Theory of Origin of State in Vedic Literature

The Vedic literature is the oldest known literature of ancient India, which includes the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. These texts provide valuable information about the ancient Indian society, politics, religion, and culture. The Vedic literature also contains various theories of the origin of the state, which are as follows:

1. The theory of divine origin: According to this theory, the state is created by the gods or the divine powers. The king is considered as the representative of the gods on earth, and his authority is derived from them. This theory is mentioned in the Rigveda, where the king is referred to as the "deva-raja" or the god-king.

2. The force theory: This theory suggests that the state is formed by the use of force by a powerful leader or group of leaders. The state is maintained by the use of force, and the ruler's authority is based on his ability to control and subdue his subjects. This theory is mentioned in the Atharvaveda, where the king is referred to as the "kshatra" or the warrior.

3. The contract theory: According to this theory, the state is created by a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. The people agree to give up some of their freedoms in exchange for protection and security provided by the state. This theory is not explicitly mentioned in the Vedic literature.

4. The class theory: This theory suggests that the state is created by the dominant class or classes in society. The rulers are usually members of the dominant class, and their authority is based on their economic and social power. This theory is mentioned in the Yajurveda, where the king is referred to as the "vish" or the chief of the people.

Answer:

The theory of the origin of the state that is not mentioned in the Vedic literature is the contract theory. The Vedic literature does not explicitly mention the idea of a social contract between the ruler and the ruled. However, the other three theories, i.e., the theory of divine origin, the force theory, and the class theory, are all present in the Vedic literature.