All questions of Daily Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC CSE Exam

Consider the following statements regarding Bru community:
  1. They speak a language known as Kaubru.
  2. They are nomadic tribal people resides in the North eastern states of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ujwal Unni answered
< b="" />Introduction< />
The given statements are related to the Bru community, a tribal group residing in the northeastern states of India. Let's analyze each statement to determine their correctness.

< b="" />Statement 1: They speak a language known as Kaubru.< />
This statement is correct. The Bru community speaks a language known as Kaubru. Kaubru is an indigenous language belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family. It is primarily spoken by the Bru people in the northeastern states of India, specifically in the states of Tripura, Mizoram, and Assam. The language is an essential part of their cultural identity and heritage.

< b="" />Statement 2: They are nomadic tribal people residing in the northeastern states of India.< />
This statement is incorrect. The Bru community is not nomadic but rather settled in the northeastern states of India. They have been traditionally living in specific areas within the states of Tripura, Mizoram, and Assam. They have their own distinct villages and settlements where they reside.

< b="" />Conclusion< />
In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as the Bru community speaks the Kaubru language. However, statement 2 is incorrect as the Bru community is not nomadic but settled in the northeastern states of India. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - Both 1 and 2.

Consider the following statements regarding the Regional Rapid Transit System:
  1. It is a semi high-speed rail connectivity system across the National Capital Region (NCR).
  2. It is constructed by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Prime Minister of India will inaugurate the first leg of the Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS), India’s first mass rapid system dedicated to regional connectivity.
  • It is semi high-speed rail connectivity at its core; the RRTS is an integrated, mass transit network.
  • It aims to ensure “balanced and sustainable urban development” through better connectivity and access across the National Capital Region (NCR).
  • It is constructed by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC), which is a joint venture company of the Central government and the governments of Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
  • It is modelled on systems such as the RER in Paris, Regional-Express trains in Germany and Austria as well as the SEPTA Regional Rail in the United States, among others.
  • These trains will travel significantly faster than metro trains. These will operate at a speed of 160 km/hour but are designed to be able to run at speeds up to 180 km/hour. 
  • Eight corridors will be developed under the project, of which three are being constructed under phase I: the 82-km Delhi-Ghaziabad-Meerut, the 164-km Delhi-Gurugram-SNB-Alwar, and the 103-km Delhi-Panipat corridors.
  • Significance of this system
    • When compared with metros, the RRTS network is faster. It will cater to commuters who want to travel relatively longer distances across the NCR in a short time.
    • Compared with the Indian Railways, though the RRTS train will cover relatively smaller distances, it will do so at higher frequency and provide relatively more comfort than the average Railways coach.
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding the Mont Blanc:
  1. It is the highest peak in Europe.
  2. It is located in the Alps and lies along the French-Italian border.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

New research has revealed that Mont Blanc, France's highest mountain has witnessed a reduction in its height over the past two years.
  • It is the highest peak (4,807 metres) in Europe.
  • It is located in the Alps and lies along the French-Italian border and reaches into Switzerland.
  • It is nicknamed as "the roof of Europe".
  • Its name comes from the perennial snow cap that covers it, meaning literally “the white mountain”.
  • The mountain stands in a range called the Graian Alps, between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France.
Hence both statements are correct.

Yard 12706 (IMPHAL), recently seen in the news, is a:
  • a)
    missile defence system
  • b)
    guided missile destroyer ship
  • c)
    intermediate range ballistic missile
  • d)
    supersonic cruise missile
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jaya Mehta answered
Yard 12706 (IMPHAL)

Introduction:
Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is a guided missile destroyer ship that has recently been in the news. It is an important addition to the Indian Navy's fleet and has garnered attention due to its capabilities and significance in naval defense.

Explanation:
Guided Missile Destroyer Ship:
A guided missile destroyer is a naval warship that is primarily designed for anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare. These ships are equipped with advanced weapon systems, sensors, and communication equipment to provide defense and support to naval operations. They are capable of engaging and neutralizing threats from both air and underwater domains.

Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) - A Guided Missile Destroyer Ship:
Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is a specific guided missile destroyer ship that has been named after the capital city of Manipur, a state in northeastern India. This ship is part of the Indian Navy's ongoing efforts to modernize its fleet and enhance its capabilities.

Importance and Capabilities:
Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is equipped with advanced weapon systems and sensors that enable it to engage targets effectively. Some of its key features and capabilities include:

1. Missile Systems: The ship is armed with a variety of missile systems, including surface-to-air missiles (SAM) and anti-ship missiles (AShM). These missiles provide the ship with the capability to engage and neutralize threats from both aircraft and enemy warships.

2. Anti-Submarine Warfare: Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is equipped with advanced sonar systems and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities. This allows the ship to detect and track submarines, providing protection to the fleet against underwater threats.

3. Air Defense: The ship's air defense systems, including surface-to-air missiles and close-in weapon systems, provide protection against aerial threats such as enemy aircraft and missiles.

4. Communication and Sensors: Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is equipped with advanced communication systems and sensors that enable it to gather and share real-time information with other units of the fleet. This enhances situational awareness and coordination during naval operations.

5. Multi-Mission Capabilities: The guided missile destroyer ship is designed to perform various missions, including escorting naval convoys, conducting anti-piracy operations, providing air defense cover, and supporting amphibious operations.

Conclusion:
Yard 12706 (IMPHAL) is a guided missile destroyer ship recently in the news. It is an important addition to the Indian Navy's fleet and enhances its capabilities in terms of anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare. Equipped with advanced weapon systems, sensors, and communication equipment, it plays a crucial role in ensuring the defense and security of maritime interests.

Consider the following statements regarding the Bharat New Car Assessment Programme:
  1. It will award star ratings to cars for Adult Occupants (AOP) and Child Occupant (COP).
  2. It will be applicable for Electric Vehicles as well.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Disha Desai answered
The correct answer is option 'C', both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:

1. Star ratings for Adult Occupants (AOP) and Child Occupant (COP):
The Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) is a car safety assessment program that tests and rates the safety performance of vehicles in India. It aims to provide consumers with information about the safety level of vehicles being sold in the market. The program evaluates vehicles based on their crashworthiness and safety features, and assigns star ratings to indicate their safety performance.

The first statement is correct as the Bharat NCAP will award star ratings to cars for both Adult Occupants (AOP) and Child Occupant (COP) safety. This means that the program will assess the safety of vehicles not only for adult occupants but also for child passengers.

2. Applicability to Electric Vehicles (EVs):
The second statement is also correct. The Bharat NCAP is applicable to all types of vehicles, including Electric Vehicles (EVs). As the Indian automotive industry is moving towards electric mobility, it is important to ensure that electric vehicles meet the required safety standards. Therefore, the Bharat NCAP will assess the safety performance of electric vehicles as well.

In conclusion, both statements are correct. The Bharat NCAP will award star ratings to cars for Adult Occupants (AOP) and Child Occupant (COP) safety, and it will be applicable to Electric Vehicles (EVs) as well. This program aims to improve road safety in India by encouraging automobile manufacturers to produce safer vehicles and providing consumers with information to make informed choices about their vehicle purchases.

Consider the following statements regarding the Megalithic Sites:
  1. These were constructed as commemorative memorials.
  2. The majority of the megaliths in India belong to the Chalcolitic period.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavita Shah answered
A large number of megalithic hat stones were found from a single site during a recent archaeological salvage excavation conducted by the Kerala State Archaeology Department at Nagaparamba in Kuttippuram village, near Tirunavaya.
  • Megalithic Sites were constructed either as burial sites or commemorative(non-sepulchral)  memorials.
  • The former are sites with actual burial remains, such as dolmenoid cists (box-shaped stone burial chambers), cairn circles (stone circles with defined peripheries) and capstones (distinctive mushroom-shaped burial chambers found mainly in Kerala). 
  • Non-sepulchral megaliths include memorial sites such as menhirs.
  • In India, archaeologists trace the majority of the megaliths to the Iron Age (1500 BC to 500 BC).
  • In India, these are concentrated in the states of Maharashtra (mainly in Vidarbha), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.

Consider the following statements regarding Chilika Lake:
  1. It is a brackish water lake located in the state of Odisha. 
  2. It is designated as the wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lake located in the state of Odisha, India. It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second-largest lagoon in the world. The lake is known for its rich biodiversity and is an important habitat for a wide variety of flora and fauna. It is also a significant breeding and nesting ground for several species of migratory birds.

- Chilika Lake is a brackish water lake located in the state of Odisha.

The Konark Sun temple, which was recently seen in the news, was built during which of the following dynasty?
  • a)
    Eastern Ganga dynasty
  • b)
    Pala dynasty
  • c)
    Vakataka dynasty
  • d)
    None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The Konark Sun Temple and its Dynasty

The Konark Sun Temple is a famous landmark located in the state of Odisha, India. This temple has recently been in the news due to its historical and architectural significance. It was built during the Eastern Ganga dynasty, making option 'A' the correct answer.

Eastern Ganga Dynasty
The Eastern Ganga dynasty ruled over the Kalinga region (present-day Odisha) from the 11th century to the 15th century CE. They were known for their patronage of art, architecture, and literature. The dynasty reached its peak under the rule of Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva.

Construction of the Konark Sun Temple
The Konark Sun Temple was built during the reign of Narasimhadeva I, who belonged to the Eastern Ganga dynasty. The construction of this magnificent temple began in the 13th century CE and was completed in the early 14th century CE.

Architectural Marvel
The Konark Sun Temple is renowned for its architectural brilliance and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is dedicated to the Sun God, Surya, and is designed in the shape of a colossal chariot with intricately carved wheels, horses, and other decorative motifs. The temple is known for its exquisite stone carvings and sculptures, depicting various mythological stories, celestial beings, and daily life activities.

Symbolism
The temple's architecture symbolizes the passage of time, with the twelve pairs of wheels representing the twelve months of the year and the seven horses representing the days of the week. The temple's orientation allows the first rays of the sun to pass through its main entrance, illuminating the sanctum sanctorum.

Decline and Restoration
Over the centuries, the Konark Sun Temple faced significant damage due to natural calamities, invasions, and neglect. It fell into ruins and was partially buried under sand. However, restoration efforts began in the early 20th century, and the temple has now been partially reconstructed, showcasing its former grandeur.

Conclusion
The Konark Sun Temple is a remarkable architectural marvel built during the Eastern Ganga dynasty. Its intricate carvings, symbolic representations, and historical significance make it a cherished heritage site that attracts tourists and historians from around the world.

Eumasia venefica, recently seen in the news, is a:
  • a)
    dragonfly
  • b)
    invasive species
  • c)
    bagworm moth
  • d)
    honeybee
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Meera Menon answered
Eumasia venefica is a bagworm moth, which is the correct answer (option C).

Bagworm Moth:
- Bagworm moths belong to the family Psychidae and are named after the characteristic bags or cases that the larvae construct and live in.
- The larvae of bagworm moths are known for their unique behavior of creating protective cases using silk and plant material.
- These cases serve as a form of camouflage, allowing the larvae to blend in with their surroundings and protect themselves from predators.
- The cases are often made from pieces of leaves, twigs, or other debris, providing a layer of protection for the larvae as they feed and grow.
- Bagworm moths undergo complete metamorphosis, starting as eggs, then progressing through larval, pupal, and adult stages.
- The adult moths are often small and inconspicuous, with wingspans ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters, depending on the species.

Eumasia venefica:
- Eumasia venefica is a specific species of bagworm moth.
- This species is known for its distinctive appearance and behavior.
- The larvae of Eumasia venefica construct elongated, narrow cases that resemble small twigs, providing excellent camouflage.
- These cases are typically covered with moss or lichen, further enhancing their camouflage.
- Eumasia venefica is native to Southeast Asia, specifically found in countries like Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
- Recently, Eumasia venefica has been in the news, possibly due to its unique characteristics or its impact on the local environment.
- However, without further context, it is difficult to determine the specific reason for its recent appearance in the news.

Invasive Species:
- Invasive species are non-native organisms that are introduced to a new ecosystem and have the potential to cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health.
- They often outcompete native species, disrupt ecosystems, and can lead to the decline or extinction of native species.
- While bagworm moths can be found in various parts of the world, it is not mentioned in the question that Eumasia venefica is an invasive species.

In conclusion, Eumasia venefica is a bagworm moth, specifically known for its unique appearance and behavior. While bagworm moths can have ecological impacts, it is not mentioned in the question that Eumasia venefica is an invasive species.

Deception Island, recently seen in the news, lies in which one of the following regions?
  • a)
    North Atlantic Ocean
  • b)
    Northeast of Australia
  • c)
    Northwest of Antarctic Peninsula
  • d)
    Arctic Ocean
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently posted a birds-eye-view picture of Deception Island on its Instagram handle.
About Deception Island:
  • Deception Island is part of a line of islands called the South Shetland Islands, lying northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula.
  • It is an active volcano. 
  • Formation: It was formed by a massive volcanic eruption, which caused the central part of the volcano to collapse and allowed seawater to flood the center, or caldera.
  • It has a unique landscape of barren volcanic slopessteaming beaches, and ash-layered glaciers that form a distinctive horseshoe-shaped opening to the sea through a narrow channel at Neptune’s Bellows.
  • The island surrounds Port Foster, one of the safest harbours in the Antarctic.
  • It is one of the only places in the world where vessels can sail directly into the centre of a restless volcano.
  • It’s one of two active volcanoes around Antarctica, and it has erupted more than twenty times since the 19th century.
  • Three volcanic eruptions took place on the island between 1967 – 1970destroying the Chilean and the British stations.
  • At present, Argentina and Spain maintain summer scientific stations there.
  • It is now managed as part of the Antarctic treaty, making it a protected area with restricted human visits and impacts.
Hence option c is the correct answer.

Jaderi namakatti clay sticks, which recently received Geographical Indication tag, belongs to:
  • a)
    Tamil Nadu
  • b)
    Sikkim
  • c)
    Kerala
  • d)
    Arunachal Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshya Ias answered
Recently, the Jaderi namakatti was given the GI tag by the Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai.
  • These are clay sticks that are white in colour, usually available in finger-like shape with a smooth texture. 
  • Jaderi is a small village in Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu.
  • There are around 120 families in Cheyyar taluk whose primary occupation has been the making of namakatti for more than hundreds of years now.
  • Namakatti is made up of the rich deposit of hydrous silicate minerals that form fine grain particles of clay.
  • The clay is processed and shaped in a finger like structure.
  • The production of namakatti depends on the climatic condition as it needs a lot of sunlight to dry.
  • It is used to adorn the foreheads of idols, men, and temple elephants as well as traditionally to treat stretch marks caused by by childbirth.
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.

The Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in which one of the following States in India?
  • a)
    Bihar
  • b)
    Gujarat
  • c)
    Karnataka
  • d)
    Assam
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Recently, the Gujarat State Board for Wildlife (GSBWL) deferred a decision on a proposal of the Gujarat State Minerals Development Corporation (GSDMA) seeking more land for “removing manganese dump” from the eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) of Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary in Panchmahal district.
  • It is located in Gujarat’s south-central part.
  • Vegetation: It contains Grasslands, water-borne plants, medicinal herbs, dry southern tropical rain forests, dry deciduous mixed and secondary forests, dry scrubs of the deciduous type.
  • Flora: Teak, mahua and bamboo thickets cover the length and breadth of the forest.
  • Fauna: Wild boars, nilgais (blue bull), jackals, hyenas, barking deer, sloth bears, and chausinghas (four-horned antelope) and leopards.
What are Eco-Sensitive Zones?
  • Land within 10 km of the boundaries of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are to be notified as eco-fragile zones or Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZ).
  • While the 10-km rule is implemented as a general principle, the extent of its application can vary.
  • Areas beyond 10-km can also be notified by the Union government as ESZs, if they hold larger ecologically important “sensitive corridors”.
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding Tharosaurus indicus:
  1. It is a short necked, plant-eating dinosaur.
  2. It is globally known as the oldest diplodocoid species.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Srishti Gupta answered
Statement 1: Tharosaurus indicus is a short necked, plant-eating dinosaur.

Tharosaurus indicus is indeed a short-necked, plant-eating dinosaur. It belonged to the group of dinosaurs known as sauropods, which were characterized by their long necks, small heads, and large bodies. Tharosaurus indicus specifically had a shorter neck compared to other sauropods, making it a distinctive species within this group. As a plant-eating dinosaur, it would have primarily fed on vegetation such as ferns, cycads, and conifers. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2: Tharosaurus indicus is globally known as the oldest diplodocoid species.

This statement is incorrect. Tharosaurus indicus is not known as the oldest diplodocoid species globally. Diplodocoids are a subgroup of sauropod dinosaurs that includes well-known species such as Diplodocus and Apatosaurus. Tharosaurus indicus, on the other hand, is not classified as a diplodocoid. It belongs to a different subgroup of sauropods called the titanosauriforms. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

Conclusion:

Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that statement 1 is correct, but statement 2 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option B - 2 only.

Consider the following statements regarding Aluminium third Rail Current Collector:
  1. This system provides electric power to a train through a conductor placed alongside the rails.
  2. It helps in reducing carbon footprint.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Prateek Kumar answered
Introduction:

The Aluminium third rail current collector is a system used to provide electric power to a train through a conductor placed alongside the rails. It is an innovative technology that offers several advantages, including reducing carbon footprint and improving the efficiency of train operations. Let's examine the given statements to determine their correctness.

Statement 1: This system provides electric power to a train through a conductor placed alongside the rails.

This statement is correct. The Aluminium third rail current collector system works by placing a conductor, typically made of aluminium, alongside the rails. The conductor is energized with electric power, which is then transferred to the train through a sliding contact. This contact, also known as a current collector, makes electrical contact with the conductor and collects the electric power required to run the train. By using this system, trains can be powered without the need for an onboard power source, such as an internal combustion engine.

Statement 2: It helps in reducing carbon footprint.

This statement is also correct. The use of Aluminium third rail current collector systems in trains helps in reducing the carbon footprint. By providing electric power to trains, the need for traditional fossil fuel-powered engines is eliminated. This reduces the emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, that contribute to climate change. Electrically powered trains are considered more environmentally friendly compared to diesel-powered trains, as they produce fewer emissions and pollutants during operation. Additionally, the use of electric power allows for the integration of renewable energy sources, further reducing the carbon footprint.

Conclusion:

Both statements are correct. The Aluminium third rail current collector system provides electric power to trains through a conductor placed alongside the rails, and it helps in reducing the carbon footprint by eliminating the need for fossil fuel-powered engines. This technology contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation system.

Mushkbudji Rice, which was recently seen in the news, is cultivated in:
  • a)
    Kerala
  • b)
    Andhra Pradesh
  • c)
    West Bengal
  • d)
    Kashmir valley
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Suresh Reddy answered
Recently, Mushkbudji Rice received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
  • It is short bold aromatic rice grown in higher reaches of Kashmir valley.
  • The cooked rice is unique and possesses a harmonious blend of taste, aroma and rich organoleptic properties.
  • It is mainly is grown in areas of Sagam, Panzgam and Soaf Shali of district Anantnag and Beerwah belt of district Budgam.
  • The consumption of aromatic rice in Kashmir has now been limited to special occasions, marriages, and festivals.
Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Index:
  1. It facilitates the construction and monitoring of portfolios in a cohesive and complete manner.
  2. The Rural Electrification Corporation Limited has secured a place in this Index.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Niharika Roy answered
Introduction:
The Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Index is a widely recognized global benchmark that tracks the performance of various equity markets. It is used by investors and fund managers to measure the performance of their portfolios and make investment decisions. In this question, we are asked to determine the correctness of two statements related to the MSCI Index.

Explanation:
Let's evaluate each statement separately:

Statement 1: It facilitates the construction and monitoring of portfolios in a cohesive and complete manner.
This statement is correct. The MSCI Index is designed to provide a comprehensive representation of the equity market in a particular country or region. It includes a broad range of companies from various sectors and industries, allowing investors to construct diversified portfolios. The index is regularly reviewed and rebalanced, ensuring that it remains representative of the underlying market.

Statement 2: The Rural Electrification Corporation Limited has secured a place in this Index.
This statement is also correct. The Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) is a government-owned financial institution in India that provides funding for rural electrification projects. REC is listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India. The MSCI Index includes companies that meet specific criteria such as market capitalization, liquidity, and free float, among others. If REC meets these criteria, it can be included in the MSCI Index.

Conclusion:
Both statements are correct. The MSCI Index facilitates the construction and monitoring of portfolios in a cohesive and complete manner. The Rural Electrification Corporation Limited has secured a place in this Index.

The South Lhonak Lake is located in:
  • a)
    Tripura
  • b)
    Sikkim
  • c)
    Ladakh
  • d)
    Arunachal Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
Recently, a glacial lake outburst flood in the South Lhonak Lake of Sikkim killed ten people and many Army personnel are missing.
  • Glacial lakes are large bodies of water that sit in front of, on top of, or beneath a melting glacier.
  • As they grow larger, they become more dangerous because glacial lakes are mostly dammed by unstable ice or sediment composed of loose rock and debris.
  • In case the boundary around them breaks, huge amounts of water rush down the side of the mountains, which could cause flooding in the downstream areas. This is called glacial lake outburst floods or GLOF.
  • It can be triggered by several reasons, including earthquakes, extremely heavy rains and ice avalanches
  • These lakes are also often found in steep, mountainous regions, which means landslides or ice avalanches can sometimes fall directly into the lakes and displace the water, causing it to over-top the natural dam and flood downstream
Key facts about South Lhonak Lake 
  • This lake in northern Sikkim is situated about 5,200 metres above sea level.
  • It formed due to the melting of the glacier.
  • It is a moraine-dammed glacial lake at the snout of South Lhonak glacier, Sikkim Himalaya.
  • It has become the largest and fastest-growing glacial lake in the state, with a glacial retreat of almost two kilometres in 46 years between 1962 and 2008. 
Hence option (b) is the correct answer.

Which one of the following best describes the term ‘Exclusome’, seen in the news recently?
  • a)
    A type of cellular membrane in plant cells
  • b)
    A circular DNA structure found in bacterial cells
  • c)
    A form of genetic material in prokaryotes
  • d)
    An organelle in mammalian plasma cells
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gowri Mehta answered
The term "bureaucracy" refers to a system of administration characterized by strict hierarchical structure, standardized procedures, and a focus on rules and regulations. This term is often used to describe large organizations or government agencies that have complex and rigid systems of management and decision-making.

Consider the following statements regarding PM Daksh Portal:
  1. It is a digital platform designed to empower persons with disabilities.
  2. It offers access to location-based skill training options.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sonal Gupta answered
PM Daksh Portal

The correct answer is option 'C' - Both 1 and 2.

Statement 1: It is a digital platform designed to empower persons with disabilities.

PM Daksh Portal is indeed a digital platform that has been specifically designed to empower persons with disabilities. The portal aims to provide a comprehensive range of services and facilities to persons with disabilities, ensuring their inclusivity and participation in various aspects of society. It serves as a one-stop solution for individuals with disabilities to access information, resources, and support.

Statement 2: It offers access to location-based skill training options.

This statement is also correct. PM Daksh Portal offers access to location-based skill training options for persons with disabilities. The portal provides a platform for individuals with disabilities to explore and enroll in various skill development programs and training courses that are available in their respective locations. By providing access to such skill training options, the portal aims to enhance the employability and economic independence of persons with disabilities.

Additional Information:

PM Daksh Portal is an initiative of the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. The portal is designed to address the specific needs and challenges faced by persons with disabilities and ensure their holistic development and inclusion in society.

Some key features and services offered by the PM Daksh Portal include:

1. Information and resources: The portal provides comprehensive information and resources related to disabilities, including rights, entitlements, schemes, and services available for persons with disabilities.

2. Skill development: As mentioned earlier, the portal offers skill development programs and training courses that are tailored to the needs of individuals with disabilities. These programs aim to enhance their employability and enable them to lead independent and fulfilling lives.

3. Employment opportunities: PM Daksh Portal also acts as a platform for connecting persons with disabilities to employment opportunities. It provides a database of job vacancies and facilitates the matching of skills and qualifications of individuals with disabilities with suitable job openings.

4. Assistive technologies: The portal provides information and access to assistive technologies and devices that can aid persons with disabilities in their daily lives and activities.

In conclusion, PM Daksh Portal is a digital platform designed to empower persons with disabilities by providing them with information, resources, skill training options, and employment opportunities. It is an important initiative in promoting inclusivity and ensuring the holistic development of individuals with disabilities.

Long Valley Caldera, recently seen in news, is located in:
  • a)
    Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountain
  • b)
    Kamchatka Peninsula
  • c)
    Alps Mountain
  • d)
    Atlas Mountains
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
More than 2,000 earthquakes were identified rumbling across the Long Valley Caldera in the last few years by scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
  • It is located in the Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, United states of America (USA).
  • It is a dormant super volcano.
  • It was formed by a super-eruption about 760,000 years ago that blasted 140 cubic miles of magma, covering much of east-central California in hot ash that was blown as far away as present-day Nebraska.
  • It has been unleashing earthquake swarms on a regular basis since 1978, raising concerns that it might be at risk of erupting.
What is Caldera?
  • It is a depression created after a volcano releases the majority of the contents of its magma chamber in an explosive eruption.
  • Without any structural support below, the land around the erupting volcanic vent or vents collapses inwardly, creating the bowl-shaped caldera.
  • A caldera-causing eruption is the most devastating type of volcanic eruption.
  • These are formed by the inward collapse of a volcano. 
  • Calderas may have parts of their sides missing because land collapses unevenly.
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.

‘Lorrainosaurus’, seen in the news recently, is a fossil of:
  • a)
    prehistoric fish
  • b)
    ancient Jurassic dinosaur
  • c)
    giant marine reptile from the Middle Jurassic era
  • d)
    largest amphibian ever found
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Jhanvi Kumar answered
It is difficult to predict the exact outcome of a hypothetical scenario, but it is likely that the world would experience significant economic and social upheaval. The United States plays a major role in the global economy, and its collapse would likely lead to a domino effect, causing other countries to experience economic downturns as well. This would result in widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.

Additionally, the United States is a major world power and its collapse would create a power vacuum, potentially leading to conflicts and geopolitical instability. Other countries may try to assert their influence and fill the void left by the United States, leading to increased tensions and the potential for war.

Furthermore, the collapse of the United States would have far-reaching consequences in terms of global governance and international cooperation. The US is a key player in many international organizations and treaties, and its collapse would undermine the effectiveness and legitimacy of these institutions. It would also challenge the notion of American exceptionalism and the belief in the stability and resilience of democratic systems.

Overall, the collapse of the United States would have profound and wide-ranging impacts on the global stage, affecting everything from the economy to politics to social norms. It would be a highly disruptive and transformative event that would reshape the world order as we know it.

Consider the following statements regarding Betelgeuse star:
  1. It is a semi regular variable red supergiant star.
  2. It is located in the Orion constellation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Upsc Toppers answered
Scientists resolve the mystery behind sudden dimming of supergiant Betelgeuse star and dismissed theories that suggested that the star might be entering the last stage of its evolution.
  • It is a red supergiant star with a distinctive orange-red hue.
  • It is roughly 10 million years old and is much younger than Sun.
  • It is around 700 light-years away from the Earth.
  • It is located in the Orion constellation.
  • It is particularly easy to spot because of its brightness; it is often the tenth-brightest star in the sky.
  • It is also one of the largest stars visible to the unaided eye.
  • While it is large and bright, Betelgeuse isn't actually that hot, with a surface temperature of about 6,000 degrees Fahrenheit (over 3,300 degrees Celsius).
  • Betelgeuse has been classified as a "semiregular variable star," which is a type of variable star that periodically waxes and wanes in brightness and occasionally undergoes irregular light changes.
  • Betelgeuse, typically, has a 400-day cycle as well as a longer cycle that stretches about 5 years.
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding SIM-Swap Scam, recently seen in the news:
  1. In the SIM-Swap Scam, fraudsters are able to obtain passwords and OTPs that allow them to access their targets' bank accounts.
  2. Fraudsters always require direct communication with the victims to carry out a SIM-Swap Scam.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anoushka Reddy answered
Explanation:
The correct answer is option A: 1 only.

Statement 1: In the SIM-Swap Scam, fraudsters are able to obtain passwords and OTPs that allow them to access their target's bank accounts.

Explanation:
In a SIM-Swap Scam, fraudsters manipulate the telecommunication company's customer support to transfer the victim's phone number to a SIM card controlled by the fraudster. Once the fraudster gains control of the victim's phone number, they can intercept any calls or messages sent to that number, including passwords and One-Time Passwords (OTPs) used for authentication.

By obtaining the victim's passwords and OTPs, the fraudster can gain unauthorized access to the victim's bank accounts and carry out fraudulent transactions. This scam is particularly dangerous as it bypasses traditional security measures like passwords and two-factor authentication.

Therefore, statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2: Fraudsters always require direct communication with the victims to carry out a SIM-Swap Scam.

Explanation:
Statement 2 is incorrect. Fraudsters do not always require direct communication with the victims to carry out a SIM-Swap Scam. In fact, they often carry out the scam without the victim's knowledge or involvement.

The fraudster typically contacts the victim's telecommunication company's customer support posing as the victim and provides false information to convince them to transfer the victim's phone number to a new SIM card. This can be done through various means such as impersonating the victim, using social engineering techniques, or obtaining personal information through data breaches.

Once the SIM card is swapped, the fraudster can hijack the victim's phone number and intercept any calls, messages, or OTPs sent to that number. The victim may not realize that their phone number has been compromised until they notice unauthorized transactions or loss of access to their accounts.

Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.

In conclusion, only statement 1 is correct. Fraudsters in a SIM-Swap Scam can obtain passwords and OTPs to access their target's bank accounts, but they do not always require direct communication with the victims to carry out the scam.

Which of the following best describes Hostile Activity Watch Kernel (HAWK) system, recently seen in the news?
  • a)
    It is a Cloud Based Information Management System to manage wildlife crime.
  • b)
    It is a system to identify phishing activities.
  • c)
    It is a radar system developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation.
  • d)
    It is a new system to monitor cryptocurrency transactions.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Pallavi Rane answered
The correct answer is option 'A': It is a Cloud Based Information Management System to manage wildlife crime.

Explanation:
The Hostile Activity Watch Kernel (HAWK) system is a cloud-based information management system that has been recently in the news. This system is primarily designed to manage wildlife crime. Let's understand more about this system and its significance.

1. Introduction to HAWK system:
The HAWK system is an advanced software tool developed to combat wildlife crime. It serves as a comprehensive information management system that aids in the prevention, detection, and investigation of various forms of wildlife crimes.

2. Objective of HAWK system:
The main objective of the HAWK system is to strengthen the enforcement against wildlife crimes. It provides a platform for better coordination and collaboration among various stakeholders involved in combating wildlife crimes, such as law enforcement agencies, wildlife departments, and conservation organizations.

3. Features of HAWK system:
The HAWK system incorporates several key features to effectively manage wildlife crime. Some of these features include:

- Data management: It enables the storage, organization, and analysis of vast amounts of data related to wildlife crime. This includes information on poaching incidents, illegal trade, wildlife trafficking networks, and more.

- Reporting and analysis: The system generates comprehensive reports and analysis based on the collected data. This helps in identifying patterns, trends, and hotspots of wildlife crime, thereby facilitating targeted interventions.

- Visualization tools: The HAWK system utilizes advanced visualization tools, such as maps, charts, and graphs, to present data in a user-friendly manner. This enhances the understanding of complex information and enables informed decision-making.

- Collaboration and information sharing: The system allows for seamless collaboration and information sharing among different agencies and departments involved in wildlife crime prevention. This promotes coordination and synergy in their efforts.

4. Significance of HAWK system:
The HAWK system plays a crucial role in addressing wildlife crime, which poses a significant threat to biodiversity and ecological balance. By providing a centralized platform for information management and analysis, it empowers law enforcement agencies and other stakeholders to take proactive measures against wildlife crime. It helps in identifying key areas of concern, deploying resources effectively, and conducting targeted operations to disrupt wildlife trafficking networks.

In conclusion, the Hostile Activity Watch Kernel (HAWK) system is a cloud-based information management system primarily designed to manage wildlife crime. It offers various features such as data management, reporting and analysis, visualization tools, and collaboration capabilities to enhance the effectiveness of wildlife crime prevention and investigation efforts.

Consider the following statements regarding Graphite:
  1. It is crystalline carbon formed by the sediments containing carbonaceous material.
  2. It is a good conductor of electricity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Valor Academy answered
Recently, China has unveiled plans to restrict exports of graphite — a mineral crucial to the manufacture of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) — on national security grounds.
  • It is an opaque, non-metallic carbon polymorph that is blackish silver in colour and metallic to dull in sheen.
  • Since it resembles the metal lead, it is also known colloquially as black lead or plumbago.
  • It is formed by the metamorphosis of sediments containing carbonaceous material.
  • It is a naturally occurring form of crystalline carbon.
  • It is extremely soft, cleaves with very light pressure, and has a very low specific gravity.
  • In contrast, it is extremely resistant to heat and nearly inert in contact with almost any other material.
  • These extreme properties give it a wide range of uses in metallurgy and manufacturing.
  • It is a good conductor of electricity.
  • Molecular structure
  • It consists of a ring of six carbon atoms closely bonded together hexagonally in widely spaced layers.
  • The bonds within the layers are strong but the bonds between the layers are less in number and therefore are weaker.
  • Graphite is the stable form of carbon.
  • Applications: It is used in pencils, lubricants, crucibles, foundry facings, polishes, arc lamps, batteries, brushes for electric motors, and cores of nuclear reactors.
  • It is mined extensively in China, India, Brazil, North Korea, and Canada.
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding Gond painting:
  1. It is a folk art of a tribal community from central India.
  2. It is strictly based on spiritual and mythological themes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Recently, during the BRICS meeting Prime Minister of India gifted Gond painting to the Brazilian president Lula da Silva.
  • It is a famous folk art of the Gond tribal community of central India.
  • It is done to preserve and communicate the culture of the Gond tribal community.
  • Themes: Gond tribes are highly interlinked with nature and this appears in their paintings too they include animals, mahua tree, mythological stories, Hindu gods, Local deities and folktales etc.
  • The artist uses his distinctive pattern and style to fill the images these style signatures are used in collage to make a complete picture such as Dots, fine Lines, Curved Lines, Dashes Fish Scales etc.
Key facts about Gond Tribe
  • The Gonds are the largest Adivasi Community in India and can be traced to the pre-Aryan era.
  • The word Gond comes from Kond, which means green mountains.
  • They are a heterogeneous group spreading over large areas from the Godavari gorges in the south to the Vindhya Mountains in the north.
  • They live in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha.
  • The majority speak various mutually unintelligible dialects of Gondi.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.

Consider the following statements regarding the 54EC bonds:
  1. They are fixed income instruments which provide capital gains tax exemption.
  2. They have a fixed lock-in period of 5 years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Recently, REC Limited, the Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise launched a SUGAM RECmobile application.
  • It is exclusively for current and future investors in REC’s 54EC Capital Gain Tax Exemption Bonds.
  • Investors will be able to download their e-bond certificatesapply for fresh investment, download important forms related to updating of KYC, and also connect with REC’s Investor Cell via call / email / WhatsApp.
What are 54EC bonds?
  • These are also known as Capital gain bonds are fixed income instruments which provide capital gains tax exemption under section 54EC to the investors. 
  • These bonds allow an assessee/investor to save income tax on long-term capital gain by investing the gains.
  • The investment into these bonds has to be made within 6 months from the date of long-term capital gain.
  • They have a fixed lock-in period of 5 years and can be either held in Physical or Demat form.
  • They are issued by various institutions managed by the Government of India to finance specific capital projects.
  • They are called 54EC bonds because the taxability benefits of these bonds are mentioned under section 54EC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. 
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding the Ruddy Shelduk:
  1. It is known as Brahminy duck in India.
  2. It is found only in the Indian subcontinent.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sanjay Rana answered
The first batch of about 50 members of the Ruddy Shelduk, popularly known as ‘Surkhab’ birds, arrived in Uttarakhand for a six month winter stay. 
  • It (Tadorna ferruginea) belongs to the family Anatidae under the order Anseriformes.
  • In India, it is known as the Brahminy duck.
  • It is distributed in Europe, Asia, Indian Subcontinent and a few pockets in Africa.
    These ducks are migratory birds.
  • They arrive in winter in the Indian Subcontinent, South India and Southeast Asia.
  • They inhabit large wetlands, salt lakes, crater lakes, rivers with mud flats and shingle banks.
  • It is a mainly nocturnal bird.
  • It is omnivorous and feeds on grasses, the young shoots of plants, grain and water plants as well as both aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.
  • They are no sitting ducks; they scale the mighty Himalayas when flying to India from the north attaining heights of 6,800 metres.
  • Conservation status
  • IUCN : Least Concern
Hence only statement 1 is correct.

Consider the following statements regarding Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana:
  1. It was designed to stimulate the creation of new job opportunities.
  2. This scheme aimed to incentivise employment of unemployed individuals, including those who lost their jobs due to the pandemic.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

T.S Academy answered
The Central Government's innovative employment incentive scheme, the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana (ABRY), has exceeded its initial employment generation goals, showcasing its success in fostering job creation and recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • It was launched in 2020.
  • This was designed to stimulate the creation of new job opportunities by extending financial support to employers of establishments registered with the Employees' Provident Fund Organization (EPFO).
  • This scheme aimed to incentivize employment of unemployed individuals, including those who lost their jobs due to the pandemic, by covering both the employee and employer contributions (24% of wages) for establishments with up to 1000 employees.
  • For establishments with over 1000 employees, only the employee's EPF contributions (12% of wages) were covered in respect of new employees.
  • As of July 31, 2023, the ABRY has already achieved an enrolment of over 7.58 million new employees, surpassing its initial employment generation target.
  • Significance: It substantially contributed to the job market's revival, underscoring its role in boosting economic recovery during these challenging times.
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding the Siena Galaxy Atlas:
  1. It is a digital atlas created to understand universe through several galaxies.
  2. It was prepared by using the data from the Indian Astronomical Observatory of Hanle.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ipsita Iyer answered
Statement 1: The Siena Galaxy Atlas is a digital atlas created to understand the universe through several galaxies.

Statement 2: The data used to prepare the Siena Galaxy Atlas was taken from the Indian Astronomical Observatory of Hanle.

Explanation:
The Siena Galaxy Atlas is a digital atlas that provides a comprehensive view of the universe through various galaxies. It is a compilation of astronomical data and images collected from various observatories and telescopes around the world.

The first statement is correct because the Siena Galaxy Atlas is specifically designed to help scientists and astronomers gain a better understanding of the universe by studying galaxies. It provides detailed information about different galaxies, including their structures, compositions, and other important characteristics.

The second statement is incorrect because there is no mention of the Indian Astronomical Observatory of Hanle being the source of data for the Siena Galaxy Atlas. The atlas is a collaborative effort that utilizes data from multiple sources, including space telescopes like Hubble, ground-based observatories, and other astronomical databases.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.

Operation Nanhe Faristey, recently seen in the news, is an initiative of:
  • a)
    Ministry of Women and Child Welfare
  • b)
    Ministry of Education
  • c)
    Ministry of Science and Technology
  • d)
    Railway Protection Force
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Under Operation ‘Nanhe Faristey’, the Railway Protection Force (RPF) plays an important role in reuniting the children lost/separated due to several reasons from their family.
  • It was launched on Indian Railways and under this drive Children in need of care & protection who came in contact with Indian Railways were rescued and handed over to concerned authorities before being restored to their families.
Key facts about the Railway Protection Force
  • The history of the RPF dates back to 1882 when various Railway companies appointed their own guards for protection of Railway property.
  • It was declared as statutory force in the year 1957 by an enactment of Parliament and subsequently declared as an armed force of the Union of India in the year 1985.
  • In 2003, the RPF partially took up the duties of escorting of passenger trains and access control at the railway stations”.
  • It is led by a director-general.
  • It is an armed force under the operational and administrative control of the Union Ministry of Railways.
  • It is tasked with protecting and securing railway property, the passenger areas, and the passengers themselves.
Hence option (d) is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding the Red-necked phalarope:
  1. It is a small shorebird found in the coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean.
  2. It is a critically endangered species under the IUCN Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kiran Desai answered
Answer:

The correct answer is option 'A', i.e., only statement 1 is correct.

Explanation:

1. It is a small shorebird found in the coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean.
This statement is correct. The Red-necked phalarope is a small shorebird that is found in the coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean. It is known for its distinctive breeding plumage, which includes a reddish neck and upper body.

2. It is a critically endangered species under the IUCN Red List.
This statement is incorrect. The Red-necked phalarope is not classified as a critically endangered species under the IUCN Red List. In fact, it is listed as a species of "least concern" by the IUCN, which means that it is not currently at risk of extinction.

In conclusion, only statement 1 is correct, while statement 2 is incorrect. The Red-necked phalarope is a small shorebird found in the coastal regions of the Arctic Ocean, but it is not classified as a critically endangered species.

Consider the following statements regarding Little Ice Age:
  1. It was one of the coldest periods majorly impacted the North Atlantic region.
  2. It preceded the present period of warming that began in the late 19th century.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajesh Roy answered
The correct answer is option 'C' - Both 1 and 2. Both statements are correct and can be supported by scientific evidence and historical records.

1. It was one of the coldest periods majorly impacted the North Atlantic region:
The Little Ice Age refers to a period of cooling that occurred between the 14th and 19th centuries. It was characterized by unusually cold weather conditions, with lower temperatures than the preceding and following periods. The impacts of the Little Ice Age were most pronounced in the North Atlantic region, including areas such as Europe and North America. Historical records, such as diaries, paintings, and weather reports, indicate significant disruptions caused by the cold temperatures during this period. For example, there are records of harsh winters, failed harvests, and even the freezing of rivers and seas.

2. It preceded the present period of warming that began in the late 19th century:
The Little Ice Age was followed by a period of warming, which began in the late 19th century and continues to the present day. This period of warming is often referred to as the Modern Warm Period or the current era of global warming. The industrial revolution and the subsequent increase in greenhouse gas emissions are considered major factors contributing to this warming trend. Scientific studies have shown a correlation between the end of the Little Ice Age and the beginning of the present warming period. For example, temperature reconstructions based on proxy data such as ice cores, tree rings, and sediment cores indicate a gradual increase in temperatures since the late 19th century.

Overall, the Little Ice Age was a period of significant cooling that impacted the North Atlantic region, and it was followed by the current period of warming. These statements are supported by historical records and scientific studies, and they highlight the dynamic nature of Earth's climate system.

Consider the following statements regarding Laodracon carsticola, recently seen in the news:
  1. It is a newly discovered species of dragon lizard.
  2. It is endemic to northeast India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Dhruba Menon answered
Explanation:

Laodracon carsticola is a recently discovered species of dragon lizard. The given statements regarding this species are as follows:

1. It is a newly discovered species of dragon lizard.
This statement is correct. Laodracon carsticola is indeed a newly discovered species of dragon lizard. It was discovered in the Laojun Mountain of Yunnan Province, China. The discovery was made by a team of researchers led by Dr. Zongdi Xiang from the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The species was described in a research paper published in the journal Zootaxa in 2021.

2. It is endemic to northeast India.
This statement is incorrect. Laodracon carsticola is not endemic to northeast India. As mentioned earlier, it was discovered in China, specifically in the Laojun Mountain of Yunnan Province. Endemic species are those that are found exclusively in a particular geographic region and are not found naturally anywhere else in the world. In the case of Laodracon carsticola, it is endemic to China, not northeast India.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A: 1 only. Only the first statement is correct, while the second statement is incorrect. Laodracon carsticola is a newly discovered species of dragon lizard, but it is not endemic to northeast India.

With reference to Swamp deer, consider the following statements:
  1. It is found in open forests and grasslands of India and Nepal. 
  2. It is listed under the Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rashi Dey answered
< b="" />Statement 1: It is found in open forests and grasslands of India and Nepal.< />
The first statement is correct. The Swamp deer, also known as the Barasingha, is indeed found in the open forests and grasslands of India and Nepal. In India, it is primarily found in the wetlands and grasslands of the states of Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. In Nepal, it is found in the Terai region.

< b="" />Statement 2: It is listed under the Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list.< />
The second statement is also correct. The Swamp deer (Barasingha) is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list. Appendix I includes species that are threatened with extinction and are or may be affected by international trade. It provides the highest level of protection and prohibits commercial trade in these species.

< b="" />Explanation:< />
The Swamp deer, scientifically known as Rucervus duvaucelii, is a large deer species that inhabits marshy areas, wetlands, and grasslands. It is known for its impressive antlers, with mature males having up to 12 points on their antlers.

The species is primarily found in India and Nepal. In India, it is most commonly found in the Kanha National Park and the Satpura Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh, as well as in the Dudhwa National Park in Uttar Pradesh. In Nepal, it is found in protected areas like the Bardia National Park and the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve.

Due to habitat loss, poaching, and other factors, the Swamp deer population has declined significantly over the years. As a result, it is now listed as an endangered species. The international trade of Swamp deer or its body parts is strictly regulated under the CITES agreement. Appendix I listing ensures that the species is protected from unsustainable trade and exploitation.

In conclusion, both statements are correct. The Swamp deer is found in the open forests and grasslands of India and Nepal, and it is listed under Appendix I of the CITES list to ensure its conservation and protection.

Consider the following statements regarding Kasturi Cotton Bharat:
  1. It is a joint initiative by the Ministry of Textiles and the Cotton Corporation of India.
  2. The Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council is the implementing agency for Certification of this brand.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Recently, the Union Minister of Textile, Commerce & Industry, Consumer Affairs and Food & Public Distribution launched website of Kasturi Cotton Bharat.
  • It is a joint initiative by the Ministry of Textiles, the Cotton Corporation of India, Trade Bodies & Industry.
  • Objective: To work on the principle of self-regulation by owning complete responsibility of Branding, Traceability and Certification of Indian Cotton to enhance its’ competitiveness in the global market and create a sustainable ecosystem for all stakeholders involved.
  • The website provides a digital platform for necessary information and updates on this initiatives and highlights the registration process for ginners to produce Kasturi Cotton Bharat Brand.
  • All the ginners in the country have been empowered to produce Kasturi Cotton Bharat brand as per stipulated protocol.
  • Besides this, to provide complete traceability of Kasturi Cotton Bharat across the supply chain, QR based certification technology will be used at each stage of the processing and a blockchain based software platform will provide end to end traceability and transaction certificate.
  • The Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council (TEXPROCIL), the apex body ,has been designated as the implementing agency for Traceability, Certification and Branding of "KASTURI Cotton India".  
Hence both statements are correct.

Koyna Dam, recently seen in the news, lies in which state?
  • a)
    Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Maharashtra
  • c)
    Telangana
  • d)
    Tamil Nadu
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

< b="" />Introduction< />
Koyna Dam is a significant dam in India that has recently been in the news. It is important to know the state in which the dam is located.

< b="" />Location of Koyna Dam< />
The Koyna Dam is located in the state of Maharashtra.

< b="" />Importance of Koyna Dam< />
- The Koyna Dam is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra and is a crucial hydroelectric project in India.
- It is built on the Koyna River, which is a tributary of the Krishna River.
- The dam is a major source of hydroelectric power generation and provides irrigation water to nearby areas.
- It also plays a significant role in flood control and helps in regulating the flow of water during heavy rainfall.

< b="" />Recent News about Koyna Dam< />
While the specific news article or event related to Koyna Dam is not mentioned, it is important to note that the dam has been in the news for various reasons in the past.
Some of the recent news related to Koyna Dam include:
- Maintenance and repair works: The dam requires regular maintenance and repair works to ensure its structural integrity and operational efficiency. This could be one of the reasons for its recent mention in the news.
- Water level management: During periods of heavy rainfall or drought, the management of water levels in Koyna Dam becomes crucial. Any changes or decisions regarding the water levels can attract media attention.
- Environmental concerns: Dams, in general, attract attention due to their impact on the environment. Koyna Dam may have been in the news due to discussions or debates about its environmental impact, such as the displacement of local communities or the loss of biodiversity.

< b="" />Conclusion< />
The Koyna Dam is located in the state of Maharashtra. It is an important hydroelectric project and has been recently mentioned in the news for various reasons, including maintenance works, water level management, and environmental concerns.

Consider the following statements regarding Windfall Tax:
  1. It is a higher tax levied by the government on specific industries which experiences a sharp increase in revenue.
  2. It serves as a supplementary revenue stream for the government.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepa Iyer answered
The Indian government recently reimposed a windfall tax on domestic petroleum crude.
About Windfall Tax:
  • What is it? It is a higher tax levied by the government on specific industries when they experience unexpected and above-average profits.
  • When is it imposed?
  • When the government notices a sudden increase in an industry's revenue, they impose this tax.
  • However, these revenues cannot be linked to anything the company actively pursued, such as its business strategy or expansion.
  • Consequently, a Windfall Tax is imposed on an industry's profits when it experiences a sharp increase in revenue due to unrelated external events.
  • Rationale behind the imposition of windfall tax:
  • Redistribution of unexpected gains, when high prices benefit producers at the expense of consumers;
  • To fund social welfare schemes;
  • As a supplementary revenue stream for the government;
  • As a way for the Government to narrow the country’s widened trade deficit;
Hence both statements are correct.

SASTRA Ramanujan Prize, recently seen in the news, is awarded for the contribution in:
  • a)
    mathematics
  • b)
    literature and poetry
  • c)
    artificial intelligence
  • d)
    physics
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
Ruixiang Zhang, Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA will be awarded with the 2023 SASTRA Ramanujan Prize for his outstanding contributions in mathematics.
  • The prize was instituted in the year 2005.
  • It is awarded every year by the SASTRA University on its campus near Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu, on Ramanujan’s birth anniversary, December 22.
  • The prize is conferred annually to mathematicians from across the world who is less than 32 years of age, working in an area influenced by the Srinivasa Ramanujan.
  • The age limit is 32 years to commemorate the fact that Ramanujan accomplished a phenomenal body of work in this short span.
  • Cash prize: It carries a citation and an award of $10,000.
  • This award has gained global repute ever since it was instituted.
  • Other recipients: Manjul Bhargava and Akshay Venkatesh
Hence option (a) is the correct answer.

Rafah Border Crossing, recently seen in the news, is located:
  • a)
    south of the Gaza Strip
  • b)
    north of the Syria
  • c)
    west of North Korea
  • d)
    east of Ukraine
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rafah Border Crossing: South of the Gaza Strip

The correct answer is option 'A', which states that the Rafah Border Crossing is located south of the Gaza Strip. Let's delve into the details to understand why this is the correct answer.

About the Rafah Border Crossing
The Rafah Border Crossing is an important crossing point between the Gaza Strip and Egypt. It is the only land crossing point that is not controlled by Israel, making it a crucial gateway for the movement of people and goods in and out of Gaza.

Location
The Rafah Border Crossing is situated on the eastern border of the Gaza Strip, adjacent to the town of Rafah. Rafah is located in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, near the border with Egypt. The crossing itself is approximately 3 kilometers south of Rafah.

Importance of the Rafah Border Crossing
1. Humanitarian Aid: The Rafah Border Crossing plays a vital role in facilitating the movement of humanitarian aid into the Gaza Strip. It allows for the entry of essential goods, such as food, medicine, and fuel, which are crucial for the well-being of the population.

2. Travel and Transport: The crossing enables the movement of people between Gaza and Egypt, allowing Palestinians to visit family members, receive medical treatment, pursue education, and engage in business activities. It also serves as a transit point for Palestinians traveling to other countries.

3. Economic Activities: The Rafah Border Crossing is significant for economic activities, as it allows for the import and export of goods, supporting trade and commerce in the Gaza Strip. It provides an avenue for the export of agricultural produce and the import of construction materials, among other commodities.

Political Context
The control and operation of the Rafah Border Crossing have been subject to various political agreements and disputes. Historically, it was managed by Egyptian and Israeli authorities. However, since the Israeli disengagement from Gaza in 2005, the crossing has been primarily controlled by the Palestinian Authority and the Egyptian government, with occasional closures and restrictions imposed by Israel.

In conclusion, the Rafah Border Crossing is located south of the Gaza Strip, making it a crucial gateway for the movement of people and goods between Gaza and Egypt.

Consider the following statements regarding White Phosphorous:
  1. It is a highly combustible chemical that burns quickly when exposed to the air. 
  2. White phosphorus munitions are completely banned under international law.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Statement 1: It is a highly combustible chemical that burns quickly when exposed to the air.
Statement 2: White phosphorus munitions are completely banned under international law.

Explanation:
White phosphorus is a highly reactive and combustible chemical that is known for its ability to ignite spontaneously in air. It is a waxy, yellowish-white solid that is made up of phosphorus atoms arranged in tetrahedral structures. When exposed to air, white phosphorus reacts with oxygen and burns rapidly, producing a bright flame and releasing toxic fumes.

White phosphorus is used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers, detergents, and smoke bombs. It has also been historically used as a weapon in warfare. However, the use of white phosphorus as a weapon has raised ethical and humanitarian concerns due to its indiscriminate effects and potential for causing severe burns and long-term health effects.

Regarding the second statement, it is not entirely accurate to say that white phosphorus munitions are completely banned under international law. The use of white phosphorus as a weapon is regulated by international humanitarian law and certain treaties, but it is not prohibited in all circumstances.

The use of white phosphorus as an incendiary weapon against civilian populations or in a manner that causes excessive harm to civilians is prohibited under Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW). This protocol prohibits the use of incendiary weapons that are designed to set fire to objects or cause burn injuries to persons.

However, white phosphorus can still be used in certain circumstances, such as for creating smoke screens, marking targets, or providing illumination. It is important to note that the use of any weapon, including white phosphorus, must comply with the principles of proportionality and distinction, which require minimizing harm to civilians and distinguishing between combatants and non-combatants.

In conclusion, statement 1 is correct as white phosphorus is indeed a highly combustible chemical that burns quickly when exposed to air. However, statement 2 is incorrect as white phosphorus munitions are not completely banned under international law, but their use is regulated and restricted to certain purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - 1 only.

With reference to the BlueWalker 3 satellite, consider the following statements:
  1. It is prototype satellite deployed in the low-Earth orbit.
  2. It is owned by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Khatri answered
Recently, an international team of scientists have published a paper detailing the impact of the prototype BlueWalker 3 satellite on astronomy.
  • It is a prototype satellite, part of a satellite constellation planned by its owner AST SpaceMobile.
  • It was one of the brightest objects in the night sky, outshining all the brightest stars. 
  • It was launch in September 2022.
  • It is the largest-ever commercial communications array deployed in low-Earth orbit and is designed to communicate directly with cellular devices via 3GPP standard frequencies at 5G speeds.
  • It uses wavelengths close to those that radio telescopes observe in; the satellite could also hamper radio astronomy.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.

Sela Tunnel Project, recently seen in the news, is located in:
  • a)
    Assam
  • b)
    Himachal Pradesh
  • c)
    Arunachal Pradesh
  • d)
    Sikkim
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Khatri answered
The BRO officials recently said that nearly 96 percent of the work on the strategically crucial Sela Tunnel is complete, and it is likely to be inaugurated by year-end.
About Sela Tunnel Project:
  • Location: It is located in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
  • Once completed, the Sela tunnel will be the world's longest bi-lane tunnel at an altitude above 13,000 feet. 
  • It will ensure all-weather connectivity between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh.
  • It is being excavated below the Sela Pass on the NH-13 component of the Trans-Arunachal Highway system. 
  • It is being built by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) under Project Vartak and the tunnel's construction commenced on April 1, 2019.
  • Project Details:
  • Tunnel 1: This single-tube tunnel has a length of 980m.
  • Tunnel 2: This bi-lane tunnel has a length of 1555m. It includes one escape tube for emergencies.
  • RoadsApproach to Tunnel 1 is 7100m, the road between the two tunnels is 1340m, and theapproach to Tunnel 2 is 340 m long.
Hence option c is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements regarding Pygmy hog:
  1. It the smallest species of wild pig in the world.
  2. It is considered as an indicator species as its presence reflects the health of its habitat.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Priya Menon answered
Recently, eighteen captive-bred pygmy hogs were released in western Assam’s Manas National Park and Tiger Reserve.
  • It is the smallest and rarest species of wild pig in the world.
  • It is one of the very few mammals that build its own home, or nest, complete with a ‘roof’.
  • It is an indicator species as its presence reflects the health of its primary habitat.
  • Habitat: It prefers undisturbed patches of grassland dominated by early succession riverine communities, typically comprising dense tall grass intermixed with a wide variety of herbs, shrubs and young trees.
  • Currently, the viable population of this pig in the wild is in the Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam.
  • Conservation status:
  • IUCN: Critically Endangered
  • The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
Hence both statements are correct.

Consider the following statements regarding Earthquake swarm:
  1. It is a series of many low-intensity earthquakes formed without any main seismic activity.
  2. Magma movement inside the earth can act as a driving force for these swarms.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ruchi Banerjee answered
Earthquake Swarm:
An earthquake swarm refers to a series of many low-intensity earthquakes that occur in a specific region over a short period of time. These earthquakes are characterized by their relatively small magnitudes and lack of any main seismic activity, such as a large earthquake. Earthquake swarms can last for hours, days, or even months, and they can occur in various parts of the world.

Statement 1: It is a series of many low-intensity earthquakes formed without any main seismic activity.
This statement is correct. Earthquake swarms are defined by the absence of a main seismic activity or a significant earthquake. Instead, they consist of numerous smaller earthquakes that occur in succession. These earthquakes may have magnitudes ranging from barely perceptible to a few units on the Richter scale. The lack of a main seismic event differentiates earthquake swarms from typical earthquake sequences.

Statement 2: Magma movement inside the earth can act as a driving force for these swarms.
This statement is also correct. While the exact causes of earthquake swarms are still not fully understood, one possible driving force is the movement of magma inside the Earth's crust. Magma is molten rock that is present beneath the Earth's surface, and its movement can exert pressure on the surrounding rocks. This pressure can cause the rocks to fracture and generate seismic activity, leading to an earthquake swarm. However, it is important to note that earthquake swarms can also be caused by other factors, such as tectonic stress release or fluid movement.

Conclusion:
Both statements are correct. Earthquake swarms are a series of low-intensity earthquakes that occur without any main seismic activity. The movement of magma inside the Earth can act as a driving force for these swarms, although other factors can also contribute to their occurrence. Understanding earthquake swarms is important for studying seismic activity and assessing the potential risks associated with them.

Consider the following statements regarding Longpi Pottery:
  1. It is practiced by the Tangkhul Naga tribe of Manipur.
  2. It creates different pottery shapes using the potter’s wheel.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

T.S Academy answered
The G20 Summit witnessed a remarkable showcase of India's rich tribal heritage and craftsmanship, curated and presented by TRIFED (Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India), Ministry of Tribal Affairs. 
  • Longpi Pottery
  • Named after the village of Longpi in Manipur, the Tangkhul Naga tribes practice this exceptional pottery style.
  • Unlike most pottery, Longpi does not resort to the potter’s wheel.
  • All shaping is done with the hand and with the help of moulds.
  • The characteristic gray- black cooking pots, the stout kettles, quaint bowls, mugs and nut trays, at times with a handle of fine cane are trademarks of Longpi.
Hence only statement 1 is correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Which one of the following cities is located on the banks of the Musi River?
  • a)
    Lucknow
  • b)
    Bengaluru
  • c)
    Bhopal
  • d)
    Hyderabad
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The city located on the banks of the Musi River is Hyderabad.

Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana, is situated on the banks of the Musi River. The Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River, flowing through the Deccan Plateau. Let's explore some key details about Hyderabad and the Musi River.

Hyderabad:
- Hyderabad is a major city in southern India and serves as the capital of Telangana state.
- It is known for its rich history, culture, and architectural heritage.
- The city is renowned for its iconic landmarks such as the Charminar, Golconda Fort, and Qutub Shahi Tombs.
- Hyderabad is also a significant center for information technology, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical industries, earning it the nickname "Cyberabad."
- The city has a vibrant culinary scene, with its famous Hyderabadi biryani and Irani chai being popular delicacies.

Musi River:
- The Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River, flowing through the city of Hyderabad.
- It originates in the Anantagiri Hills near Vikarabad and traverses a distance of approximately 240 kilometers before joining the Krishna River at Vadapally in Nalgonda district.
- The river has played a crucial role in the history and development of Hyderabad, serving as a water source for irrigation and drinking purposes.
- However, over the years, the Musi River has faced significant pollution due to industrial waste and urban sewage, resulting in environmental concerns.

Importance of Musi River for Hyderabad:
- The Musi River has been a lifeline for the city of Hyderabad, providing water for irrigation and drinking purposes.
- It has played a significant role in the development of the city's agriculture and economy.
- The river also holds historical importance as it facilitated the establishment of Hyderabad as the capital of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad.
- However, the pollution of the Musi River has become a major challenge for the city, requiring concerted efforts for its restoration and conservation.

In conclusion, Hyderabad is the city located on the banks of the Musi River. The river has been an integral part of the city's history and development, serving as a water source and witnessing the growth of Hyderabad into a thriving metropolis.

Consider the following statements regarding Watermeal:
  1. It is a free-floating rootless aquatic plant. 
  2. It flourishes in temperate and tropical climate.  
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 only
  • b)
    2 only
  • c)
    Both 1 and 2
  • d)
    Neither 1 nor 2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Scientists are conducting groundbreaking research into the potential of watermeal, the world's smallest flowering plant, as a source of nutrition and oxygen for astronauts.
About Watermeal:
  • Watermeal is an aquatic plant in the Araceae family.
  • It is the smallest flowering plant in the world and appears as small green seeds. 
  • It is often referred to as "duckweed" because it is a favorite food of ducks.
  • Distribution:
  • It flourishes in temperate, sub-tropical, and tropical locations.  
  • They grow on the surface of lakes, ponds, and marshes.
  • Features:
  • It is a very tiny (less than 1 millimeter) light green, free-floating, rootless plant
  • It is branchless and also has no leaves.
  • It consists of a single, oval, or spherical frond that floats on the surface of still or slow-moving water bodies.
  • It also produces the world’s smallest fruit, called a utricle.
  • It is a nutritional powerhouse. It is a complete protein, meaning that it contains all nine essential amino acids.
  • In some cases, watermeal can become invasive and form dense mats that cover the entire surface of a water body.
Hence both statements are correct.

Ichhamati River, recently in news, is a trans-boundary river between India and:
  • a)
    Bangladesh
  • b)
    China
  • c)
    Bhutan
  • d)
    Pakistan
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The correct answer is option 'A', Bangladesh.

The Ichhamati River is a trans-boundary river that flows between India and Bangladesh. It is an important river in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India, and eventually joins the Hooghly River. Let us delve into the details of this river and its significance.

River Description:
The Ichhamati River originates from the Barasat District in West Bengal, India. It flows through the North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal before crossing the international border and entering Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, it is known as the Ichamati River. The river forms a natural border between India and Bangladesh for a significant stretch.

Trans-Boundary River:
The Ichhamati River is a trans-boundary river as it flows through both India and Bangladesh. Trans-boundary rivers are those that cross national boundaries, and they often require cooperation and management between the countries involved. In the case of the Ichhamati River, India and Bangladesh need to work together to ensure the sustainable use of its water resources and to address any issues related to its flow and management.

Importance:
The Ichhamati River holds great importance for both India and Bangladesh due to its role in irrigation, agriculture, and as a waterway. It is a lifeline for the people residing along its banks as it provides water for irrigation, enabling agricultural activities and supporting the livelihoods of the local communities. Additionally, the river serves as a transportation route for goods and people, facilitating trade and commerce between the two countries.

Importance for Biodiversity:
The Ichhamati River also plays a crucial role in supporting the biodiversity of the region. The river and its surrounding wetlands provide habitats for various species of flora and fauna. The riverine ecosystem supports a diverse range of aquatic plants, fish, and other aquatic organisms. It also attracts migratory birds, making it an important site for birdwatching and conservation.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Ichhamati River is a trans-boundary river that flows between India and Bangladesh. It is of great significance for both countries, serving as a source of water for irrigation, supporting agriculture, and facilitating trade and transportation. The river's ecosystem also contributes to the biodiversity of the region. Cooperation and management between India and Bangladesh are essential to ensure the sustainable use of the river's resources and address any challenges related to its flow and management.

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