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All questions of Cause & Effect for UPSC CSE Exam

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The performance of Indian sports persons in the recently held Olympics could not reach the level of expectation the country had on them.

II. The performance of Indian sports person in the last Asian games was far better than any previous games.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gayatri Reddy answered
The relationship between the two statements suggests that they are not directly cause and effect of each other, but rather, they might both be effects of some common underlying causes or conditions. Statement I talks about the underperformance of Indian sports persons in the Olympics, and Statement II highlights their better performance in the last Asian Games.
These differing performances in two major sports events could be attributed to several common factors such as the level of competition, preparation and training of athletes, support from sports authorities, and the athletes' experience and exposure to international competitions. Therefore, it does not seem that one statement is the cause of the other; instead, they both might reflect broader issues or successes in the sports ecosystem of the country.
The correct answer choice is:
(B) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
Statements:
I. 
Large number of Primary Schools in the rural areas is run by only one teacher.

II. There has been a huge dropout from the primary schools in rural areas.
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding the Relationship Between the Statements
The relationship between the two statements can be analyzed to determine causality.
Statement I: Large number of Primary Schools in the rural areas is run by only one teacher.
- This indicates a resource constraint in rural education, where insufficient staffing can lead to challenges in effectively teaching students.
Statement II: There has been a huge dropout from the primary schools in rural areas.
- This highlights a significant issue where students are leaving school before completing their education, pointing to potential underlying causes affecting student retention.
Identifying the Cause and Effect
- The key to understanding why option 'A' is correct lies in the connection between inadequate staffing and student dropout rates.
- When schools are managed by only one teacher, it can limit the quality of education and attention each student receives.
- This scenario can lead to students feeling unsupported, resulting in lower engagement and higher dropout rates.
Conclusion
- Therefore, we can conclude that Statement I (the lack of teachers) is causing the effect seen in Statement II (the high dropout rates).
- This is why option 'A' is the correct choice: "If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect."
In summary, the shortage of teachers directly impacts the educational environment, leading to high dropout rates in rural primary schools.

Directions to Solve

Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.

Mark answer

  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.

Question -

Statements:

I.  Importance of Yoga and exercise is being realized by all sections of the society.

II.There is an increasing awareness about health in the society particularly among middle ages group of people..
a)Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
b)Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
c)Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
d)Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
e)Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Dipika Basu answered
As the awareness about health in the society is increasing particularly among middle-aged group of people, the importance of Yoga and exercise is being realized by all sections of the society.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I.  
Rural and semi-urban areas in the country have been suffering due to load-shedding for quite some time.

II. If the Government is not able to overcome the power crisis, load-shedding will be extended even to the urban areas.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Ahuja answered
If certain preventive measures are practiced at the rural and semi urban areas the problem will be solved. But if the same is not practiced even at the cities the problem may roll into the city also, so the two effects are of some common cause.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The government has allowed private airline companies in India to operate to overseas destinations.

II.The national air carrier has increased its flights to overseas destinations.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshmi Nair answered
Since the Government has allowed private airline companies in India to operate to overseas, so the national air carrier has increased its flights to overseas destinations.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
Statements:
I. 
The prices of food grains and other essential commodities in the open market have risen sharply during the past three months.

II.The political party in opposition has given a call for general strike to protest against the government's economic policy.
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshmi Nair answered
Since the prices of food grains and other essential commodities in the open market have been raised sharply during the past three months, so the political party in opposition has given a call for general strike to protest against the government's economic policy.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
Statements:
I. 
Police resorted to lathi-charge to disperse the unlawful gathering of large number of people.

II. The citizens' forum called a general strike in protest against the police atrocities.
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

As, police resorted to lathi-charge to disperse the unlawful gathering of large number of people, the citizens forum called a general strike against the police atrocities.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The farmers have decided against selling their Kharif crops to the Government agencies.

II.The Government has reduced the procurement price of Kharif crops starting from the last month to the next six months.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
Since the government has reduced the procurement price of Kharif crops starting from the last months to the next six months, therefore, the farmers have decided against selling their Kharif crops to the Government agencies.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
Statements:
I. 
The university officers have decided to conduct last examination every year in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time.

II.In past the result was declared late by the University due to the lack of number of examiners.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rashi Nambiar answered
Since in the past the result was declared late by university, it has decided to conduct the examination in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I.  
Many people in the area are reported to be suffering from Malaria.

II. Private Medical Practitioners in the area have decided to close their clinics for few days.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding the Relationship between the Statements
To analyze the statements, we need to determine if they are causally related, independent, or effects of a common cause.
Statement I: Malaria Suffering
- Many people in the area are reported to be suffering from Malaria.
- This indicates a health crisis affecting the community.
Statement II: Closure of Clinics
- Private Medical Practitioners in the area have decided to close their clinics for a few days.
- This decision may stem from various reasons, including safety concerns, lack of patients, or a response to the malaria situation.
Evaluating the Relationship
- Independent Causes: The two statements can be seen as effects of different issues. The rise in malaria cases does not necessarily cause clinics to close; practitioners might be responding to other factors such as safety, staff illness, or the potential for spreading infection.
- Effects of Independent Causes: It is plausible that high malaria rates could lead to clinic closures, but it’s also possible that the clinics are closing for reasons unrelated to malaria, such as holidays or administrative decisions.
Conclusion
Given the context, both statements appear to be effects of independent causes. The malaria issue does not directly necessitate the closure of clinics, and the reasons behind the closure might not be entirely linked to the health crisis. Thus, option (D) is the most accurate representation of the relationship between the two statements.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I.  
The literacy rate in the district has been increasing for the last four years.

II. The district administration has conducted extensive training programme for the workers involved in the literacy drive.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Janhavi Mishra answered
As the district administration has conducted extensive training programme for the workers involved in the literacy drive, therefore, the literacy in the district has been increasing for the last four years.

Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
  • A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Statements:
  1. The car manufacturing companies have recently increased the prices of mid-sized cars.
  2. The Government recently increased the duty on mid-sized cars.
 
A.Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
B.Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
C.Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
D.Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
E.Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Since the government has recently increased the duty on mid-sized cars, therefore, the car manufacturing companies have recently increased the prices of mid-sized cars.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The Government has imported large quantities of sugar as per trade agreement with other countries.

II. The prices of sugar in the domestic market have fallen sharply in the recent months.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Lakshmi Nair answered
Since the Government has imported large quantities of sugar as per trade agreement with other countries, therefore, the prices of the sugar in the domestic market have fallen sharply in the recent months.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
There was a huge rush of people to the temple last Sunday the 15
th
of the month.

II.The temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17
th
of the month.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Goyal answered
Since the temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17th of the month, hence, there was a huge rush of people to the temple last Sunday the 15th of the month.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The State Government has announced special tax package for the new industries to be set-up in the State.

II.Last year the State Government had hiked the taxes for all industrial activities in the State.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Because due to hike of taxes last year the State Government has announced special tax package the new industries to be set up in the State.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.

II.The small banks in the private and co-operative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

As, the small banks in the private and co-operation sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector, therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
 
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
 
Statements:
I. 
The vegetable prices in the local market have increases manifold during the past few days.

II.Incessant rains have created flood like situation in most rural parts of the State.
 
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Manoj Mehta answered
The transportation gets effect due to the flood created by incessant rains in the most rural parts of State.
Therefore, on account of this, it is possible to increase the vegetable prices in the local market.

Directions to Solve
Below in each of the questions are given two statements I and II. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statements. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark answer
  • (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • (C) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • (D) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Question -
Statements:
I.  
All the schools in the area had to be kept closed for most part of the week.

II. Many parents have withdrawn their children from the local schools.
  • a)
    Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
  • b)
    Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
  • c)
    Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
  • d)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
  • e)
    Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Puja Basu answered
Keeping school closed and withdrawing students from school by parents seems to be effect of  relating causes. Something might have happened which can lead to pertaining of such a effect.
Thus, Both are related.
Hence, Option D is correct
 

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