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Which of the following compounds is used in the manufacture of soap?- a)Ethanol
- b)Glycerol
- c)Sodium chloride
- d)Sodium hydroxide
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is used in the manufacture of soap?
a)
Ethanol
b)
Glycerol
c)
Sodium chloride
d)
Sodium hydroxide
|
Swati Sharma answered |
Manufacture of Soap:
Sodium Hydroxide:
- Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is a compound commonly used in the manufacture of soap.
- It is a strong base that is essential in the saponification process, which is the reaction that converts fats and oils into soap.
- Sodium hydroxide helps to break down the triglyceride molecules found in fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acid salts, which are the components of soap.
Role in Soap Making:
- In the soap making process, sodium hydroxide reacts with fats/oils to form soap through a chemical reaction called saponification.
- This reaction results in the formation of soap molecules and glycerol, which is a byproduct.
- The soap molecules have hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) ends, allowing them to effectively clean dirt and oil from surfaces.
Importance in Soap Production:
- Sodium hydroxide is crucial in the soap-making process as it determines the properties of the final product.
- The amount of sodium hydroxide used influences the hardness of the soap, its cleansing ability, and its lathering properties.
- Proper handling of sodium hydroxide is necessary due to its caustic nature, and safety precautions must be followed during soap production.
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, sodium hydroxide plays a vital role in the manufacture of soap by enabling the saponification process to occur and producing soap molecules from fats/oils. It is an essential ingredient in soap production due to its chemical properties and influence on the characteristics of the final product.
Sodium Hydroxide:
- Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is a compound commonly used in the manufacture of soap.
- It is a strong base that is essential in the saponification process, which is the reaction that converts fats and oils into soap.
- Sodium hydroxide helps to break down the triglyceride molecules found in fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acid salts, which are the components of soap.
Role in Soap Making:
- In the soap making process, sodium hydroxide reacts with fats/oils to form soap through a chemical reaction called saponification.
- This reaction results in the formation of soap molecules and glycerol, which is a byproduct.
- The soap molecules have hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) ends, allowing them to effectively clean dirt and oil from surfaces.
Importance in Soap Production:
- Sodium hydroxide is crucial in the soap-making process as it determines the properties of the final product.
- The amount of sodium hydroxide used influences the hardness of the soap, its cleansing ability, and its lathering properties.
- Proper handling of sodium hydroxide is necessary due to its caustic nature, and safety precautions must be followed during soap production.
Conclusion:
- In conclusion, sodium hydroxide plays a vital role in the manufacture of soap by enabling the saponification process to occur and producing soap molecules from fats/oils. It is an essential ingredient in soap production due to its chemical properties and influence on the characteristics of the final product.
The process of converting alcohols into corresponding alkyl halides is known as:- a)Oxidation
- b)Dehydration
- c)Halogenation
- d)Esterification
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The process of converting alcohols into corresponding alkyl halides is known as:
a)
Oxidation
b)
Dehydration
c)
Halogenation
d)
Esterification
|
Ipsita Bajaj answered |
Halogenation
The process of converting alcohols into corresponding alkyl halides is known as halogenation. This reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group (-OH) of an alcohol with a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine) to form an alkyl halide.
Mechanism of Halogenation
1. Protonation: The alcohol molecule is protonated to form a good leaving group, which is water.
2. Nucleophilic substitution: The halide anion acts as a nucleophile and attacks the protonated alcohol molecule, leading to the formation of an alkyl halide.
3. Deprotonation: The resulting alkyl halide is deprotonated to restore the halide anion and complete the reaction.
Significance of Halogenation
- Alkyl halides are versatile compounds that find applications in various organic synthesis reactions.
- They can undergo further reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and other functional group transformations.
In conclusion, halogenation is a useful method for converting alcohols into alkyl halides, providing access to a wide range of important organic compounds.
The process of converting alcohols into corresponding alkyl halides is known as halogenation. This reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group (-OH) of an alcohol with a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine) to form an alkyl halide.
Mechanism of Halogenation
1. Protonation: The alcohol molecule is protonated to form a good leaving group, which is water.
2. Nucleophilic substitution: The halide anion acts as a nucleophile and attacks the protonated alcohol molecule, leading to the formation of an alkyl halide.
3. Deprotonation: The resulting alkyl halide is deprotonated to restore the halide anion and complete the reaction.
Significance of Halogenation
- Alkyl halides are versatile compounds that find applications in various organic synthesis reactions.
- They can undergo further reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and other functional group transformations.
In conclusion, halogenation is a useful method for converting alcohols into alkyl halides, providing access to a wide range of important organic compounds.
Which of the following compounds is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs?- a)Methane
- b)Ethanol
- c)Ethanoic acid
- d)Hydrogen sulfide
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs?
a)
Methane
b)
Ethanol
c)
Ethanoic acid
d)
Hydrogen sulfide
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is responsible for the characteristic smell of rotten eggs. It is a toxic gas produced by the decomposition of organic matter containing sulfur.
What is the molecular formula of ethene?- a)C2H4
- b)C2H6
- c)C3H6
- d)C3H8
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the molecular formula of ethene?
a)
C2H4
b)
C2H6
c)
C3H6
d)
C3H8
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Ethene has the molecular formula C2H4. It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and is commonly known as ethylene.
Which of the following compounds is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant?- a)Formaldehyde
- b)Acetone
- c)Ethanol
- d)Acetic acid
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant?
a)
Formaldehyde
b)
Acetone
c)
Ethanol
d)
Acetic acid
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Ethanol is commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It has antimicrobial properties and is effective in killing bacteria and viruses.
What is the common name for ethanoic acid?- a)Acetic acid
- b)Citric acid
- c)Lactic acid
- d)Salicylic acid
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the common name for ethanoic acid?
a)
Acetic acid
b)
Citric acid
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Salicylic acid
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Ethanoic acid is commonly known as acetic acid. It is a weak acid with a sour taste and a pungent smell. Acetic acid is widely used in the production of vinegar, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
Which of the following is used as a solvent for dry cleaning?
- a)Water
- b)Ethanol
- c)Petrol
- d)Coal tar
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is used as a solvent for dry cleaning?
a)
Water
b)
Ethanol
c)
Petrol
d)
Coal tar
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Chloroform is commonly used as a solvent for dry cleaning. It is a volatile organic compound that can dissolve a variety of substances, making it suitable for cleaning fabrics.
Which of the following compounds is used as a local anesthetic?- a)Benzene
- b)Chloroform
- c)Acetone
- d)Phenol
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is used as a local anesthetic?
a)
Benzene
b)
Chloroform
c)
Acetone
d)
Phenol
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Chloroform is used as a local anesthetic. It is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that was commonly used in the past for medical purposes. However, due to its toxic nature, its use has significantly decreased.
Which of the following compounds is known as "wood alcohol"?- a)Methanol
- b)Ethanol
- c)Propanol
- d)Butanol
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is known as "wood alcohol"?
a)
Methanol
b)
Ethanol
c)
Propanol
d)
Butanol
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Methanol is commonly known as "wood alcohol." It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent, fuel, and antifreeze. It is highly toxic if ingested.
The general formula CnH2n+2 represents which type of hydrocarbons?- a)Alkanes
- b)Alkenes
- c)Alkynes
- d)Aromatics
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The general formula CnH2n+2 represents which type of hydrocarbons?
a)
Alkanes
b)
Alkenes
c)
Alkynes
d)
Aromatics
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
The general formula CnH2n+2 represents alkanes. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
What is the functional group present in alcohols?- a)-OH (hydroxyl)
- b)-COOH (carboxyl)
- c)-CHO (aldehyde)
- d)-NH2 (amine)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the functional group present in alcohols?
a)
-OH (hydroxyl)
b)
-COOH (carboxyl)
c)
-CHO (aldehyde)
d)
-NH2 (amine)
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Alcohols have the functional group -OH (hydroxyl) attached to a carbon atom. This functional group is responsible for the characteristic properties of alcohols.
The process of burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is called:- a)Hydrolysis
- b)Combustion
- c)Saponification
- d)Polymerization
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The process of burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is called:
a)
Hydrolysis
b)
Combustion
c)
Saponification
d)
Polymerization
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
The process of burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water is called combustion. It is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light.
The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to convert it into a saturated hydrocarbon is called:- a)Polymerization
- b)Esterification
- c)Fermentation
- d)Hydrogenation
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to convert it into a saturated hydrocarbon is called:
a)
Polymerization
b)
Esterification
c)
Fermentation
d)
Hydrogenation
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon, such as an alkene or alkyne, to convert it into a saturated hydrocarbon. This process is commonly used in the food industry to produce solid fats from liquid oils.
Which of the following is an example of an aromatic compound?- a)Butane
- b)Ethanol
- c)Toluene
- d)Propene
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is an example of an aromatic compound?
a)
Butane
b)
Ethanol
c)
Toluene
d)
Propene
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Toluene is an aromatic compound. Aromatic compounds are characterized by the presence of a benzene ring or a similar structure. Toluene is often used as a solvent and is an important precursor in the production of many chemicals.
Which of the following compounds is used as a refrigerant?- a)Methane
- b)Ethane
- c)Propane
- d)Freon
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following compounds is used as a refrigerant?
a)
Methane
b)
Ethane
c)
Propane
d)
Freon
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Freon is a group of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compounds used as refrigerants. These compounds have been widely phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer.
What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3?- a)Butane
- b)Ethane
- c)Propane
- d)Pentane
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3?
a)
Butane
b)
Ethane
c)
Propane
d)
Pentane
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
The IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 is butane. Butane is an alkane with four carbon atoms in a continuous chain.
Which of the following is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon?- a)Ethane
- b)Ethene
- c)Ethyne
- d)Benzene
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon?
a)
Ethane
b)
Ethene
c)
Ethyne
d)
Benzene
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Ethane is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms and are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.
Which of the following elements is the basis of organic chemistry?- a)Carbon
- b)Hydrogen
- c)Oxygen
- d)Nitrogen
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following elements is the basis of organic chemistry?
a)
Carbon
b)
Hydrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
Nitrogen
|
|
Catalyst Learningacademy answered |
Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry. Organic compounds contain carbon atoms bonded with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, etc. This unique property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of compounds.
The process of converting vegetable oils into solid fats is called:- a)Hydrogenation
- b)Esterification
- c)Fermentation
- d)Saponification
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The process of converting vegetable oils into solid fats is called:
a)
Hydrogenation
b)
Esterification
c)
Fermentation
d)
Saponification
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
The process of converting vegetable oils into solid fats is called hydrogenation. It involves the addition of hydrogen gas to unsaturated fats to make them more saturated and solid at room temperature.
Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of:- a)Isotopes
- b)Allotropes
- c)Isomers
- d)Polymers
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of:
a)
Isotopes
b)
Allotropes
c)
Isomers
d)
Polymers
|
|
Paradigm Institute answered |
Carbon can form bonds with other carbon atoms, leading to the formation of allotropes. Allotropes are different forms of the same element with varying structural arrangements. Examples of carbon allotropes include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes.
Chapter doubts & questions for Carbon & its Compounds - Lucent for GK 2025 is part of UPSC CSE exam preparation. The chapters have been prepared according to the UPSC CSE exam syllabus. The Chapter doubts & questions, notes, tests & MCQs are made for UPSC CSE 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests here.
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