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All questions of The Vedic Period for UPSC CSE Exam
A God who is described amoral, and object of fear, archer god whose arrow caused disease, connected with the storm, and the guardian of healing herbs, is known as:- a)Yama
- b)Varuna
- c)Indra
- d)Rudra
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A God who is described amoral, and object of fear, archer god whose arrow caused disease, connected with the storm, and the guardian of healing herbs, is known as:
a)
Yama
b)
Varuna
c)
Indra
d)
Rudra
|
Sanchita Singh answered |
Rudra is a Rigvedic deity, associated with wind or storm and the hunt. One translation of the name is "the roarer". In the Rigveda, Rudra has been praised as the "mightiest of the mighty".Rudra is the personification of 'terror'. Depending up on the periodic situation, Rudra can be meant as the most severe roarer/howler (could be a hurricane or tempest) or the most frightening one.According to Rigveda, Rudra also means Vayu.The Shri Rudram hymn from the Yajurveda is dedicated to Rudra, and is important in the Saivism sect.
Consider the following statements regarding the administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig Vedic period:1. The king, referred to as Rajan, often had his post decided by heredity, but there are traces of election by the tribal assembly called the Samiti.2. The Sabha and the Samiti were the two most important assemblies mentioned in the Rig Veda, and even women attended these assemblies.3. The king maintained a regular standing army, and military duties were performed by a dedicated group of professional soldiers.- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding the administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig Vedic period:
1. The king, referred to as Rajan, often had his post decided by heredity, but there are traces of election by the tribal assembly called the Samiti.
2. The Sabha and the Samiti were the two most important assemblies mentioned in the Rig Veda, and even women attended these assemblies.
3. The king maintained a regular standing army, and military duties were performed by a dedicated group of professional soldiers.
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Varun Dasgupta answered |
Understanding the Administrative Machinery of Aryans
The statements regarding the administrative machinery of the Aryans during the Rig Vedic period provide insights into their political structure and social organization. Here's a detailed breakdown:
Statement 1: The Role of the King
- The king, known as Rajan, did have a hereditary position, indicating a lineage-based leadership.
- However, there are also indications that the king could be elected by the tribal assembly called the Samiti, reflecting a democratic element in their governance.
- Conclusion: This statement is true.
Statement 2: Assemblies in the Rig Veda
- The Sabha and the Samiti were indeed two crucial assemblies during the Rig Vedic period.
- These assemblies played significant roles in decision-making and governance, and it is believed that women could participate in these gatherings, showcasing a more inclusive society.
- Conclusion: This statement is also true.
Statement 3: Military Structure
- Contrary to the notion of a regular standing army, the Rig Vedic period did not have professional soldiers. Instead, military duties were often performed by the clansmen or warriors during times of need.
- The concept of a dedicated group of professional soldiers emerged later in Indian history.
- Conclusion: This statement is false.
Final Assessment
- Since statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is not, the correct answer is option B (1 and 2 only). This indicates a nuanced understanding of the political and social structures of the Aryans during the Rig Vedic period.
The statements regarding the administrative machinery of the Aryans during the Rig Vedic period provide insights into their political structure and social organization. Here's a detailed breakdown:
Statement 1: The Role of the King
- The king, known as Rajan, did have a hereditary position, indicating a lineage-based leadership.
- However, there are also indications that the king could be elected by the tribal assembly called the Samiti, reflecting a democratic element in their governance.
- Conclusion: This statement is true.
Statement 2: Assemblies in the Rig Veda
- The Sabha and the Samiti were indeed two crucial assemblies during the Rig Vedic period.
- These assemblies played significant roles in decision-making and governance, and it is believed that women could participate in these gatherings, showcasing a more inclusive society.
- Conclusion: This statement is also true.
Statement 3: Military Structure
- Contrary to the notion of a regular standing army, the Rig Vedic period did not have professional soldiers. Instead, military duties were often performed by the clansmen or warriors during times of need.
- The concept of a dedicated group of professional soldiers emerged later in Indian history.
- Conclusion: This statement is false.
Final Assessment
- Since statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is not, the correct answer is option B (1 and 2 only). This indicates a nuanced understanding of the political and social structures of the Aryans during the Rig Vedic period.
Which one of the following statements about the trade and commerce in the later Vedic period is correct?- a)Trade and industry flourished and a class of hereditary merchants came into being.
- b)Merchants were organised into guilds, as appears from references to ganas or corporations and the shreshth ins.
- c)They used Mishka, satamana, and krishnala as the units of value.
- d)All of the above.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following statements about the trade and commerce in the later Vedic period is correct?
a)
Trade and industry flourished and a class of hereditary merchants came into being.
b)
Merchants were organised into guilds, as appears from references to ganas or corporations and the shreshth ins.
c)
They used Mishka, satamana, and krishnala as the units of value.
d)
All of the above.
|
Jatin Nair answered |
Trade and Commerce in the Later Vedic Period
During the later Vedic period, which spans from 1000 BCE to 600 BCE, trade and commerce flourished in India. Some of the important features of trade and commerce during this period are:
Hereditary Merchants
• A class of hereditary merchants came into being during this period.
• These merchants were known as vaishyas and were engaged in trade and commerce.
Organised Guilds
• Merchants were organised into guilds, as appears from references to ganas or corporations and the shreshthins.
• These guilds were known as shrenis and they regulated trade and commerce in the cities.
• They also provided education and training to the members of the guilds.
• The shrenis were headed by a shreshthin, who was the chief merchant of the guild.
• The shreshthin was responsible for the trade and commerce of the guild and also acted as a mediator between the guild and the king.
Units of Value
• The units of value used during this period were Mishka, Satamana, and Krishnala.
• Mishka was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 16 rattis or 0.97 grams.
• Satamana was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 100 rattis or 6.11 grams.
• Krishnala was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 1/16 Mishka or 0.06 grams.
Conclusion
Thus, trade and commerce played an important role in the later Vedic period. The hereditary merchants and organised guilds facilitated the growth of trade and commerce in the cities. The units of value used during this period were also well-defined, which helped in regulating trade and commerce.
During the later Vedic period, which spans from 1000 BCE to 600 BCE, trade and commerce flourished in India. Some of the important features of trade and commerce during this period are:
Hereditary Merchants
• A class of hereditary merchants came into being during this period.
• These merchants were known as vaishyas and were engaged in trade and commerce.
Organised Guilds
• Merchants were organised into guilds, as appears from references to ganas or corporations and the shreshthins.
• These guilds were known as shrenis and they regulated trade and commerce in the cities.
• They also provided education and training to the members of the guilds.
• The shrenis were headed by a shreshthin, who was the chief merchant of the guild.
• The shreshthin was responsible for the trade and commerce of the guild and also acted as a mediator between the guild and the king.
Units of Value
• The units of value used during this period were Mishka, Satamana, and Krishnala.
• Mishka was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 16 rattis or 0.97 grams.
• Satamana was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 100 rattis or 6.11 grams.
• Krishnala was a unit of weight and was equivalent to 1/16 Mishka or 0.06 grams.
Conclusion
Thus, trade and commerce played an important role in the later Vedic period. The hereditary merchants and organised guilds facilitated the growth of trade and commerce in the cities. The units of value used during this period were also well-defined, which helped in regulating trade and commerce.
How did kingship originate according to the Aitareya Brahmana?- a)By contact
- b)By the will of God
- c)By the common consent of the people
- d)By force
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
How did kingship originate according to the Aitareya Brahmana?
a)
By contact
b)
By the will of God
c)
By the common consent of the people
d)
By force
|
|
Rhea Choudhury answered |
Origination of Kingship according to Aitareya Brahmana
The Aitareya Brahmana is a Vedic text that explains the origin of kingship. According to the text, the origin of kingship can be traced back to the common consent of the people. It is believed that the people chose their king by mutual agreement and consent.
How did Kingship Originate?
The origin of kingship can be explained in the following points as per the Aitareya Brahmana:
1. Common Consent of the People: According to the Aitareya Brahmana, kingship originated through the common consent of the people. The people chose their king by mutual agreement and consent. This means that the people were active participants in the process of choosing their leader.
2. Qualities of the King: The text also emphasizes that the king should possess certain qualities such as wisdom, courage, compassion, and strength. The people chose a leader who possessed these qualities, and who they believed would be able to protect them and lead them towards prosperity.
3. Role of the King: The Aitareya Brahmana also outlines the role of the king. The king was responsible for protecting his people, maintaining law and order, and ensuring the well-being of his subjects. The king was expected to act as a father figure to his people and work towards their welfare.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Aitareya Brahmana provides an insight into the origin of kingship. It emphasizes that the people played an active role in choosing their leader and that the king was expected to possess certain qualities and perform certain duties. Overall, the text emphasizes the importance of good leadership and the role of the king in maintaining the welfare of his subjects.
The Aitareya Brahmana is a Vedic text that explains the origin of kingship. According to the text, the origin of kingship can be traced back to the common consent of the people. It is believed that the people chose their king by mutual agreement and consent.
How did Kingship Originate?
The origin of kingship can be explained in the following points as per the Aitareya Brahmana:
1. Common Consent of the People: According to the Aitareya Brahmana, kingship originated through the common consent of the people. The people chose their king by mutual agreement and consent. This means that the people were active participants in the process of choosing their leader.
2. Qualities of the King: The text also emphasizes that the king should possess certain qualities such as wisdom, courage, compassion, and strength. The people chose a leader who possessed these qualities, and who they believed would be able to protect them and lead them towards prosperity.
3. Role of the King: The Aitareya Brahmana also outlines the role of the king. The king was responsible for protecting his people, maintaining law and order, and ensuring the well-being of his subjects. The king was expected to act as a father figure to his people and work towards their welfare.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Aitareya Brahmana provides an insight into the origin of kingship. It emphasizes that the people played an active role in choosing their leader and that the king was expected to possess certain qualities and perform certain duties. Overall, the text emphasizes the importance of good leadership and the role of the king in maintaining the welfare of his subjects.
Which one of the following was the centre of Aryan activity in the later Vedic period?- a)The Punjab and Delhi region
- b)Uttarapatha
- c)From the Yamuna to the western borders of Bengal
- d)The north-west frontier
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following was the centre of Aryan activity in the later Vedic period?
a)
The Punjab and Delhi region
b)
Uttarapatha
c)
From the Yamuna to the western borders of Bengal
d)
The north-west frontier
|
Varun Kapoor answered |
C) From the Yamuna to the western borders of Bengal
In the later Vedic period (1000-600 BCE), the center of Aryan activity shifted from the Punjab and Delhi region (which was the center during the early Vedic period) to the region stretching from the Yamuna river to the western borders of Bengal. This shift occurred due to various reasons, including the search for more fertile lands and resources, and the need to expand their territories.
During this period, the Aryans started moving eastwards and began settling in the Doab region (the area between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers) and the Gangetic plains. The Gangetic plains were more fertile and provided better opportunities for agriculture and cattle rearing. This led to an increase in population and the formation of new tribal settlements in the area.
Moreover, the later Vedic period saw the emergence of many small kingdoms and a shift in the political landscape. These kingdoms were primarily concentrated in the region stretching from the Yamuna River to the western borders of Bengal. As a result, the focus of Aryan activity moved to this region, which became an essential center for political, cultural, and economic activities.
In conclusion, during the later Vedic period, the center of Aryan activity shifted to the region from the Yamuna River to the western borders of Bengal. This shift was due to the search for fertile lands, increased population, and the emergence of new kingdoms in this region.
In the later Vedic period (1000-600 BCE), the center of Aryan activity shifted from the Punjab and Delhi region (which was the center during the early Vedic period) to the region stretching from the Yamuna river to the western borders of Bengal. This shift occurred due to various reasons, including the search for more fertile lands and resources, and the need to expand their territories.
During this period, the Aryans started moving eastwards and began settling in the Doab region (the area between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers) and the Gangetic plains. The Gangetic plains were more fertile and provided better opportunities for agriculture and cattle rearing. This led to an increase in population and the formation of new tribal settlements in the area.
Moreover, the later Vedic period saw the emergence of many small kingdoms and a shift in the political landscape. These kingdoms were primarily concentrated in the region stretching from the Yamuna River to the western borders of Bengal. As a result, the focus of Aryan activity moved to this region, which became an essential center for political, cultural, and economic activities.
In conclusion, during the later Vedic period, the center of Aryan activity shifted to the region from the Yamuna River to the western borders of Bengal. This shift was due to the search for fertile lands, increased population, and the emergence of new kingdoms in this region.
Consider the following statements:1. The Rig Veda mentions both Arya varna and Dasa varna.2. The Shudras are mentioned for the first time in the ninth Book of the Rig Veda.3. The Rig Vedic society was primarily pastoral and largely egalitarian.- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 3 Only
- c)1 and 2 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The Rig Veda mentions both Arya varna and Dasa varna.
2. The Shudras are mentioned for the first time in the ninth Book of the Rig Veda.
3. The Rig Vedic society was primarily pastoral and largely egalitarian.
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 3 Only
c)
1 and 2 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Sanjay Kerketta answered |
The shudras are mentioned first time in 10th book of rig veda.
Consider the following statements:1. The Battle of Ten Kings was fought on the river Parushni, which is identified with the river Ravi.2. The Bharata ruling clan was opposed by ten chiefs, five of whom were heads of Aryan tribes and the remaining five of non-Aryan people.3. The Kurus combined with the Tritsu to establish their rule in the upper Gangetic basin.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The Battle of Ten Kings was fought on the river Parushni, which is identified with the river Ravi.
2. The Bharata ruling clan was opposed by ten chiefs, five of whom were heads of Aryan tribes and the remaining five of non-Aryan people.
3. The Kurus combined with the Tritsu to establish their rule in the upper Gangetic basin.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
Maitri Sengupta answered |
Explanation:
1. Battle of Ten Kings:
- The Battle of Ten Kings was indeed fought on the river Parushni, which is now identified with the river Ravi. This battle is mentioned in the Rigveda and involved a conflict between the Bharata ruling clan and ten opposing chiefs.
2. Composition of Opposing Chiefs:
- Among the ten opposing chiefs, five were heads of Aryan tribes while the remaining five belonged to non-Aryan people. This composition highlights the diversity of groups involved in the battle.
3. Kurus and Tritsu Alliance:
- The statement about the Kurus combining with the Tritsu to establish their rule in the upper Gangetic basin is not accurate. The Kurus and Tritsu were separate groups and there is no historical evidence to suggest that they formed an alliance for establishing rule in the region.
Therefore, the correct statements are 1 and 2. The Battle of Ten Kings indeed took place on the river Parushni (Ravi) and involved a mix of Aryan and non-Aryan chiefs in opposition to the Bharata ruling clan.
Consider the following pairs:
1. River Kubha – Eastern Afghanistan
2. Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda
3. Indra – God of agriculture
4. Purandara – Breaker of forts
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
- a)Only one pair
- b)All four pairs
- c)Only two pairs
- d)Only three pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. River Kubha – Eastern Afghanistan
2. Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda
3. Indra – God of agriculture
4. Purandara – Breaker of forts
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
All four pairs
c)
Only two pairs
d)
Only three pairs
|
|
Anu Bose answered |
Analysis of the given pairs:
River Kubha – Eastern Afghanistan
- The river Kubha is actually located in Northern India, not Eastern Afghanistan. This pair is incorrectly matched.
Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda
- Saraswati is indeed considered the best of the rivers in the Rig Veda. This pair is correctly matched.
Indra – God of agriculture
- Indra is actually known as the god of thunder, lightning, storms, and rains in Hindu mythology, not agriculture. This pair is incorrectly matched.
Purandara – Breaker of forts
- Purandara is another name for the god Indra, who is indeed known as the breaker of forts. This pair is correctly matched.
Conclusion:
Out of the four pairs given, only two pairs are correctly matched: Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda and Purandara – Breaker of forts. The other two pairs are incorrectly matched.
River Kubha – Eastern Afghanistan
- The river Kubha is actually located in Northern India, not Eastern Afghanistan. This pair is incorrectly matched.
Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda
- Saraswati is indeed considered the best of the rivers in the Rig Veda. This pair is correctly matched.
Indra – God of agriculture
- Indra is actually known as the god of thunder, lightning, storms, and rains in Hindu mythology, not agriculture. This pair is incorrectly matched.
Purandara – Breaker of forts
- Purandara is another name for the god Indra, who is indeed known as the breaker of forts. This pair is correctly matched.
Conclusion:
Out of the four pairs given, only two pairs are correctly matched: Saraswati – Best of the rivers in the Rig Veda and Purandara – Breaker of forts. The other two pairs are incorrectly matched.
Consider the following statements:Statement I:
The Bharatas and the Tritsu were the ruling Aryan clans, supported by the priest Vasisththa.Statement II:
The battle known as the Battle of Ten Kings was fought between the Bharatas and a host of ten chiefs, establishing the supremacy of the Bharatas.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
- b)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I
- c)Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
- d)Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
The Bharatas and the Tritsu were the ruling Aryan clans, supported by the priest Vasisththa.
The Bharatas and the Tritsu were the ruling Aryan clans, supported by the priest Vasisththa.
Statement II:
The battle known as the Battle of Ten Kings was fought between the Bharatas and a host of ten chiefs, establishing the supremacy of the Bharatas.
The battle known as the Battle of Ten Kings was fought between the Bharatas and a host of ten chiefs, establishing the supremacy of the Bharatas.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
b)
Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I
c)
Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
d)
Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
|
|
Sakshi Bose answered |
Understanding the Context
The statements discussed pertain to ancient Indian history, specifically regarding the Vedic period and the conflicts among Aryan clans.
Statement I Analysis
- The Bharatas and Tritsu indeed were significant Aryan clans during the Vedic age.
- Vasisththa, a revered sage, played a crucial role as a priest for the Bharatas, providing spiritual support and guidance.
Statement II Analysis
- The Battle of Ten Kings (Dasarajna) was a prominent conflict where the Bharatas fought against a coalition of ten chiefs.
- This battle marked a significant victory for the Bharatas, establishing their dominance in the region and solidifying their power.
Conclusion
- Both statements accurately reflect the historical context of the Vedic period.
- Statement II elaborates on the outcome of the conflict mentioned in Statement I, thereby explaining the dominance and supremacy of the Bharatas.
Correct Answer Justification
- Since both statements are correct and Statement II provides a detailed explanation of the events described in Statement I, the answer is option 'A':
- Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I.
This explanation emphasizes the interconnectedness of the statements and their historical relevance, reinforcing the correctness of option 'A'.
The statements discussed pertain to ancient Indian history, specifically regarding the Vedic period and the conflicts among Aryan clans.
Statement I Analysis
- The Bharatas and Tritsu indeed were significant Aryan clans during the Vedic age.
- Vasisththa, a revered sage, played a crucial role as a priest for the Bharatas, providing spiritual support and guidance.
Statement II Analysis
- The Battle of Ten Kings (Dasarajna) was a prominent conflict where the Bharatas fought against a coalition of ten chiefs.
- This battle marked a significant victory for the Bharatas, establishing their dominance in the region and solidifying their power.
Conclusion
- Both statements accurately reflect the historical context of the Vedic period.
- Statement II elaborates on the outcome of the conflict mentioned in Statement I, thereby explaining the dominance and supremacy of the Bharatas.
Correct Answer Justification
- Since both statements are correct and Statement II provides a detailed explanation of the events described in Statement I, the answer is option 'A':
- Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I.
This explanation emphasizes the interconnectedness of the statements and their historical relevance, reinforcing the correctness of option 'A'.
Consider the following pairs:1. Kinship - Social divisions based on occupations2. Jana - Family unit3. Varna of Vaishya - Traders and agriculturists4. Patriarchal society - No desire is expressed for daughtersHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Kinship - Social divisions based on occupations
2. Jana - Family unit
3. Varna of Vaishya - Traders and agriculturists
4. Patriarchal society - No desire is expressed for daughters
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Harshitha Joshi answered |
Analysis:
The correct pairs are identified by matching the terms with their appropriate descriptions. Let's break down each pair to determine if it is correctly matched or not.
1. Kinship - Social divisions based on occupations
- This pair is incorrect. Kinship refers to the relationships between family members, while social divisions based on occupations are known as the caste system.
2. Jana - Family unit
- This pair is correct. Jana refers to the family unit in the Indian social system.
3. Varna of Vaishya - Traders and agriculturists
- This pair is correct. Vaishya is one of the four varnas in the Indian caste system, representing traders and agriculturists.
4. Patriarchal society - No desire is expressed for daughters
- This pair is incorrect. A patriarchal society is characterized by male dominance and inheritance passing through the male line. The statement that no desire is expressed for daughters is not necessarily true in all patriarchal societies.
Therefore, out of the four pairs given, only two pairs are correctly matched, which is option B - "Only two pairs."
The correct pairs are identified by matching the terms with their appropriate descriptions. Let's break down each pair to determine if it is correctly matched or not.
1. Kinship - Social divisions based on occupations
- This pair is incorrect. Kinship refers to the relationships between family members, while social divisions based on occupations are known as the caste system.
2. Jana - Family unit
- This pair is correct. Jana refers to the family unit in the Indian social system.
3. Varna of Vaishya - Traders and agriculturists
- This pair is correct. Vaishya is one of the four varnas in the Indian caste system, representing traders and agriculturists.
4. Patriarchal society - No desire is expressed for daughters
- This pair is incorrect. A patriarchal society is characterized by male dominance and inheritance passing through the male line. The statement that no desire is expressed for daughters is not necessarily true in all patriarchal societies.
Therefore, out of the four pairs given, only two pairs are correctly matched, which is option B - "Only two pairs."
Consider the following pairs:
1. Rajan - Tribal chief
2. Samiti - Military assembly
3. Vashishta - Purohita
4. Bali - Tax collector
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Rajan - Tribal chief
2. Samiti - Military assembly
3. Vashishta - Purohita
4. Bali - Tax collector
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
1. Rajan - Tribal chief
2. Samiti - Military assembly
3. Vashishta - Purohita
4. Bali - Tax collector
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Swati Datta answered |
Analysis:
Rajan - Tribal chief: This pair is correctly matched as Rajan is often referred to as a tribal chief in many historical and cultural contexts.
Samiti - Military assembly: This pair is correctly matched as Samiti is indeed a term used to denote a military assembly in ancient Indian texts.
Vashishta - Purohita: This pair is incorrectly matched. Vashishta is a revered sage in Hindu mythology, known for his wisdom and spiritual knowledge, rather than being a purohita or priest.
Bali - Tax collector: This pair is incorrectly matched. Bali is a mythological character known for his generosity and benevolence, not for being a tax collector.
Therefore, only two pairs out of the four given are correctly matched, which makes option 'B' the correct answer.
Rajan - Tribal chief: This pair is correctly matched as Rajan is often referred to as a tribal chief in many historical and cultural contexts.
Samiti - Military assembly: This pair is correctly matched as Samiti is indeed a term used to denote a military assembly in ancient Indian texts.
Vashishta - Purohita: This pair is incorrectly matched. Vashishta is a revered sage in Hindu mythology, known for his wisdom and spiritual knowledge, rather than being a purohita or priest.
Bali - Tax collector: This pair is incorrectly matched. Bali is a mythological character known for his generosity and benevolence, not for being a tax collector.
Therefore, only two pairs out of the four given are correctly matched, which makes option 'B' the correct answer.
Consider the following statements:1. The earliest Aryans settled in the geographical area that includes parts of eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh.2. The river Saraswati, mentioned in the Rig Veda, is referred to as Naditama or the best of the rivers.3. Indra, in the Rig Veda, is called Purandara, meaning the breaker of forts, due to his victories over the enemies of the Aryans.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The earliest Aryans settled in the geographical area that includes parts of eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh.
2. The river Saraswati, mentioned in the Rig Veda, is referred to as Naditama or the best of the rivers.
3. Indra, in the Rig Veda, is called Purandara, meaning the breaker of forts, due to his victories over the enemies of the Aryans.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
|
Akanksha Patel answered |
1. Settlement of the earliest Aryans:
- The earliest Aryans settled in the geographical area that includes parts of eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh. This region is known as the Sapta Sindhu or the land of seven rivers.
- These early Aryans were primarily pastoral and agricultural people who composed the Rig Veda, the oldest text in Sanskrit and one of the oldest Indo-European languages.
2. River Saraswati in the Rig Veda:
- The river Saraswati is mentioned in the Rig Veda as Naditama, which means the best of the rivers. It holds significant importance in the Vedic literature and is considered a sacred river by the Hindus.
- The identification of the river Saraswati has been a matter of debate among scholars, with some suggesting it might have dried up over time or changed its course.
3. Indra in the Rig Veda:
- In the Rig Veda, Indra is referred to as Purandara, which means the breaker of forts. This epithet is given to him due to his numerous victories over the enemies of the Aryans.
- Indra is one of the most prominent deities in the Rig Veda and is associated with thunder, lightning, storms, and war. He is often depicted as a powerful warrior god who helps the Aryans in their battles against their adversaries.
Therefore, all three statements are correct. The settlement of the earliest Aryans in the mentioned geographical area, the significance of the river Saraswati in the Rig Veda, and the portrayal of Indra as Purandara are all accurate representations of the Vedic literature and Aryan culture.
- The earliest Aryans settled in the geographical area that includes parts of eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh. This region is known as the Sapta Sindhu or the land of seven rivers.
- These early Aryans were primarily pastoral and agricultural people who composed the Rig Veda, the oldest text in Sanskrit and one of the oldest Indo-European languages.
2. River Saraswati in the Rig Veda:
- The river Saraswati is mentioned in the Rig Veda as Naditama, which means the best of the rivers. It holds significant importance in the Vedic literature and is considered a sacred river by the Hindus.
- The identification of the river Saraswati has been a matter of debate among scholars, with some suggesting it might have dried up over time or changed its course.
3. Indra in the Rig Veda:
- In the Rig Veda, Indra is referred to as Purandara, which means the breaker of forts. This epithet is given to him due to his numerous victories over the enemies of the Aryans.
- Indra is one of the most prominent deities in the Rig Veda and is associated with thunder, lightning, storms, and war. He is often depicted as a powerful warrior god who helps the Aryans in their battles against their adversaries.
Therefore, all three statements are correct. The settlement of the earliest Aryans in the mentioned geographical area, the significance of the river Saraswati in the Rig Veda, and the portrayal of Indra as Purandara are all accurate representations of the Vedic literature and Aryan culture.
Consider the following pairs:1. Indra - Breaker of forts2. Agni - God of plants3. Varuna - Personification of water4. Soma - Storm godHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Indra - Breaker of forts
2. Agni - God of plants
3. Varuna - Personification of water
4. Soma - Storm god
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Gowri Dasgupta answered |
Explanation:
Indra - Breaker of forts:
- This pair is correctly matched as Indra is indeed known as the "Breaker of forts" in Hindu mythology. He is a powerful deity associated with thunder, lightning, and storms.
Agni - God of plants:
- This pair is not correctly matched. Agni is actually the god of fire in Hindu mythology, not the god of plants. He is considered one of the most important deities in the Vedic pantheon.
Varuna - Personification of water:
- This pair is correctly matched. Varuna is indeed the personification of water in Hindu mythology. He is the god of the oceans, rivers, and celestial bodies associated with water.
Soma - Storm god:
- This pair is not correctly matched. Soma is actually the god associated with the moon and the drink of immortality in Hindu mythology. He is not specifically a storm god.
Therefore, only one pair (Indra - Breaker of forts) is correctly matched out of the four given pairs.
Indra - Breaker of forts:
- This pair is correctly matched as Indra is indeed known as the "Breaker of forts" in Hindu mythology. He is a powerful deity associated with thunder, lightning, and storms.
Agni - God of plants:
- This pair is not correctly matched. Agni is actually the god of fire in Hindu mythology, not the god of plants. He is considered one of the most important deities in the Vedic pantheon.
Varuna - Personification of water:
- This pair is correctly matched. Varuna is indeed the personification of water in Hindu mythology. He is the god of the oceans, rivers, and celestial bodies associated with water.
Soma - Storm god:
- This pair is not correctly matched. Soma is actually the god associated with the moon and the drink of immortality in Hindu mythology. He is not specifically a storm god.
Therefore, only one pair (Indra - Breaker of forts) is correctly matched out of the four given pairs.
Consider the following pairs:1. Rig Veda - Collection of prayers to gods like Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varun2. Avesta - Oldest text in the Indo-European languages3. Aryans' primary occupation - Agriculture4. Earliest specimen of Indo-European language - Inscription from Iraq about 2200 B.C.How many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Rig Veda - Collection of prayers to gods like Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varun
2. Avesta - Oldest text in the Indo-European languages
3. Aryans' primary occupation - Agriculture
4. Earliest specimen of Indo-European language - Inscription from Iraq about 2200 B.C.
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Anoushka Mehta answered |
Analysis of the Pairs
To determine how many pairs are correctly matched, let’s evaluate each one:
1. Rig Veda - Collection of prayers to gods like Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varun
- Correctness: This pair is accurately matched. The Rig Veda is indeed a collection of hymns and prayers dedicated to various deities, including Agni (the fire god), Indra (the king of gods), Mitra, and Varuna.
2. Avesta - Oldest text in the Indo-European languages
- Correctness: This pair is not correctly matched. While the Avesta is an ancient text of the Zoroastrian religion, it is not the oldest text in the Indo-European languages. The Rig Veda is generally considered older.
3. Aryans primary occupation - Agriculture
- Correctness: This pair is also correctly matched. The Aryans, who migrated into the Indian subcontinent, primarily engaged in agriculture, which was crucial for their sustenance and settlement.
4. Earliest specimen of Indo-European language - Inscription from Iraq about 2200 B.C.
- Correctness: This pair is not accurately matched. The earliest known examples of Indo-European languages are from the Hittite texts, which date back to around 1600 B.C., rather than an inscription from Iraq around 2200 B.C.
Conclusion
Considering the evaluations:
- Correct pairs: 1 (Rig Veda) and 3 (Aryans primary occupation)
- Incorrect pairs: 2 (Avesta) and 4 (Earliest specimen)
Thus, two pairs are correctly matched. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Only two pairs.
To determine how many pairs are correctly matched, let’s evaluate each one:
1. Rig Veda - Collection of prayers to gods like Agni, Indra, Mitra, Varun
- Correctness: This pair is accurately matched. The Rig Veda is indeed a collection of hymns and prayers dedicated to various deities, including Agni (the fire god), Indra (the king of gods), Mitra, and Varuna.
2. Avesta - Oldest text in the Indo-European languages
- Correctness: This pair is not correctly matched. While the Avesta is an ancient text of the Zoroastrian religion, it is not the oldest text in the Indo-European languages. The Rig Veda is generally considered older.
3. Aryans primary occupation - Agriculture
- Correctness: This pair is also correctly matched. The Aryans, who migrated into the Indian subcontinent, primarily engaged in agriculture, which was crucial for their sustenance and settlement.
4. Earliest specimen of Indo-European language - Inscription from Iraq about 2200 B.C.
- Correctness: This pair is not accurately matched. The earliest known examples of Indo-European languages are from the Hittite texts, which date back to around 1600 B.C., rather than an inscription from Iraq around 2200 B.C.
Conclusion
Considering the evaluations:
- Correct pairs: 1 (Rig Veda) and 3 (Aryans primary occupation)
- Incorrect pairs: 2 (Avesta) and 4 (Earliest specimen)
Thus, two pairs are correctly matched. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Only two pairs.
Consider the following statements:1. The term "jana" in the Rig Veda was used to refer to the tribe, while the term "janapada" or territory is not mentioned.2. The term "vis" in the Rig Veda refers to the tribe and is mentioned more frequently than "jana."3. In the Rig Veda, the term for family (kula) is mentioned frequently and refers to a small nuclear family.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The term "jana" in the Rig Veda was used to refer to the tribe, while the term "janapada" or territory is not mentioned.
2. The term "vis" in the Rig Veda refers to the tribe and is mentioned more frequently than "jana."
3. In the Rig Veda, the term for family (kula) is mentioned frequently and refers to a small nuclear family.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
|
Arshiya Nair answered |
Explanation:
Statement 1:
- The term "jana" in the Rig Veda was indeed used to refer to the tribe, focusing on the people as a collective group. The concept of "janapada" or territory is not explicitly mentioned in the Rig Veda.
Statement 2:
- The term "vis" in the Rig Veda actually refers to the tribe or clan, not "jana." "Vis" is used more frequently than "jana" in the Rig Veda to denote the social groupings or communities.
Statement 3:
- In the Rig Veda, the term for family is "kula," not "jana." The term "kula" refers to a small nuclear family unit rather than a larger tribe or community.
Therefore, only Statement 1 is correct, as it accurately describes the usage of the term "jana" in the Rig Veda.
Statement 1:
- The term "jana" in the Rig Veda was indeed used to refer to the tribe, focusing on the people as a collective group. The concept of "janapada" or territory is not explicitly mentioned in the Rig Veda.
Statement 2:
- The term "vis" in the Rig Veda actually refers to the tribe or clan, not "jana." "Vis" is used more frequently than "jana" in the Rig Veda to denote the social groupings or communities.
Statement 3:
- In the Rig Veda, the term for family is "kula," not "jana." The term "kula" refers to a small nuclear family unit rather than a larger tribe or community.
Therefore, only Statement 1 is correct, as it accurately describes the usage of the term "jana" in the Rig Veda.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig period worked with the tribal chief in the centre because of his successful leadership in war.
Statement-II:
The king was called the protector of his tribe.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig period worked with the tribal chief in the centre because of his successful leadership in war.
Statement-II:
The king was called the protector of his tribe.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig period worked with the tribal chief in the centre because of his successful leadership in war.
Statement-II:
The king was called the protector of his tribe.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Akanksha Patel answered |
Explanation:
Statement-I:
- The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig period did work with the tribal chief in the center due to his successful leadership in war.
- The tribal chief was often the military leader and had proven his capabilities in battle, earning the respect and loyalty of the people.
- This centralization of power allowed for efficient decision-making and coordination during times of conflict.
Statement-II:
- The king was indeed referred to as the protector of his tribe in ancient societies.
- The king's role was not only to lead in battle but also to provide for the welfare and safety of his people.
- This title emphasized the responsibility of the king to safeguard the interests of the tribe and ensure its prosperity.
Therefore, both statements are correct and complement each other. Statement-I highlights the practical aspect of the tribal chief's leadership in war, while Statement-II underscores the king's overarching role as the protector of his tribe.
Statement-I:
- The administrative machinery of the Aryans in the Rig period did work with the tribal chief in the center due to his successful leadership in war.
- The tribal chief was often the military leader and had proven his capabilities in battle, earning the respect and loyalty of the people.
- This centralization of power allowed for efficient decision-making and coordination during times of conflict.
Statement-II:
- The king was indeed referred to as the protector of his tribe in ancient societies.
- The king's role was not only to lead in battle but also to provide for the welfare and safety of his people.
- This title emphasized the responsibility of the king to safeguard the interests of the tribe and ensure its prosperity.
Therefore, both statements are correct and complement each other. Statement-I highlights the practical aspect of the tribal chief's leadership in war, while Statement-II underscores the king's overarching role as the protector of his tribe.
Consider the following pairs:1. Bharatas: River Parushni2. Tritsu: Priest Vasisththa3. Purus: Defeated in the Battle of Ten Kings4. Kurus: Alliance with PanchalasHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Bharatas: River Parushni
2. Tritsu: Priest Vasisththa
3. Purus: Defeated in the Battle of Ten Kings
4. Kurus: Alliance with Panchalas
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Akanksha Patel answered |
Correctly Matched Pairs:
First Pair:
- Bharatas: River Parushni
This pair is correctly matched as the Bharatas were a Vedic tribe associated with the River Parushni (modern-day Ravi River).
Second Pair:
- Tritsu: Priest Vasisththa
This pair is also correctly matched as Tritsu was a king in Vedic literature who was assisted by the priest Vasisththa.
Third Pair:
- Purus: Defeated in the Battle of Ten Kings
This pair is accurately matched as the Purus were a tribe that faced defeat in the Battle of Ten Kings, a significant event in ancient Indian history.
Fourth Pair:
- Kurus: Alliance with Panchalas
This pair is correctly matched as the Kurus, another Vedic tribe, formed an alliance with the Panchalas in various ancient Indian texts.
Therefore, all four pairs given in the question are correctly matched. Each pair represents a historical or mythological connection between different tribes, kings, and events from ancient Indian literature and history.
First Pair:
- Bharatas: River Parushni
This pair is correctly matched as the Bharatas were a Vedic tribe associated with the River Parushni (modern-day Ravi River).
Second Pair:
- Tritsu: Priest Vasisththa
This pair is also correctly matched as Tritsu was a king in Vedic literature who was assisted by the priest Vasisththa.
Third Pair:
- Purus: Defeated in the Battle of Ten Kings
This pair is accurately matched as the Purus were a tribe that faced defeat in the Battle of Ten Kings, a significant event in ancient Indian history.
Fourth Pair:
- Kurus: Alliance with Panchalas
This pair is correctly matched as the Kurus, another Vedic tribe, formed an alliance with the Panchalas in various ancient Indian texts.
Therefore, all four pairs given in the question are correctly matched. Each pair represents a historical or mythological connection between different tribes, kings, and events from ancient Indian literature and history.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
Kinship was the basis of social structure, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. People gave their primary loyalty to the tribe, which was called Jana.Statement-II:
The term for family (kula) is mentioned rarely in the Rig Veda. It comprised not only mothers, fathers, sons, slaves, etc., but many more people. It seems that family in the early Vedic phase was indicated by the term griha, which frequently occurs in this text.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Kinship was the basis of social structure, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. People gave their primary loyalty to the tribe, which was called Jana.
Kinship was the basis of social structure, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. People gave their primary loyalty to the tribe, which was called Jana.
Statement-II:
The term for family (kula) is mentioned rarely in the Rig Veda. It comprised not only mothers, fathers, sons, slaves, etc., but many more people. It seems that family in the early Vedic phase was indicated by the term griha, which frequently occurs in this text.
The term for family (kula) is mentioned rarely in the Rig Veda. It comprised not only mothers, fathers, sons, slaves, etc., but many more people. It seems that family in the early Vedic phase was indicated by the term griha, which frequently occurs in this text.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Akanksha Patel answered |
Statement Analysis:
Statement-I: Kinship was the basis of social structure, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. People gave their primary loyalty to the tribe, which was called Jana.
Statement-II: The term for family (kula) is mentioned rarely in the Rig Veda. It comprised not only mothers, fathers, sons, slaves, etc., but many more people. It seems that family in the early Vedic phase was indicated by the term griha, which frequently occurs in this text.
Explanation:
Both Statements Correct: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct as they both provide insights into the social structure and familial relationships during the Vedic period.
Statement-II Explanation: While both statements are correct, Statement-II does not directly explain Statement-I. Statement-II focuses on the terminology used for family in the Rig Veda, highlighting the broader concept of family beyond just parents and children. It distinguishes between the terms "kula" and "griha" to showcase the complexity of familial relationships during that time.
Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I. This indicates that while both statements are accurate in their own right, they discuss different aspects of social structure and family dynamics in the Vedic period.
Statement-I: Kinship was the basis of social structure, and a man was identified by the clan to which he belonged. People gave their primary loyalty to the tribe, which was called Jana.
Statement-II: The term for family (kula) is mentioned rarely in the Rig Veda. It comprised not only mothers, fathers, sons, slaves, etc., but many more people. It seems that family in the early Vedic phase was indicated by the term griha, which frequently occurs in this text.
Explanation:
Both Statements Correct: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct as they both provide insights into the social structure and familial relationships during the Vedic period.
Statement-II Explanation: While both statements are correct, Statement-II does not directly explain Statement-I. Statement-II focuses on the terminology used for family in the Rig Veda, highlighting the broader concept of family beyond just parents and children. It distinguishes between the terms "kula" and "griha" to showcase the complexity of familial relationships during that time.
Conclusion: Therefore, the correct answer is option 'B' - Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I. This indicates that while both statements are accurate in their own right, they discuss different aspects of social structure and family dynamics in the Vedic period.
Consider the following pairs:1. Gavishthi: Search for cows2. Ayas: Iron3. Samudra: Ocean4. Ploughshare: Metal toolHow many pairs given above are correctly matched?- a)Only one pair
- b)Only two pairs
- c)Only three pairs
- d)All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following pairs:
1. Gavishthi: Search for cows
2. Ayas: Iron
3. Samudra: Ocean
4. Ploughshare: Metal tool
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
a)
Only one pair
b)
Only two pairs
c)
Only three pairs
d)
All four pairs
|
|
Debolina Pillai answered |
Analysis:
1. Gavishthi: Search for cows
- Gavishthi refers to the act of searching for cows in Sanskrit. This pair is correctly matched as the word accurately represents the given meaning.
2. Ayas: Iron
- Ayas is a term used for metal in Sanskrit rather than specifically referring to iron. Therefore, this pair is not correctly matched.
3. Samudra: Ocean
- Samudra translates to ocean in Sanskrit, making this pair correctly matched as the word corresponds to the provided meaning.
4. Ploughshare: Metal tool
- Ploughshare is a type of tool used in agriculture and is typically made of metal. Hence, this pair is correctly matched as the definition aligns with the given term.
Conclusion:
Out of the four pairs provided, only one pair is correctly matched, which is Gavishthi: Search for cows. The other pairs do not accurately represent the given meanings, leading to their classification as incorrectly matched.
1. Gavishthi: Search for cows
- Gavishthi refers to the act of searching for cows in Sanskrit. This pair is correctly matched as the word accurately represents the given meaning.
2. Ayas: Iron
- Ayas is a term used for metal in Sanskrit rather than specifically referring to iron. Therefore, this pair is not correctly matched.
3. Samudra: Ocean
- Samudra translates to ocean in Sanskrit, making this pair correctly matched as the word corresponds to the provided meaning.
4. Ploughshare: Metal tool
- Ploughshare is a type of tool used in agriculture and is typically made of metal. Hence, this pair is correctly matched as the definition aligns with the given term.
Conclusion:
Out of the four pairs provided, only one pair is correctly matched, which is Gavishthi: Search for cows. The other pairs do not accurately represent the given meanings, leading to their classification as incorrectly matched.
Which of the following theories of the origin of the state is not mentioned in the Vedic literature?
- a)The contract theory
- b)The theory of divine origin
- c)The class theory
- d)The force theory
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following theories of the origin of the state is not mentioned in the Vedic literature?
a)
The contract theory
b)
The theory of divine origin
c)
The class theory
d)
The force theory
|
Anjali Kaur answered |
Theory of Origin of State in Vedic Literature
The Vedic literature is the oldest known literature of ancient India, which includes the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. These texts provide valuable information about the ancient Indian society, politics, religion, and culture. The Vedic literature also contains various theories of the origin of the state, which are as follows:
1. The theory of divine origin: According to this theory, the state is created by the gods or the divine powers. The king is considered as the representative of the gods on earth, and his authority is derived from them. This theory is mentioned in the Rigveda, where the king is referred to as the "deva-raja" or the god-king.
2. The force theory: This theory suggests that the state is formed by the use of force by a powerful leader or group of leaders. The state is maintained by the use of force, and the ruler's authority is based on his ability to control and subdue his subjects. This theory is mentioned in the Atharvaveda, where the king is referred to as the "kshatra" or the warrior.
3. The contract theory: According to this theory, the state is created by a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. The people agree to give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection and security provided by the state. This theory is not explicitly mentioned in the Vedic literature.
4. The class theory: This theory suggests that the state is created by the dominant class or classes in society. The rulers are usually members of the dominant class, and their authority is based on their economic and social power. This theory is mentioned in the Yajurveda, where the king is referred to as the "vish" or the chief of the people.
Answer:
The theory of the origin of the state that is not mentioned in the Vedic literature is the contract theory. The Vedic literature does not explicitly mention the idea of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. However, the other three theories, i.e., the theory of divine origin, the force theory, and the class theory, are all present in the Vedic literature.
The Vedic literature is the oldest known literature of ancient India, which includes the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. These texts provide valuable information about the ancient Indian society, politics, religion, and culture. The Vedic literature also contains various theories of the origin of the state, which are as follows:
1. The theory of divine origin: According to this theory, the state is created by the gods or the divine powers. The king is considered as the representative of the gods on earth, and his authority is derived from them. This theory is mentioned in the Rigveda, where the king is referred to as the "deva-raja" or the god-king.
2. The force theory: This theory suggests that the state is formed by the use of force by a powerful leader or group of leaders. The state is maintained by the use of force, and the ruler's authority is based on his ability to control and subdue his subjects. This theory is mentioned in the Atharvaveda, where the king is referred to as the "kshatra" or the warrior.
3. The contract theory: According to this theory, the state is created by a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. The people agree to give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection and security provided by the state. This theory is not explicitly mentioned in the Vedic literature.
4. The class theory: This theory suggests that the state is created by the dominant class or classes in society. The rulers are usually members of the dominant class, and their authority is based on their economic and social power. This theory is mentioned in the Yajurveda, where the king is referred to as the "vish" or the chief of the people.
Answer:
The theory of the origin of the state that is not mentioned in the Vedic literature is the contract theory. The Vedic literature does not explicitly mention the idea of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. However, the other three theories, i.e., the theory of divine origin, the force theory, and the class theory, are all present in the Vedic literature.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
The Rig Veda is the earliest text of the Indo-European languages and consists of ten mandalas or books.Statement-II:
The Avesta is the oldest text in the Iranian language and shares similarities with the Rig Veda in terms of gods and social classes.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The Rig Veda is the earliest text of the Indo-European languages and consists of ten mandalas or books.
The Rig Veda is the earliest text of the Indo-European languages and consists of ten mandalas or books.
Statement-II:
The Avesta is the oldest text in the Iranian language and shares similarities with the Rig Veda in terms of gods and social classes.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
The Avesta is the oldest text in the Iranian language and shares similarities with the Rig Veda in terms of gods and social classes.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Sakshi Bose answered |
Overview of the Statements
The two statements address significant texts in the study of Indo-European languages, specifically the Rig Veda and the Avesta, highlighting their historical and cultural relevance.
Statement-I Analysis
- The Rig Veda is indeed the earliest text of the Indo-European languages, dating back to around 1500-1200 BCE.
- It comprises ten mandalas (books), which contain hymns dedicated to various deities and rituals.
Statement-II Analysis
- The Avesta is recognized as the oldest text in the Iranian language, particularly associated with Zoroastrianism.
- It shares notable similarities with the Rig Veda, especially in terms of deities (like Ahura Mazda and Varuna) and social classes (such as priests and warriors).
Correctness of the Statements
- Both statements are accurate: the Rig Veda is the earliest Indo-European text, and the Avesta is the oldest Iranian text with shared cultural elements.
- Statement-II does not merely provide additional information; it effectively explains the cultural and linguistic connections between the two texts.
Conclusion
Given the correctness and explanatory nature of the statements, the answer is:
- Correct Option: a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I.
The two statements address significant texts in the study of Indo-European languages, specifically the Rig Veda and the Avesta, highlighting their historical and cultural relevance.
Statement-I Analysis
- The Rig Veda is indeed the earliest text of the Indo-European languages, dating back to around 1500-1200 BCE.
- It comprises ten mandalas (books), which contain hymns dedicated to various deities and rituals.
Statement-II Analysis
- The Avesta is recognized as the oldest text in the Iranian language, particularly associated with Zoroastrianism.
- It shares notable similarities with the Rig Veda, especially in terms of deities (like Ahura Mazda and Varuna) and social classes (such as priests and warriors).
Correctness of the Statements
- Both statements are accurate: the Rig Veda is the earliest Indo-European text, and the Avesta is the oldest Iranian text with shared cultural elements.
- Statement-II does not merely provide additional information; it effectively explains the cultural and linguistic connections between the two texts.
Conclusion
Given the correctness and explanatory nature of the statements, the answer is:
- Correct Option: a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
Indra is the most important divinity in the Rig Veda, known as Purandara or the breaker of forts, who played the role of a warlord and led Aryan soldiers to victory against demons.Statement-II:
Agni, the fire god, holds the second important position in the Rig Veda with 200 hymns devoted to him. Fire played a significant role in the lives of primitive people and acted as an intermediary between gods and people.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Indra is the most important divinity in the Rig Veda, known as Purandara or the breaker of forts, who played the role of a warlord and led Aryan soldiers to victory against demons.
Indra is the most important divinity in the Rig Veda, known as Purandara or the breaker of forts, who played the role of a warlord and led Aryan soldiers to victory against demons.
Statement-II:
Agni, the fire god, holds the second important position in the Rig Veda with 200 hymns devoted to him. Fire played a significant role in the lives of primitive people and acted as an intermediary between gods and people.
Agni, the fire god, holds the second important position in the Rig Veda with 200 hymns devoted to him. Fire played a significant role in the lives of primitive people and acted as an intermediary between gods and people.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Sameer Yadav answered |
Explanation:
Statement Analysis:
- Statement-I: Indra is portrayed as the most important divinity in the Rig Veda, known for his role as a warlord and leader of Aryan soldiers against demons.
- Statement-II: Agni, the fire god, holds the second important position in the Rig Veda with 200 hymns dedicated to him, as fire played a crucial role in the lives of early people.
Correct Interpretation:
- Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, as they highlight the significance of Indra and Agni in the Rig Veda.
- However, Statement-II does not directly explain Statement-I as they focus on different deities and their roles in Vedic mythology.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I.
Statement Analysis:
- Statement-I: Indra is portrayed as the most important divinity in the Rig Veda, known for his role as a warlord and leader of Aryan soldiers against demons.
- Statement-II: Agni, the fire god, holds the second important position in the Rig Veda with 200 hymns dedicated to him, as fire played a crucial role in the lives of early people.
Correct Interpretation:
- Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, as they highlight the significance of Indra and Agni in the Rig Veda.
- However, Statement-II does not directly explain Statement-I as they focus on different deities and their roles in Vedic mythology.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I.
Consider the following statements:1. The earliest Aryans were known for their common language, which was a form of the Indo-European languages.2. The Rig Veda, the oldest text of the Indo-European languages, is primarily a collection of prayers offered to gods such as Agni and Indra.3. The Avesta, the oldest text in the Iranian language, does not share any common elements with the Rig Veda.Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- a)1 Only
- b)1 and 2 Only
- c)1 and 3 Only
- d)1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
1. The earliest Aryans were known for their common language, which was a form of the Indo-European languages.
2. The Rig Veda, the oldest text of the Indo-European languages, is primarily a collection of prayers offered to gods such as Agni and Indra.
3. The Avesta, the oldest text in the Iranian language, does not share any common elements with the Rig Veda.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a)
1 Only
b)
1 and 2 Only
c)
1 and 3 Only
d)
1, 2 and 3
|
|
Akanksha Patel answered |
Correct Answer: b) 1 and 2 Only
Explanation:
1. The earliest Aryans and their common language:
The statement is correct. The Aryans were known for their common language, which was a form of the Indo-European languages. This language eventually evolved into Sanskrit, which is the ancient language in which the Rig Veda is written.
2. The Rig Veda:
The statement is correct. The Rig Veda is the oldest text of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily a collection of prayers offered to gods such as Agni and Indra. It is considered one of the most important texts in Hinduism and provides insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the early Aryans.
3. The Avesta:
The statement is incorrect. The Avesta is the oldest text in the Iranian language and is primarily a collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. While there are differences between the Rig Veda and the Avesta, they do share some common elements due to their shared Indo-European heritage.
In conclusion, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect. The Rig Veda and the Avesta both provide valuable insights into the early religious beliefs and practices of the Aryans and Iranians, respectively.
Explanation:
1. The earliest Aryans and their common language:
The statement is correct. The Aryans were known for their common language, which was a form of the Indo-European languages. This language eventually evolved into Sanskrit, which is the ancient language in which the Rig Veda is written.
2. The Rig Veda:
The statement is correct. The Rig Veda is the oldest text of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily a collection of prayers offered to gods such as Agni and Indra. It is considered one of the most important texts in Hinduism and provides insights into the religious beliefs and practices of the early Aryans.
3. The Avesta:
The statement is incorrect. The Avesta is the oldest text in the Iranian language and is primarily a collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. While there are differences between the Rig Veda and the Avesta, they do share some common elements due to their shared Indo-European heritage.
In conclusion, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect. The Rig Veda and the Avesta both provide valuable insights into the early religious beliefs and practices of the Aryans and Iranians, respectively.
Consider the following statements:Statement-I:
The earliest Aryans lived in the geographical area covered by eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh.
Statement-II:
The Aryans succeeded everywhere because they possessed chariots driven by horses and introduced them into West Asia and India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?- a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
- b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
- c)Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
- d)Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
The earliest Aryans lived in the geographical area covered by eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh.
Statement-II:
The Aryans succeeded everywhere because they possessed chariots driven by horses and introduced them into West Asia and India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
The earliest Aryans lived in the geographical area covered by eastern Afghanistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and fringes of western Uttar Pradesh.
Statement-II:
The Aryans succeeded everywhere because they possessed chariots driven by horses and introduced them into West Asia and India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
a)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
b)
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
c)
Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
d)
Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
|
|
Varun Dasgupta answered |
Analysis of the Statements
To assess the correctness of Statement-I and Statement-II regarding the Aryans, let's break down each statement.
Statement-I: The Earliest Aryans' Geographical Area
- This statement is accurate.
- The early Aryans are believed to have inhabited areas that include eastern Afghanistan, the North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and parts of western Uttar Pradesh.
- Archaeological evidence supports the presence of Aryan culture in these regions, particularly during the Vedic period.
Statement-II: Aryans and Their Chariots
- This statement is partially correct.
- The Aryans are credited with significant advancements in warfare technology, particularly the use of chariots driven by horses.
- However, attributing their success solely to these chariots does not fully encompass the social, cultural, and technological factors that contributed to their dominance in various regions.
- Moreover, it is debated whether they were the initial introducers of chariots in West Asia and India, as these technologies may have developed in parallel across different cultures.
Conclusion
- The accuracy of Statement-I and the partial correctness of Statement-II lead to the conclusion that:
- Statement-I is correct.
- Statement-II is incorrect in its broad claim.
Final Answer
Hence, the correct answer is option 'C': Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.
To assess the correctness of Statement-I and Statement-II regarding the Aryans, let's break down each statement.
Statement-I: The Earliest Aryans' Geographical Area
- This statement is accurate.
- The early Aryans are believed to have inhabited areas that include eastern Afghanistan, the North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, and parts of western Uttar Pradesh.
- Archaeological evidence supports the presence of Aryan culture in these regions, particularly during the Vedic period.
Statement-II: Aryans and Their Chariots
- This statement is partially correct.
- The Aryans are credited with significant advancements in warfare technology, particularly the use of chariots driven by horses.
- However, attributing their success solely to these chariots does not fully encompass the social, cultural, and technological factors that contributed to their dominance in various regions.
- Moreover, it is debated whether they were the initial introducers of chariots in West Asia and India, as these technologies may have developed in parallel across different cultures.
Conclusion
- The accuracy of Statement-I and the partial correctness of Statement-II lead to the conclusion that:
- Statement-I is correct.
- Statement-II is incorrect in its broad claim.
Final Answer
Hence, the correct answer is option 'C': Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.
Chapter doubts & questions for The Vedic Period - Lucent for GK 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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