All questions of Union Executive (The President & Vice-President) for UPSC CSE Exam

To be eligible for election as President of India, a person must be a citizen of India and have completed the age of 35 years. Additionally, the person must be qualified for election as a Member of the Lok Sabha and must not be holding any office of profit under the Government.

The President can be removed from office before the expiry of their term by a process involving an absolute majority of the Rajya Sabha and a simple majority of the Lok Sabha, provided a 14 days' notice has been given.

The primary role of the President in terms of executing laws is to implement them. He ensures that the laws enacted by the legislature are carried out effectively.

Role of the Vice-President When the President is Unable to Discharge Functions
When a President is unable to fulfill their duties, the Vice-President plays a crucial role in ensuring continuity of governance. The correct answer is option 'B':
The Vice-President Takes Over as Acting President
Key Points to Understand:
- Constitutional Provision: The Constitution of India provides for the Vice-President to assume the responsibilities of the President when the latter is incapacitated due to illness, absence, or any other reason.
- Acting President: The Vice-President assumes the role of Acting President temporarily. This is crucial for maintaining the functioning of the executive branch of government.
- Duration of Acting Role: The Vice-President remains in this acting capacity until the President is able to resume their functions or until a new President is elected, in case of death or resignation.
- Limitations on Powers: While acting as President, the Vice-President wields the same powers as the President but is expected to act in accordance with the established protocols and precedents.
- Significance of Stability: This provision ensures political stability and continuity in governance, preventing any power vacuum that may arise from the President's inability to perform their duties.
Conclusion:
In summary, the Vice-President's role as Acting President is vital for the smooth functioning of the government. This mechanism allows for seamless transitions and upholds the integrity of the executive branch during times of uncertainty.

The Union Executive in India consists of the President, Vice President, Council of Ministers, and the Attorney General of India. The Chief Minister is part of the State Executive, not the Union Executive.

The executive head of the state in India is the President. The President holds significant powers and responsibilities in the government structure.

Schedule VII of the Indian Constitution deals with the division of powers between the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, outlining the subjects on which both the Union and the States can legislate.

The President's term of office in India is five years. The President is eligible for re-election.

The President's power to grant pardons, reprieves, and commutations is not subject to any specific restrictions. However, he can only pardon a sentence in certain cases, such as sentences of death.

A national emergency can be declared by the President due to external aggression or armed rebellion. The other two types of emergencies are financial emergency and emergency due to the failure of constitutional machinery in a state.

The President's primary responsibility regarding bills passed by the Parliament is to approve them by giving their assent. The President's assent is necessary for a bill to become a law.

When bills are passed by the Parliament, they are submitted to the President for their assent. The President has the power to either approve the bill, send it back to the Parliament for reconsideration, or veto it.

The administrative functions of the Indian government are carried out by the Council of Ministers, with the Prime Minister as its head. The President is the formal head of the administration.

The President of India holds office for a term of five years. The President is eligible for re-election.

The President can issue a proclamation of emergency in case of external aggression, internal disorder, failure of the constitutional machinery in the States, or a threat to financial stability.

The process of impeaching the President can be initiated by either House of Parliament. The charges must be in the form of a resolution signed by one-fourth of the total strength of the house and must be passed by two-thirds of the total membership of the House.

In case of a vacancy arising due to causes other than the expiration of the term, an election to fill the vacancy must be held as soon as possible, and in no case later than six months from the date of occurrence of the vacancy.

The Vice-President of India serves as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Parliament. The Vice-President's role includes presiding over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha.

The President of India represents India in international affairs, appoints and receives ambassadors, and makes agreements and treaties with other countries in his name, subject to ratification by Parliament.