All questions of State Legislature for UPSC CSE Exam

Explanation:

Article 175 of the Indian Constitution

- Article 175 of the Indian Constitution deals with the right of the Governor to address and send messages to the Legislative Assembly or Council.
- This article specifically grants the Governor the privilege of addressing and sending messages to the Legislative Assembly or Council of the state.

Role of the Governor

- The Governor is the ceremonial head of the state and acts as the representative of the President of India at the state level.
- The Governor plays a crucial role in the functioning of the state government by giving assent to bills, appointing the Chief Minister, and other important functions.

Addressing the Legislative Assembly or Council

- The Governor has the right to address the Legislative Assembly or Council on various occasions such as the commencement of the first session of the year, the joint session of the two Houses, etc.
- Through these addresses, the Governor can communicate the policies and programs of the state government to the members of the Legislative Assembly or Council.

Sending Messages

- Apart from addressing the Legislative Assembly or Council, the Governor also has the right to send messages to them.
- These messages can contain important information, recommendations, or requests from the Governor to the members of the Legislative Assembly or Council.

In conclusion, Article 175 of the Indian Constitution grants the Governor the right to address and send messages to the Legislative Assembly or Council, allowing the Governor to play a significant role in the state's governance and functioning.

In 1992, bicameral legislatures existed in five states of India. The states where bicameral legislatures were present in 1992 were:

1. Uttar Pradesh:
- Uttar Pradesh had a bicameral legislature consisting of two houses - the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly was the lower house, consisting of elected representatives, while the Legislative Council was the upper house, consisting of members elected by various bodies such as local authorities, graduates, and teachers.

2. Bihar:
- Bihar also had a bicameral legislature in 1992. Similar to Uttar Pradesh, it consisted of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly was the lower house, elected by the people, while the Legislative Council was the upper house, with members elected by different constituencies such as local authorities, teachers, and graduates.

3. Maharashtra:
- Maharashtra had a bicameral legislature with the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly was the lower house, consisting of elected representatives, while the Legislative Council was the upper house, with members elected by various bodies such as local authorities, teachers, and graduates.

4. Karnataka:
- Karnataka also had a bicameral legislature in 1992. It included the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly was the lower house, elected by the people, while the Legislative Council was the upper house, with members elected by different constituencies such as local authorities, teachers, and graduates.

5. Andhra Pradesh:
- Andhra Pradesh had a bicameral legislature during that time. It consisted of the Legislative Assembly as the lower house and the Legislative Council as the upper house. The Legislative Assembly had elected representatives, while the Legislative Council had members elected by various constituencies such as local authorities, teachers, and graduates.

It is important to note that the number of states with bicameral legislatures may change over time as states have the power to modify their legislative setup.

As per Article 172, approximately one-third of the members of the Legislative Council of a State shall retire every second year.

Article 171(3)(a) mentions that members in the Legislative Council shall be elected by electorates consisting of graduates.

Article 177 grants the Advocate-General for a State the right to speak and participate in the proceedings of the State Legislature but does not entitle them to vote.

Article 169 states that Parliament has the authority to create or abolish Legislative Councils in States.

The President can refer a reserved Bill to the Supreme Court for advisory opinion when there are doubts about the constitutionality of the Bill, as mentioned in the provided information. This allows for a legal review of the Bill's compatibility with the Constitution.

Article 173 states that a person must be not less than twenty-five years of age to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislative Assembly.

Article 172 specifies that a Legislative Assembly of a State shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting unless dissolved.

According to Article 171 of the Indian Constitution, the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall not be less than forty.

One of the primary functions of the State Legislature in India, as mentioned in the provided information, is the control of the finances of the state.

Article 172 allows the extension of the Legislative Assembly's term by Parliament during a Proclamation of Emergency, but not under other circumstances.

In the case of a deadlock between the two Houses of a State Legislature, the procedure for resolving it is not a joint sitting, as in the Parliament. Instead, the will of the lower House, which is the Assembly, ultimately prevails, as mentioned in the provided information.

The normal tenure of a Legislative Assembly in a State is five years, as mentioned in the provided information. However, it can be dissolved earlier by the President on the recommendation of the Governor.

According to the information, the Governor has the power to nominate one member from the Anglo-Indian community to a State Legislative Assembly if he feels that the community is not represented.

As per the provided information, the minimum number of seats fixed for a Legislative Assembly in India is 60.

To be a member of the State Legislative Assembly in India, a person must be an Indian citizen and be at least 25 years of age, as per the information provided.

As per the provided information, the minimum quorum required to constitute a meeting of a State Legislative Assembly is ten members or one-tenth of the total number of members, whichever is greater.

According to the information, if a person remains absent from the State Legislature without permission for a period of six days, the House may declare their seat vacant.