Rate of heart beat is under the control of :-a)Autonomic nervous systemb)Vagus nervec)Glossopharyngeal nerved)NoneCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Answer

Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic(involuntary) nervous system. Thesympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) releases the hormones (catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine) to accelerate the heart rate.

Answer

The correct answer is option 'A' - Autonomic nervous system.

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for regulating various involuntary bodily functions, including the rate of heart beat. It controls the heart rate by influencing the sinoatrial (SA) node, which acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

Here is a detailed explanation of how the autonomic nervous system controls the heart rate:

1. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS):
The ANS is a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, digestion, respiration, and blood pressure. It consists of two main divisions: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).

2. Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS):
The SNS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, which prepares the body for action in stressful or dangerous situations. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate to provide more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles. The SNS releases norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which acts on the SA node to stimulate it and increase heart rate.

3. Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS):
The PNS is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, which promotes relaxation and recovery. It decreases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate to conserve energy. The PNS releases acetylcholine, which acts on the SA node to slow it down and decrease heart rate.

4. Vagus Nerve:
The vagus nerve, also known as the tenth cranial nerve, is the main nerve of the parasympathetic division. It innervates various organs, including the heart. When the vagus nerve is stimulated, it releases acetylcholine, which binds to receptors in the SA node and slows down the heart rate.

5. Glossopharyngeal Nerve:
The glossopharyngeal nerve is also involved in the parasympathetic control of the heart rate, but to a lesser extent compared to the vagus nerve. It innervates specific areas of the heart and can influence heart rate under certain conditions, such as during swallowing or other reflex responses.

In conclusion, the rate of heart beat is primarily under the control of the autonomic nervous system, specifically through the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division increases heart rate, while the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate. The vagus nerve, a part of the parasympathetic division, plays a significant role in regulating the heart rate by releasing acetylcholine. The glossopharyngeal nerve also contributes to parasympathetic control, but to a lesser extent.

Answer

Autonomous nervous system controls heart beats

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