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VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE
If in a Reversed Carnot Cycle
- Refrigerant is compressed from dry saturated condition.
- Expander is replaced by a throttling device.
The modified cycle is vapour compression cycle with no draw back of reversed carnot cycle with vapour as refrigerant
- Refrigerant circulation rate
- Volume of suction vapour = m& V1
V1 – Specific volume of the vapour at suction
- Actual piston displacement volume of compressor
hv = volumetric efficiency of compressor - Power consumption of compressor
- Heat rejected in the condenser
- The superheat discharge temperature is found by
- Refrigerating effect =
(h1 - h4 ) = Q0- In case of R - 11, R - 22 and Ammonia system, wet suction state leads to maximum COP, for all other refrigerants system. suction from super heated state gives maximum COP,
Actual vapour compression system has following deviation from simple VCC.
(i) Superheating of vapour in evaporator.
(ii) Heat gain and superheating of vapour in suction line.
(iii) Pressure drop in suction line
(iv) Polytropic compression instead of isentropic compression due to friction.
(v) Pressure drop at discharge valve.
(vi) pressure drop in condenser and evaporator.
(vii) Subcooling of liquid in condenser and heat gain in liquid line.
EFFECT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON COP OF PAOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE.
Effect of Decrease in Evaporator Pressure
- Decrease in refrigerating effect
- Increases in specific volume of suction vapour
- Decease in Volumetric efficiency of compressor due to increase in pressure ratio.
- Increase in compressor work
Effect of Increase in Condenser Pressure
- Deceases in Refrigerating effect
- Increase in compressor work
- Decrease in volumetric efficiency of compressor
- Increase in mass flow of refrigerant.
- COP decreases with both decreasing evaporator pressure and increasing compressor pressure. Effect of decreasing evaporator pressure is more on hte decrease in COP than the effect of increase in condenser pressure by same account.
Effect of suction Vapour Superheat
- Increase in Refrigerating effect
- Increase in specific volume of suction vapour
- Increase in compressor work.
- It ensures complete vaporization of liquid before entering compressor.
- For R - 12, suction vapour superheat increases the COP.
- For R-22 & ammonia system, suction vapour super heat decreases the COP.
Effect of Liquid subcooling
- Increase in refrigerating effect
- Compressor work is same & COP in creases
If Energy Gained by Subcooling is Utilized in super Heating the Suction Vapour
- For R-12, work per TR is decreased and COP increases.
- For R-22 Ammonia, work per TR increases & COP decreases.
- There is large pressure drop in evaporator and very less drop in condenser. So pressure drop in evaporator is very critical in design.
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FAQs on Vapour Compression Cycle - Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)
| 1. What is a vapour compression cycle in mechanical engineering? |  |
| 2. How does a vapour compression cycle work? | |
Ans. In a vapour compression cycle, the refrigerant undergoes a series of processes. First, it is compressed in a compressor, increasing its pressure and temperature. Then, it passes through a condenser where it releases heat to the surroundings and changes from a gas to a liquid. The liquid refrigerant then flows through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature. Finally, it enters the evaporator where it absorbs heat from the surroundings and evaporates back into a gas. This cycle repeats to maintain the desired cooling or heating effect.
| 3. What are the components of a vapour compression cycle? | |
Ans. A vapour compression cycle consists of several key components. These include a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. The compressor is responsible for raising the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The condenser allows the refrigerant to release heat and condense into a liquid. The expansion valve lowers the pressure and temperature of the liquid refrigerant before it enters the evaporator. The evaporator absorbs heat from the surroundings, causing the refrigerant to evaporate and complete the cycle.
| 4. What are the advantages of a vapour compression cycle? | |
Ans. The vapour compression cycle offers several advantages in mechanical engineering applications. Firstly, it provides efficient heat transfer, allowing for effective cooling or heating. It also allows for precise temperature control and can be easily adjusted to meet varying demands. Additionally, the cycle is reliable and widely used, with established design guidelines and readily available components. Finally, the use of refrigerants in the cycle makes it environmentally friendly compared to other cooling or heating methods.
| 5. What are the limitations of a vapour compression cycle? | |
Ans. While the vapour compression cycle is widely used, it does have some limitations. One limitation is the need for a constant power supply to operate the compressor. This can be a drawback in remote or off-grid locations. Another limitation is the potential for refrigerant leakage, which can contribute to environmental concerns. Additionally, the cycle may not be suitable for certain extreme temperature conditions or for applications requiring very low temperatures. Proper maintenance and design considerations are necessary to mitigate these limitations.
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