All questions of Parliaments for UPSC CSE Exam

Overview of the Indian Parliament
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body responsible for making laws, representing the citizenry, and overseeing the functioning of the government. It is a bicameral institution, meaning it consists of two houses.
Two Houses of Parliament
- Lok Sabha:
- Also known as the House of the People.
- Comprises Members of Parliament (MPs) directly elected by the citizens of India.
- The Lok Sabha has a maximum strength of 552 members, of which 530 are from the states, 20 from the Union territories, and 2 are nominated by the President of India.
- Plays a crucial role in the legislative process, as most bills are introduced and debated here.
- Rajya Sabha:
- Known as the Council of States.
- Members are not directly elected by the public but are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies and the President of India.
- It consists of a maximum of 250 members, with 238 representing the states and Union territories and 12 nominated by the President for their expertise in specific fields.
- Functions primarily as a revising chamber, reviewing and suggesting amendments to legislation proposed by the Lok Sabha.
Conclusion
The correct answer to the question is option 'A' (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). These two houses work together to formulate laws and policies that govern the nation, ensuring representation and accountability in the Indian democratic process.

Understanding the Bicameral System in Switzerland
Switzerland is known for its unique political structure, which includes a bicameral system comprising two houses: the National Council and the National Assembly.
Key Features of Switzerland's Bicameral System
- National Council:
- Represents the Swiss population.
- Composed of 200 members elected for a four-year term.
- Members are elected through a proportional representation system, allowing for a diverse representation of political parties.
- National Assembly:
- Also known as the Council of States.
- Comprises 46 members, representing the 26 cantons of Switzerland.
- Each canton has equal representation, with two representatives from each full canton and one from each half-canton.
Legislative Process
- Both chambers work together to create and amend laws.
- Legislation must be approved by both the National Council and the National Assembly.
- This system ensures a balance between the interests of the population and the cantons, fostering Switzerland's federal structure.
Significance of the Bicameral System
- Promotes collaboration and consensus in law-making.
- Protects the interests of smaller cantons against the majority.
- Encourages political stability and diversity within the legislative process.
In conclusion, Switzerland's bicameral system, consisting of the National Council and the National Assembly, exemplifies a balanced approach to governance, ensuring representation and collaboration among its diverse population and cantonal interests.