Security in the Contemporary World Revision Notes | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

FACTS THAT MATTER

1. ‘Security’ is freedom from ‘threats’, security protects core values from threatening by preventing, limiting and ending the war.
2. The notions of security can be grouped into two i.e. Traditional concept and Non-traditional concept. Traditional notion includes both external and internal threats. External threats experience military war, balance of power and alliance building threats whereas internal includes internal peace and order.
3. The means of traditional security limit the violence upto maximum extent through disarmament, arms-control and confidence building. Disarmament bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons. Arms control regulates acquisition of weapons and confidence building share ideas and information with rival countries.
4. Non-traditional security focuses on human and global security by covering all of human kinds. Human security in a narrow sense protects individuals from internal violence only whereas broadly it protects from hunger, diseases and natural disasters. Global security responds to threats like global warming, international terrorism, health epidemics like AIDS, bird flue and so on.
5. New sources of threats include terrorism, human rights, global poverty, migration, and health epidemics. Terrorism refers to political violence targeting civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Human rights threats involve political rights, economic and social rights as well as rights of colonised people and indigenous minorities.
6. Global poverty suffers from low per capita income and economic growth and high population migration creates international political friction as states pursue different rules for migrants and refugees. Health epidemics cover HIV-AIDS, bird flu, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) through migration business, tourism and military operations.
7. Cooperative security is required to alleviate poverty, manage migration, refugee movements and control epidemics. Cooperation may be bilateral, regional, continental or global depending on the nature of threat and willingness and ability of countries to respond either nationally or internationally.
8. India has faced both traditional and non-traditional threats to its security. India’s security strategy has four broad components i.e. strengthening military capabilities, to strength international norms and institutions, to meet security challenges inside the border and to develop to lift citizens out of poverty, missing and economic inequalities.

WORDS THAT MATTER

1. Security: An essence for existence of human life to protect from threats either external or internal.
2. Arms Control: It regulates acquisition of weapon.
3. Disarmament: It bounds states to give up certain kinds of weapons to avoid mass destruction.
4. Confidence building: A process in which different countries share ideas and information with rival countries by intimating each other about their military plans.
5. Global Poverty: It refers to a country to be suffered from low incomes and less economic growth to be categorised as least developed or developing countries.
6. Migration: It is the movement of human resources from one state to another due to some particular reasons.

IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS

1. BWC: Biological Weapons Convention
2. CWC: Chemical Weapons Convention
3. ABM: Anti-Ballistic Missile
4. START: Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
5. NPT: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
6. SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
7. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
8. CBMS: Confidence Building Measures
9. NIEO: New International Economic Order
10. IMF: International Monetary Fund