All questions of Non-Constitutional Bodies for UPSC CSE Exam

The correct answer is option 'A' - The President of India.

Explanation:
The delimitation order refers to the process of redrawing the boundaries of Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly constituencies in India. This process is carried out to ensure fair and equal representation of the people in the legislative bodies. The authority responsible for reviewing and approving the delimitation order is the President of India.

Below are the detailed explanations for each option:

a) The President of India:
The delimitation order, after being prepared by the Delimitation Commission, is submitted to the President of India for review and approval. The President has the authority to either approve or reject the order. Once approved, the delimitation order comes into effect.

b) The Prime Minister of India:
The Prime Minister of India does not have the authority to review or approve the delimitation order. The Prime Minister is the head of the government and is primarily responsible for the administration and implementation of government policies.

c) The Parliament of India:
The Parliament of India does not review or approve the delimitation order. However, the delimitation order is laid before both houses of Parliament for their information. This is a procedural requirement to ensure transparency and accountability in the delimitation process.

d) The Election Commission of India:
The Election Commission of India is responsible for the conduct of elections in the country. It plays a crucial role in the delimitation process by assisting the Delimitation Commission in preparing the delimitation order. However, the Election Commission does not have the authority to review or approve the order. Its role is limited to providing technical support and expertise.

In conclusion, the President of India is the authority that reviews and approves the delimitation order. The President's role ensures that the redrawing of constituency boundaries is carried out in a fair and unbiased manner, promoting equal representation of the people in legislative bodies.

Appointment of Members of the Delimitation Commission
The Delimitation Commission is a vital body in India responsible for redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies based on the latest population data. Here’s a detailed explanation of how its members are appointed:
Authority of Appointment
- The members of the Delimitation Commission are appointed by the President of India.
- This process ensures that the delimitation is conducted in a non-partisan manner and adheres to constitutional mandates.
Composition of the Commission
- The Delimitation Commission typically consists of a chairperson, who is usually a retired Supreme Court judge, and other members, often including representatives from the Election Commission of India.
- The President appoints these members based on recommendations and guidelines provided by the Election Commission.
Significance of the Delimitation Commission
- The commission plays a crucial role in ensuring fair representation in legislative bodies by adjusting constituency boundaries according to population changes.
- It aims to maintain equality in representation and enhance the democratic process in elections.
Implications of the Delimitation Process
- Delimitation affects the political landscape, impacting electoral strategies and party representation.
- It is a periodic process, typically conducted after census data is released, ensuring that the electoral map reflects demographic changes.
In summary, the President of India holds the authority to appoint the members of the Delimitation Commission, ensuring that this essential function of democracy is executed with integrity and impartiality.

NITI Aayog has two hubs: "Team India Hub," which focuses on the participation of Indian states with the central government, and "Innovation Hub," which enhances the institution's think tank capabilities.

Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission is a constitutional body in India responsible for redrawing the boundaries of parliamentary and assembly constituencies. It is established after every census to ensure equal representation and fair allocation of seats based on population changes.

Composition of the Delimitation Commission

The Delimitation Commission is composed of members who are appointed by the President of India. The number of members in the commission is determined by the President based on the requirements of the particular delimitation exercise.

The correct answer to the question is (d) 9 members in the Delimitation Commission.

Explanation

The Delimitation Commission is usually composed of the following members:

1. Chairperson: The commission is headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired Chief Justice of a High Court. The Chairperson is responsible for overseeing the entire delimitation process and ensuring its fairness and transparency.

2. Ex-Officio Members: The commission includes ex-officio members who are appointed based on their positions in the government. These members may include the Chief Election Commissioner or a representative from the Election Commission of India, the Chief Electoral Officer of the concerned state, and the Surveyor General of India.

3. Members nominated by the President: The President of India nominates members to the Delimitation Commission based on their expertise and experience. These members may include individuals with a background in administration, law, or public affairs.

4. Associate Members: The commission may also have associate members who are nominated to provide additional expertise or inputs during the delimitation process. These members may include representatives from political parties, academics, or experts in the field of demography.

The total number of members in the Delimitation Commission can vary depending on the specific requirements of each delimitation exercise. However, the commission usually consists of 9 members who collectively work towards the objective of redrawing boundaries to ensure fair representation.

In conclusion, the Delimitation Commission in India is composed of 9 members who are responsible for the redrawing of parliamentary and assembly constituencies. The commission consists of a Chairperson, ex-officio members, members nominated by the President, and associate members.

The correct answer is option 'C', which states that conducting elections is not a function of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). The CVC is an apex vigilance institution in India that was established in 1964 to address issues related to corruption in the government sector. It has been set up as an independent body to ensure transparency, integrity, and accountability in the functioning of public officials.

The functions of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) are as follows:

1. Inquiring into complaints related to corruption:
The primary function of the CVC is to inquire into complaints or cases of corruption against public servants working in central government departments, ministries, and organizations. It has the power to initiate investigations, summon and examine witnesses, and take necessary actions against the corrupt officials.

2. Advising the Central Government on vigilance matters:
The CVC acts as an advisory body to the central government on matters related to vigilance, integrity, and anti-corruption measures. It provides guidance and recommendations to prevent corruption and improve governance in various government departments and organizations.

3. Superintending the functioning of the Delhi Special Police Establishment (CBI):
The CVC exercises superintendence over the functioning of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in cases related to corruption. It oversees and monitors the investigation process, ensures the proper utilization of resources, and maintains the independence and impartiality of the CBI.

4. Promoting integrity, transparency, and accountability in public administration:
The CVC plays a crucial role in promoting integrity, transparency, and accountability in the functioning of public officials. It formulates policies and guidelines to prevent corruption, conducts awareness programs, and encourages ethical practices in public administration.

In conclusion, conducting elections is not a function of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC). The CVC primarily focuses on inquiries into corruption complaints, advising the central government on vigilance matters, and supervising the functioning of the CBI. Its main aim is to ensure transparency, integrity, and accountability in the public sector.

The 7 pillars of effective governance envisaged by NITI Aayog include "Pro-people," "Participation," "Empowering," "Inclusion of all," "Equality," and "Transparency." "Efficiency" is not explicitly mentioned among these pillars.

The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is the specialized force for disaster response in India, and it operates under the overall supervision and control of NDMA.

The Purpose of the Delimitation Commission in India

The Delimitation Commission in India is established to redraw the boundaries of Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly constituencies. This process plays a crucial role in ensuring fair representation and equal distribution of political power among the citizens.

Explanation:
The Delimitation Commission is a constitutional body formed by the President of India under Article 82 of the Constitution and the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952. Its primary purpose is to redraw the boundaries of constituencies to reflect changes in population and ensure fair representation in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

1. Equal Representation:
The Delimitation Commission works towards achieving the principle of "one person, one vote, one value." By redrawing the boundaries of constituencies, it ensures that each constituency has a similar number of voters. This prevents any imbalance in political representation and allows for equal participation of citizens in the democratic process.

2. Population Changes:
As population demographics change over time, some constituencies may become overpopulated while others may experience a decline in population. The Delimitation Commission takes into account the latest census data to identify population shifts and accordingly redistributes the constituencies. This ensures that each vote holds equal weight and avoids any disadvantage to voters due to unequal population distribution.

3. Protecting Minority Interests:
The Delimitation Commission also takes into consideration the interests of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. It aims to provide adequate representation to these marginalized groups by reserving constituencies for them based on their population. This helps in empowering these communities and giving them a voice in the political arena.

4. Reducing Malpractices:
Delimitation of constituencies also helps in reducing malpractices such as gerrymandering, where boundaries are manipulated to favor a particular political party or community. By ensuring fair and impartial redistricting, the Delimitation Commission promotes transparency and upholds the principles of democracy.

Conclusion:
The Delimitation Commission in India serves as a vital institution for maintaining the integrity of the democratic process. Through its work of redrawing constituency boundaries, it ensures fair representation, equal distribution of political power, and protection of minority interests. By upholding the principle of "one person, one vote, one value," the Delimitation Commission plays a crucial role in strengthening the democratic fabric of the country.

Delimitation Process and Factors Considered

The delimitation process refers to the redrawing of electoral boundaries to ensure fair and equal representation of the population in democratic systems. It is an important aspect of ensuring that democratic elections are conducted in an impartial and transparent manner. While population is a crucial factor in the delimitation process, there are other factors that are also taken into consideration. One such factor is the geographical features and infrastructure of the region.

Geographical Features and Infrastructure

Geographical features and infrastructure play a significant role in the delimitation process as they affect the accessibility and connectivity of an area. Some key points to consider regarding this factor are:

1. Accessibility: The delimitation process takes into account the ease of access to polling stations for voters. Areas with difficult terrain, such as mountainous regions or remote islands, may require special considerations to ensure that all eligible voters can exercise their right to vote without any hindrance.

2. Connectivity: The availability and quality of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and bridges, are also considered. Areas with limited connectivity may pose challenges in terms of transporting election materials, officials, and voters. Therefore, the delimitation process aims to create constituencies that are well-connected to facilitate the smooth conduct of elections.

3. Demographic Distribution: Geographical features can also influence the distribution of population in a region. For example, densely populated urban areas may have different needs and interests compared to sparsely populated rural areas. By taking into account the geographical features, the delimitation process ensures that the concerns and interests of different regions are adequately represented in the political system.

4. Equitable Representation: Another aspect considered is the principle of equitable representation. This involves ensuring that constituencies have a roughly equal number of voters, taking into account the geographical features and infrastructure. By doing so, it helps prevent any disproportionate concentration of political power in specific regions, thus promoting a fair and balanced electoral system.

In conclusion, while population is an essential factor in the delimitation process, the consideration of geographical features and infrastructure ensures that the electoral boundaries are drawn in a manner that takes into account the accessibility, connectivity, and equitable representation of different regions. This helps to create a more inclusive and representative democratic system.

The Delimitation Commission is a constitutional body responsible for the delimitation (redrawing) of parliamentary and assembly constituencies in India. It is an independent body that is constituted by the President of India and consists of a Chief Election Commissioner, or an Election Commissioner nominated by the Chief Election Commissioner, and the State Election Commissioner of the concerned state.

The delimitation process is carried out to ensure fair representation of the people through equal distribution of constituencies based on population. It aims to maintain a balance between the number of voters in each constituency and to prevent malapportionment, which is the uneven distribution of voters among constituencies.

The Delimitation Commission is responsible for delimiting constituencies in states, autonomous regions, and nominated seats in the Parliament. However, it does not have the authority to delimit constituencies in Union Territories.

Union Territories in India are directly governed by the President through the Lieutenant Governor or Administrator appointed by the President. Unlike states, Union Territories do not have their own Legislative Assemblies and are represented in the Parliament by Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected directly. The number of MPs representing Union Territories is determined by the President.

Since Union Territories do not have their own Legislative Assemblies, there is no need for delimitation of constituencies in these regions. The number of MPs representing Union Territories is fixed and does not change based on population. Therefore, the Delimitation Commission does not have the responsibility to delimit constituencies in Union Territories.

Overall, the Delimitation Commission plays a crucial role in ensuring fair representation of the people in parliamentary and assembly constituencies. However, its responsibility does not extend to delimiting constituencies in Union Territories.

Understanding NHRC's Focus on Human Rights Issues
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is tasked with addressing various human rights issues in a country. However, not all concerns fall under its primary focus.
Key Human Rights Concerns Addressed by NHRC
- Child Labor:
- NHRC recognizes child labor as a severe violation of human rights, advocating for the protection of children from exploitation.
- Excessive Powers:
- The NHRC monitors and addresses the misuse of power by authorities, ensuring that human rights are not infringed upon by those in positions of authority.
- Extrajudicial Killings:
- The commission actively investigates cases of extrajudicial killings, emphasizing the need for accountability and justice in such matters.
Environmental Rights: A Missed Concern
- Environmental Rights:
- Unlike the other issues, environmental rights are not traditionally highlighted as a direct concern by the NHRC. While environmental degradation can impact human rights, it is often addressed through different legal frameworks and agencies focused on environmental protection rather than through the NHRC's primary human rights mandate.
Conclusion
In summary, while NHRC plays a significant role in addressing various human rights issues, environmental rights are not explicitly listed among its primary concerns. This distinction is crucial for understanding the scope and limitations of NHRC's mandate in the broader context of human rights advocacy.

The Delimitation Commission in the Constitution of India is dealt with under Article 324.

Under the Indian Constitution, the Delimitation Commission is responsible for the demarcation of boundaries of Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly constituencies. The purpose of delimitation is to ensure fair representation in the legislature by adjusting the boundaries of constituencies based on changes in population and other factors. The Delimitation Commission is constituted by the President of India and operates independently of the government.

Article 324 of the Constitution of India
Article 324 of the Constitution of India deals with the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission. It empowers the Election Commission of India to supervise the entire process of elections, including the delimitation of constituencies.

Key Provisions of Article 324
- Article 324(1) states that the superintendence, direction, and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to Parliament and state legislatures shall be vested in the Election Commission.
- Article 324(2) empowers the President of India to appoint the Election Commission and determines the tenure and conditions of service of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners.
- Article 324(3) provides the Election Commission with the power to delegate its functions and powers to other authorities for the conduct of elections, subject to certain conditions.
- Article 324(6) states that the Election Commission shall consist of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners as the President may appoint.

Role of Delimitation Commission
The Delimitation Commission, constituted under Article 324 of the Constitution, is responsible for the following:
1. Determining the boundaries of constituencies: The Commission reviews the existing boundaries of parliamentary and assembly constituencies and adjusts them based on changes in population, geography, and other relevant factors. The aim is to ensure equal representation and avoid malapportionment.
2. Fixing the number of seats: The Commission determines the number of seats to be allocated to each state and union territory based on the population census data.
3. Identifying reserved constituencies: The Commission identifies constituencies reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as per the provisions of the Constitution.
4. Publishing draft proposals: The Commission publishes draft proposals for delimitation, inviting objections and suggestions from the public.
5. Finalizing delimitation order: After considering objections and suggestions, the Commission prepares and publishes the final delimitation order.

Conclusion
Article 324 of the Constitution of India empowers the Election Commission to supervise and control the entire electoral process, including the delimitation of constituencies. The Delimitation Commission, constituted under Article 324, plays a crucial role in determining the boundaries and number of seats for parliamentary and assembly constituencies. Its objective is to ensure fair representation and equal voting rights for all citizens of India.

Overview of NHRC
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act. Its primary role is to ensure the protection and promotion of human rights in the country.
Main Purpose of NHRC
The main purpose of the NHRC is to investigate and address violations of human rights. This encompasses a broad range of activities aimed at safeguarding the dignity and rights of individuals.
Key Functions of NHRC
- Investigation: The NHRC has the authority to investigate complaints regarding violations of human rights. This includes cases of custodial deaths, custodial violence, and other forms of abuse.
- Monitoring: It monitors the implementation of human rights laws and policies by the government and other authorities, ensuring compliance with national and international standards.
- Awareness and Education: The NHRC actively promotes awareness of human rights through campaigns, workshops, and educational programs, encouraging citizens to understand and assert their rights.
- Recommendations: The commission makes recommendations to the government for improving human rights conditions and addressing systemic issues that lead to violations.
- Legal Aid: It provides legal assistance to victims of human rights violations and facilitates access to justice.
Conclusion
In summary, the NHRC plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights in India. By investigating violations and promoting awareness, it contributes significantly to the protection of individuals' rights and the overall enhancement of human dignity in society. Thus, option 'B' accurately captures the essence of NHRC's purpose.

The primary role of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is to curb corruption in government offices.

The Chief Information Commissioner and Information Commissioners in the Central Information Commission hold office for five years.

The recent amendment to the NIA Act allows the agency to investigate offenses related to human trafficking, among other additional offenses. This expands its mandate beyond its original focus on terrorism-related crimes.

The primary objective of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) is to combat terrorism and related crimes in India. The NIA was established to investigate and prosecute offenses affecting the sovereignty, security, and integrity of India, as well as offenses against atomic and nuclear facilities, smuggling of high-quality counterfeit Indian currency, and more. It serves as the central agency for counter-terrorism law enforcement in India.

The main responsibility of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) in India is human resource development and capacity building for disaster management, as per the guidelines laid down by NDMA.

The State Chief Information Commissioner (SCIC) and State Information Commissioners (SIC) are appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of a committee.

The text suggests that one way forward for strengthening Lokpal is to provide it with constitutional recognition,.

During inquiries, the Central Information Commission has the powers of a civil court.

The State Information Commission can have a maximum of 10 State Information Commissioners (SIC) appointed by the Governor.

The CBI faces an acute shortage of manpower in the ranks of Constable, Head Constable, Inspector, and Superintendent of Police.

The exclusion of the CBI from the purview of the RTI Act primarily raises questions about the transparency of its investigations.

The Chairman and members of NHRC are appointed for a term of 5 years or till the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier, as mentioned in the text.

The NHRC of India was established on 12 October 1993, as per the provisions of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

The main limitation on the State Human Rights Commission's (SHRC) power to inquire into human rights violations is that it cannot inquire into matters occurring more than one year prior to the date of the complaint.

CVC members can be removed on the grounds of proved misbehavior.

The NDMA in India has a primary purpose of coordinating responses to both natural and man-made disasters, in addition to capacity-building in disaster resiliency and crisis response. It is responsible for laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management, ensuring timely and effective responses to disasters.

While NITI Aayog has multiple objectives, focusing on technology improvement is not explicitly mentioned in the provided text. The objectives include promoting cooperative federalism, providing equal opportunity, enhancing national security interests, and more.

The annual report submitted by the Central Information Commission to the central government is for assessing the implementation of the provisions of the Right to Information Act and its effectiveness.

The full-time organizational framework of NITI Aayog includes the Prime Minister as the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, Members, and Chief Executive Officer, among others.

The judges of the Supreme Court are excluded from the ambit of Lokpal.

The preliminary investigation by Lokpal should be normally completed within 90 days.

There is a huge backlog of cases with the Central Information Commission, indicating that it is overwhelmed with its workload.

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) was given statutory status by the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) Act, 2003.

The Chairman and members of the NHRC of India are appointed by the President of India, based on the recommendation of a high-powered committee headed by the Prime Minister.

The Protection of Human Rights Act is silent about the specific definition of offenses arising out of violations of human rights, which can create some ambiguity.

The Policy Research & Programmes Division of NHRC is responsible for spreading human rights literacy among various sections of society and promoting awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights.

Members of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) hold office for a term of four years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.