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All questions of Body Fluids and Circulation for NEET Exam

Which of the following engulfs pathogens rapidly?
  • a)
    Basophils
  • b)
    Acidophils
  • c)
    Monocytes
  • d)
    Neutrophils
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vijay Bansal answered
Neutrophils are the type of WBCs which can engulf the pathogen rapidly. Neutrophils are more in number i.e. upto 60% of Total Leukocyte Count. They immediately engulf bacteria and viruses to destroy them by phagocytosis.

 Which of the following is a non-granulocyte?
  • a)
    Neutrophils
  • b)
    Monocytes
  • c)
    Basophils
  • d)
    Eosinophils
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Non-Granulocytes in Blood

Blood cells are divided into two groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes have granules in their cytoplasm and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Agranulocytes, on the other hand, lack granules and include lymphocytes and monocytes.

Non-Granulocyte

A non-granulocyte is simply an agranulocyte or a leukocyte that lacks granules in its cytoplasm. Monocytes are non-granulocytes and belong to the agranulocyte group of leukocytes.

Monocytes

Monocytes are the largest leukocytes in the blood, accounting for 2-8% of all leukocytes. They have a large kidney-shaped nucleus and are characterized by their ability to differentiate into macrophages, which are cells that engulf and digest foreign particles, dead cells, and cellular debris in the body.

Functions of Monocytes

Monocytes have several functions in the body, including:

1. Phagocytosis: Monocytes, when differentiated into macrophages, are capable of phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles, dead cells, and cellular debris in the body.

2. Antigen presentation: Monocytes play a crucial role in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells, which are responsible for activating the immune response.

3. Cytokine production: Monocytes produce cytokines, which are signaling molecules that regulate the immune response.

Conclusion

In conclusion, monocytes are non-granulocytes and belong to the agranulocyte group of leukocytes. They are characterized by their ability to differentiate into macrophages, which are cells that engulf and digest foreign particles, dead cells, and cellular debris in the body. Monocytes also play a crucial role in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells and producing cytokines.

Blood circulation take following course in heart of man :-
  • a)
    Left auricle - left ventricle - body - right auricle -right ventricle
  • b)
    Right auricle - left ventricle
  • c)
    Left auricle - left ventricle - lungs-right auricle -right ventricle
  • d)
    None of them
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
The blood pumped by the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. The deoxygenated blood pumped into the pulmonary artery is passed onto the lungs from where the oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. This pathway constitutes the pulmonary circulation. The oxygenated blood entering the aorta is carried by a network of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries to the tissues from where the deoxygenated blood is collected by a system of venules, veins and vena cava and emptied into the right atrium. This is the systemic circulation. The systemic circulation provides nutrients, O2 and other essential substances to the tissues and takes CO2 and other harmful substances away for elimination.
So, the correct answer is option A.

The blood during diastole :-
  • a)
    Leaves the heart
  • b)
    Enters the heart
  • c)
    Enters lungs
  • d)
    Leaves the ventricles
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajeev Saxena answered
Diastole This should really be called “ventricular diastole”, but don't worry about this for GCSE. During diastole the thick muscular walls of the ventricles relax. Again, this happens to both sides of the heart. The pressure of the blood in the ventricles falls low enough for the bicuspid valve to open.

The specialised patch of modified heart muscles from where contraction initiates, is/are :
  • a)
    Pacesetter of heart
  • b)
    both SAN and AVN together
  • c)
    Pacemaker of heart
  • d)
    none of these
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
  • The nodal musculature has the ability to generate action potentials without any external stimuli.
  • The number of action potentials that could be generated in a minute varies at different parts of the nodal system.
  • The SAN can generate the maximum number of action potentials and is responsible for initiating and maintaining the rhythmic contractile activity of the heart.
  • Therefore, it is called the pacemaker.

Which one of the following is correct?
  • a)
    Plasma = Blood − Lymphocytes
  • b)
    Neuron = Cyton + Dendron + Axon + Synapse
  • c)
    Lymph = Plasma + WBCs + RBCs
  • d)
    Blood = Plasma + RBCs + WBCs + Platelets
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajat Kapoor answered
It has four main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Blood has many different functions, including: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss.

 In human beings, the duration of the cardiac cycle is
  • a)
    8.0 second
  • b)
    0.5 second
  • c)
    0.8 second
  • d)
    0.08 second
Correct answer is 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohan Singh answered
Cardiac cycle a complex process which involves a sequence of activities and that too within 0.8 sec. The cardiac cycle consists of a systole and a diastole. The cardiac cycle begins with a joint diastole (relaxation of all four chambers of the heart).

Which of the following is not a granulocyte? [1997] 
  • a)
    Lymphocyte
  • b)
    Eosinophil
  • c)
    Basophil
  • d)
    Neutrophil
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

White blood cells are of two types : (i) Granulocytes (with granular cytoplasm) - neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. (ii) Agranulocytes (with clear cytoplasm)  - Lymphocytes and monocytes

The maximum surface area of the circulatory system is seen in
  • a)
    Heart
  • b)
    Capillaries
  • c)
    Arterioles
  • d)
    Veins
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
An adult human has been estimated to have some 60,000 miles (96,560 km) of capillaries with a total surface area of some 8001000 m2. The total volume of this system is roughly 5 liters, the same as the total volume of blood.

 Antigens are present
  • a)
    Inside the cytoplasm
  • b)
    Inside the nucleus
  • c)
    On the nuclear membrane
  • d)
    On the cell surface
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Ayush Joshi answered
Cell markers, also known as cell surface antigens, serve as monograms to help identify and classify cells. The majority of them are molecules or antigens within cell's plasma membrane. Unique to different cell types, there exist specific combinations of markers or antigens.

Blood enters the heart because muscles of the
  • a)
    Ventricles contract
  • b)
    Ventricles relax
  • c)
    Atria contract
  • d)
    Atria relax
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Geetika Shah answered
Atrial diastole is characterized by the relaxation of the atrial muscles. During this stage, the blood enters into the atria, as the volume of the blood in the atria increases the pressure within it decreases.
So, the correct answer is option D.

In the systemic circulation, blood vessel that carries blood from the intestine to liver is named :
  • a)
    Hepatic portal arch
  • b)
    none of these
  • c)
    Hepatic portal artery
  • d)
    Hepatic portal vein
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Naina Bansal answered
Lienal vein is an old term for splenic vein. The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents.

There is no DNA in: [2009]
  • a)
    mature RBCs
  • b)
    a mature spermatozoan
  • c)
    hair root
  • d)
    an enucleated ovum
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The chromatin material inside the nucleus is composed of DNA, some proteins and RNA. In fact it is DNA?protein complex basically. Thus, in an enucleated ovum, DNA will be absent. The mature RBCs, mature spermatozoan and root hair are nucleated, thus, contain DNA.

The life span of human W.B.C. is approximately [1997]
  • a)
    less than 10 days
  • b)
    between 20 to 30 days
  • c)
    between 2 to 3 months
  • d)
    more than 4 months
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Vishal Kumar answered
The life span of WBC ranges from 6 - 20 days, depending on the type, after which they are destroyed in the lymphatic system. When immature WBCs are first released from the bone marrow into the blood, they are called bands or stabs.

The course of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is called
  • a)
    Systemic circulation
  • b)
    Double circulation
  • c)
    Pulmonary circulation
  • d)
    Single circulation
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vipe Saga answered
The blood circulation from heart to lungs and back to heart is pulmonary circulation and the circulation between heart to tissue and back to heart is systematic circulation and both are included in double circulation.

What would be the cardiac output of a person having 72 heart beats per minute and a stroke volume of 50 ml?
  • a)
    360 ml
  • b)
    7200 ml
  • c)
    5000 ml
  • d)
    3600 ml
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajat Kapoor answered
 (d) Cardiac Output (i) The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute is called the cardiac output. It is 500 mL or 5 liters in a healthy individual. It is determined by multiplying the heart rate with the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle during each beat, which is called as stroke volume. Cardiac output = Heart rate x Stroke volume = 72 beats/min x 0.08 litre/beat = 5.5 litre/min (iii) Cardiac index is the minute volume per sq. m. of body surface area. Its normal value is 3.3 lit/min/sq.m. 

Heart of Man is :-
  • a)
    Myogenic
  • b)
    Neurogenic
  • c)
    Cardiogenic
  • d)
    Digenic
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rocky Handsome answered
The muscles of the human heart are stimulated to contract by nerve impulses generated by the Sino Atrial(SA) node. It is a cluster of cells which are part of the heart muscle.

•Hence the human heart is myogenic.

Compared to blood our lymph has: [2009]
  • a)
    plasma without proteins
  • b)
    more WBCs and no RBCs
  • c)
    more RBCs and less WBCs
  • d)
    no plasma
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Rajeev Sharma answered
Lymph is a mobile connective tissue comprising lymph plasma and lymph corpuscles. Its composition is just like blood plasma except that it lacks RBCs and large plasma proteins.

Rate of heart beat is under the control of :-
  • a)
    Autonomic nervous system
  • b)
    Vagus nerve
  • c)
    Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • d)
    None
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

M. Vishnu answered
Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic(involuntary) nervous system. Thesympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate.

Coronary heart disease is due to
  • a)
    Insufficient blood supply to the heart muscles
  • b)
    Weakening of the heart valves
  • c)
    Inflammation of pericardium
  • d)
    Streptococci bacteria
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Rohit Shah answered
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis. The buildup of plaque occurs over many years.

Which one of the following has an open circulatory system ? [2006]
  • a)
    Periplaneta
  • b)
    Hirudinaria
  • c)
    Octopus
  • d)
    Pheretima
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Harshitha Dey answered
Periplaneta (P. americana, the Indian Cockroach) is an insect & insects do not have closed blood circulation. Their blood (called haemolymph) even does not serve for respiration. They do not possess blood vessels in this circulatory system and hence it is an open system. Hirudinaria is a pure exception for having a closed circulatory system, even though it belongs to the phylum Annelida, which generally has an open circulatory system. 

Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO2) released from body tissues into the blood is present as [2011M]
  • a)
    bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs
  • b)
    free CO2 in blood plasma
  • c)
    70% carbamino- haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate
  • d)
    carbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhijeet Goyal answered
At the tissue site where partial pressure of CO2, is high due to catabolism, CO2, diffuses into blood (RBCs and plasma) and forms HCO2 and IT. At the alveolar site where pCO2, is low, the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction leading to the formation of CO2, and CO2. Thus, CO2, trapped as bicarbonate at the tissue level and transported to the alveoli is released out as CO2

Another term for heart attack is
  • a)
    Coronary thrombosis
  • b)
    Myocardial infarction
  • c)
    Cardiac arrest
  • d)
    Ischaemia
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Other terms used for a heart attack include myocardial infarction, cardiac infarction, and coronary thrombosis. An infarction is when the blood supply to an area is cut off, and the tissue in that area dies.

The cardiac pacemaker in a patient fails to function normally. The doctors find that an artificial pacemaker is to be grafted in him. It is likely that it will be grafted at the site of
  • a)
    Atrioventricular bundle [2004]
  • b)
    Purkinje system
  • c)
    Sinuatrial node
  • d)
    Atrioventricular node
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

User Right answered
Sinoatrial node is known as pacemaker of the heart. It helps in the generation and conduction of heart beat. It is located in the walls of the right atria just below the opening of superior venacva. The sympathetic nerves release the neurotransmitters and activates the SA node and generates electric impulse which is conducted as heart beat through out the heart. 

When the cardiac pacemaker in a patient fails to function normally a artificial pacemaker is implanted at the site of SA node. It is a medical device which uses electrical impulse, generated by electrodes to contract the heart muscles, and regulate the heart beat.

Which one of the following statements is incorrect ? [2006]
  • a)
    In insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues
  • b)
    The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals   
  • c)
    The principle of countercurrent flow facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes
  • d)
    The presence of non-respiratory air sacs, increases the efficiency of respiration in birds
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ujwal Basu answered
The residual air is the air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration. The residual air remains in the lungs. Hence, it has no effect on respiration efficiency in mammals. The presence of non-respiratory air sacs increases the efficiency of respiration in birds. These air sacs increase the metabolic rate in birds. In insects, circulating body fluids serve to distribute oxygen to tissues.  Countercurrent oxygen flow is the flow of blood through the gills in the opposite direction as the water flowing over the gills. This facilitates efficient respiration in gills of fishes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'The residual air in the lungs slightly decreases the efficiency of respiration in mammals.'

Blood plasma proteins :
i. decrease in their level causes excessive absorption of water from tissues into blood.
ii. they maintain osmotic pressure.
  • a)
    both are correct.
  • b)
    both are wrong
  • c)
    Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.
  • d)
    Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ishaan Menon answered
Let's analyze the statements about blood plasma proteins:
Statement i: "Decrease in their level causes excessive absorption of water from tissues into blood."
  • This statement is incorrect. A decrease in the level of blood plasma proteins would actually result in a decrease in osmotic pressure, leading to less water being drawn from tissues into the blood. Instead, it would cause water to accumulate in the tissues, leading to edema.
Statement ii: "They maintain osmotic pressure."
  • This statement is correct. Blood plasma proteins, especially albumin, play a crucial role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood.
Therefore, the correct option is:
      3. Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

Blood pressure is expressed as the ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure. What will be its value for a normal healthy adult?
  • a)
    40 mm Hg
  • b)
    30 mm Hg
  • c)
    70 mm Hg
  • d)
    50 mm Hg
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Tejas Chavan answered
Blood pressure is represented as the ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure. The value of normal healthy pulse pressure is 40 mm Hg.

Contraction of the ventricle in the heart begins by the command from [1999]
  • a)
    Chordae tendinae
  • b)
    S.A. node
  • c)
    Purkinje fibres
  • d)
    A. V. node
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

SA is the site of generation of the rhythmic cardiac impulse. AV node is a compact mass of  myogenic fibres which receives impulse from SA node and transmits it to ventricles. Purkinje fibres are in contact with the contractile muscles of the ventricular walls. Chordae tendinae are the muscles which keep the AV valves  in position.

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