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All questions of Structure of Argument for UGC NET Exam
In a syllogism, what term appears as a predicate in premise 1 and in the conclusion, while the middle term appears as a subject in premise 1 and as a predicate in premise 2?- a) Major term
- b) Minor term
- c) Middle term
- d) Conclusion term
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
In a syllogism, what term appears as a predicate in premise 1 and in the conclusion, while the middle term appears as a subject in premise 1 and as a predicate in premise 2?
a)
Major term
b)
Minor term
c)
Middle term
d)
Conclusion term
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Academia Elite answered |
The major term in a syllogism appears as a predicate in premise 1 and in the conclusion. On the other hand, the middle term appears as a subject in premise 1 and as a predicate in premise 2. Understanding the roles of major, minor, and middle terms in a syllogism is crucial for effectively analyzing and constructing logical arguments.
Which type of argument guarantees the truth of the conclusion based on the truth of the premises?- a) Inductive Argument
- b) Abductive Argument
- c) Deductive Argument
- d) Hypothetical Argument
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which type of argument guarantees the truth of the conclusion based on the truth of the premises?
a)
Inductive Argument
b)
Abductive Argument
c)
Deductive Argument
d)
Hypothetical Argument
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Academia Elite answered |
In a deductive argument, the truth of the conclusion is guaranteed by the truth of the premises. This means that if the premises are true, the conclusion logically follows and must also be true. Deductive reasoning is characterized by this strong connection between premises and conclusions, ensuring the validity of the argument.
What kind of relationship in the square of opposition exists between propositions that vary in both quality and quantity, ensuring that if one is true, the other must be false?
- a)Contradictory
- b)Subalterns
- c)Contraries
- d)Sub-Contrary
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What kind of relationship in the square of opposition exists between propositions that vary in both quality and quantity, ensuring that if one is true, the other must be false?
a)
Contradictory
b)
Subalterns
c)
Contraries
d)
Sub-Contrary
|
Divit Mehra answered |
Understanding the Square of Opposition
The square of opposition is a diagram representing the relationships between different types of categorical propositions. It consists of four corners representing four types of propositions based on quality (affirmative or negative) and quantity (universal or particular).
Contradictory Propositions
- Contradictory propositions are those that cannot both be true at the same time, nor can they both be false.
- They are positioned diagonally in the square of opposition. For example:
- Universal affirmative (All S are P) and particular negative (Some S are not P) are contradictory.
- If one is true, the other must be false.
Variations in Quality and Quantity
- The propositions that vary in both quality (affirmative vs. negative) and quantity (universal vs. particular) lead to contradictions.
- For instance:
- If "All cats are mammals" (universal affirmative) is true, then "Some cats are not mammals" (particular negative) must be false.
Why Option A is Correct
- The correct answer is option 'A' because contradictory relationships highlight the exclusive nature of truth values between propositions.
- This ensures that the truth of one directly negates the truth of the other, fulfilling the criteria of varying in both quality and quantity.
Conclusion
In summary, contradictory propositions in the square of opposition represent fundamental logical relationships, where the truth of one proposition guarantees the falsehood of another. Understanding this relationship is crucial for studying logical reasoning and argumentation in the UGC NET context.
The square of opposition is a diagram representing the relationships between different types of categorical propositions. It consists of four corners representing four types of propositions based on quality (affirmative or negative) and quantity (universal or particular).
Contradictory Propositions
- Contradictory propositions are those that cannot both be true at the same time, nor can they both be false.
- They are positioned diagonally in the square of opposition. For example:
- Universal affirmative (All S are P) and particular negative (Some S are not P) are contradictory.
- If one is true, the other must be false.
Variations in Quality and Quantity
- The propositions that vary in both quality (affirmative vs. negative) and quantity (universal vs. particular) lead to contradictions.
- For instance:
- If "All cats are mammals" (universal affirmative) is true, then "Some cats are not mammals" (particular negative) must be false.
Why Option A is Correct
- The correct answer is option 'A' because contradictory relationships highlight the exclusive nature of truth values between propositions.
- This ensures that the truth of one directly negates the truth of the other, fulfilling the criteria of varying in both quality and quantity.
Conclusion
In summary, contradictory propositions in the square of opposition represent fundamental logical relationships, where the truth of one proposition guarantees the falsehood of another. Understanding this relationship is crucial for studying logical reasoning and argumentation in the UGC NET context.
What defines the structure of a logical argument?- a) A set of conclusions drawn from premises
- b) A set of premises leading to a conclusion
- c) A set of hypotheses supporting an outcome
- d) A set of contradictory statements
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What defines the structure of a logical argument?
a)
A set of conclusions drawn from premises
b)
A set of premises leading to a conclusion
c)
A set of hypotheses supporting an outcome
d)
A set of contradictory statements
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
The structure of a logical argument is defined by a set of premises that lead to a conclusion. Premises are statements that provide the foundation for the conclusion, and the conclusion is drawn based on the reasoning from these premises. This structure forms the basis of a logical argument, where the conclusion is supported by the premises provided.
What type of categorical proposition denies the overlap between the subject class and the predicate class, considering the entire class?- a) Particular Affirmative
- b) Universal Negative
- c) Particular Negative
- d) Contrary
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What type of categorical proposition denies the overlap between the subject class and the predicate class, considering the entire class?
a)
Particular Affirmative
b)
Universal Negative
c)
Particular Negative
d)
Contrary
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
A Universal Negative proposition, denoted by E, denies the overlap between the subject class and the predicate class, considering the entire class. An example of a Universal Negative proposition is "No cats are dogs". This type of proposition asserts that no member of the subject class is part of the predicate class. It is crucial to understand the distinctions between the different types of categorical propositions to grasp the structure of arguments effectively.
In immediate inference through implication, what is maintained when drawing conclusions?- a) The subject changes.
- b) The predicate changes.
- c) The subject and predicate interchange.
- d) The subject remains the subject and the predicate remains the predicate.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In immediate inference through implication, what is maintained when drawing conclusions?
a)
The subject changes.
b)
The predicate changes.
c)
The subject and predicate interchange.
d)
The subject remains the subject and the predicate remains the predicate.
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
In immediate inference through implication, the subject remains the subject and the predicate remains the predicate when drawing conclusions. This method involves maintaining the core subjects and predicates to derive logical inferences.
Which type of categorical proposition affirms the overlap of classes for the entire subject class?- a) Universal Affirmative
- b) Universal Negative
- c) Particular Affirmative
- d) Particular Negative
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which type of categorical proposition affirms the overlap of classes for the entire subject class?
a)
Universal Affirmative
b)
Universal Negative
c)
Particular Affirmative
d)
Particular Negative
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
A Universal Affirmative categorical proposition affirms the overlap of classes for the entire subject class. This type of proposition asserts that every element of the subject class is also a member of the predicate class, indicating a universal relationship between the two categories as described in the statement "All S is P."
What characterizes an argument as sound?- a) It must be valid and have true premises.
- b) It must be popularly accepted.
- c) It must be emotionally compelling.
- d) It must be complex and nuanced.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What characterizes an argument as sound?
a)
It must be valid and have true premises.
b)
It must be popularly accepted.
c)
It must be emotionally compelling.
d)
It must be complex and nuanced.
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
An argument is considered sound when it is not only valid in structure but also based on true premises. This means that the argument's logical form is correct, and the information it starts with is accurate, making the conclusion necessarily true if the premises are true.
What is the purpose of understanding logical fallacies in constructing arguments?- a) To make arguments more complex.
- b) To undermine the credibility of an argument.
- c) To confuse the audience.
- d) To make the argument more appealing.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the purpose of understanding logical fallacies in constructing arguments?
a)
To make arguments more complex.
b)
To undermine the credibility of an argument.
c)
To confuse the audience.
d)
To make the argument more appealing.
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
Understanding logical fallacies is crucial in constructing arguments to avoid undermining the credibility of the argument. Fallacies can weaken the logical foundation of an argument, making it less persuasive and reliable.
What term refers to a verb that links the subject and predicate in a categorical proposition?- a) Quantifier
- b) Copula
- c) Predicate Term
- d) Subject Term
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What term refers to a verb that links the subject and predicate in a categorical proposition?
a)
Quantifier
b)
Copula
c)
Predicate Term
d)
Subject Term
|
|
Academia Elite answered |
The copula in a categorical proposition is the verb that links the subject and predicate terms together. It serves as the connecting element between the subject (the first class or category) and the predicate (the second class or category) in a categorical statement, helping to establish the relationship between them.
Chapter doubts & questions for Structure of Argument - 3 Months Preparation for UGC NET Paper 1 2025 is part of UGC NET exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UGC NET exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UGC NET 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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