as the backbone of the country's governance system.
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