All questions of Administration, Economic & Social Life During The Sultanate Period for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

I think it was turkan e chahalgani

"the sun never sets"?

Turkan-i-Chahalgani was the most well-known and powerful group of nobles created during the Sultanate period in India.

The Turkan-i-Chahalgani were a group of forty Turkish nobles who served as the highest-ranking officials and advisors to the sultan. They were known for their influence and power within the administration and played a crucial role in shaping the policies and decisions of the sultanate.

During the Sultanate period, which lasted from the 13th to the 16th century, the Delhi Sultanate was established by Turkish Muslim invaders. The sultans relied heavily on the support of the nobles to govern their vast territories and maintain control over the local populations.

The Turkan-i-Chahalgani were appointed by the sultan and held various important positions in the administration. They were responsible for managing the military, collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and overseeing the day-to-day affairs of the kingdom.

The group was led by a chief called the Naib-i-Mamlakat, who acted as the prime minister and the most influential advisor to the sultan. The position of Naib-i-Mamlakat was highly prestigious and carried immense power and authority.

The Turkan-i-Chahalgani played a significant role in the political and social life of the sultanate. They were responsible for maintaining stability and order, defending the kingdom from external threats, and promoting the interests of the ruling elite.

The group also had a significant impact on the cultural and architectural developments of the period. Many of the Turkan-i-Chahalgani members patronized art, literature, and architecture, resulting in the construction of magnificent buildings and monuments across the sultanate.

In conclusion, the Turkan-i-Chahalgani were the most well-known and powerful group of nobles during the Sultanate period. They held important positions in the administration, influenced the policies of the sultanate, and played a crucial role in shaping the political, social, and cultural landscape of the time.

Firuz Tughlaq, also known as Firoz Shah Tughlaq, was the third ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty in India. He reigned from 1351 to 1388. During his reign, Firuz Tughlaq founded several cities across northern India, aiming to establish his authority and leave a lasting legacy. Among these cities are:

1. Jaunpur:
Jaunpur is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was founded by Firuz Tughlaq in 1359. The city served as an important center of Islamic culture and scholarship during the Tughlaq period.

2. Hissar:
Hissar, also known as Hisar, is a city in present-day Haryana, India. Firuz Tughlaq founded this city in 1354. Hissar was strategically located and served as an important administrative and military center during the Tughlaq rule.

3. Firuzpur:
Firuzpur, also spelled Ferozepur, is a city in the state of Punjab, India. It was founded by Firuz Tughlaq in 1360. The city played a significant role in the history of Punjab and served as an important trading and military center.

4. Firuzabad:
Firuzabad, also known as Firozabad, is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It was founded by Firuz Tughlaq in 1354. The city was intended to serve as the capital of Firuz Tughlaq's empire but was later abandoned.

All of the above:
Therefore, the correct answer is option 'E' - All of the above. Firuz Tughlaq founded Jaunpur, Hissar, Firuzpur, and Firuzabad during his reign as the ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty. These cities were established for various purposes, including administration, military control, and cultural development. They played important roles in the history and heritage of the regions they are located in.

Muslim State in India during the Sultanate period

During the Sultanate period in India (1206-1526), Muslim rulers established their rule in various parts of the subcontinent. The nature of the Muslim state during this period can be understood through the following points:

Militaristic and Aristocratic
- The Muslim state in India during the Sultanate period was characterized by a militaristic and aristocratic nature.
- The ruling class consisted of military elites who held significant power and authority.
- The sultans and their nobles maintained large armies and engaged in frequent military campaigns to expand and consolidate their territories.
- The military strength of the ruling class played a crucial role in maintaining their control over the region.

Privileges and Power
- The Muslim state in India was based on the notion of privileges and power rather than the idea of equality.
- The ruling elite enjoyed certain privileges and rights, including land grants, tax exemptions, and control over resources.
- The common people, on the other hand, had limited access to political power and were subject to the authority of the ruling class.
- The Muslim rulers implemented a hierarchical system where privileges were granted based on social status and loyalty to the state.

Tacit Sharing of Power
- There was a kind of tacit sharing of power between the rural Hindu aristocracy and the city-based administrators during the Sultanate period.
- The Muslim rulers recognized the influence and importance of the rural Hindu aristocracy, particularly the landed elites.
- They often appointed Hindu officials in administrative positions and allowed them to retain their traditional privileges and authority.
- This approach helped in maintaining stability and support from the local Hindu population.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the correct statement about the nature of the Muslim state in India during the Sultanate period is option 'D' - all of the above. The Muslim state was militaristic and aristocratic, based on privileges and power, and witnessed a tacit sharing of power between the rural Hindu aristocracy and the city-based administrators. This understanding helps in comprehending the dynamics of governance and power relations during the Sultanate period in India.