All questions of Indian Monsoon for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

• The southwest monsoon brings rains towards the end of summer as the high pressure built in the Indian Ocean pushes the wind masses towards the low pressure formed on land.
• It’s the temperature variation between the sea and the landmass – sea air being cooler and land being warmer – that causes the action. Also, we have to take an important factor called Temperature Gradient into consideration.
• It is the Temperature Variation Between The landmass and the surrounding sea.

The general trend of the arrival of Southwest Monsoon in Kerala is the last (3-4) days of May to early days of June.

It occurs from June to September. As Southwest Monsoon approaches the withdrawal phase from a particular region, certain conditions become prevalent. These include change of wind pattern, reduction in cloud cover, and decrease in humidity, cessation of rain or sporadic rain, and temporary rising tendency of temperatures.

Monsoon Season in India
The monsoon season in India typically lasts from June to September and brings much-needed rainfall to different parts of the country. The monsoon winds originate over the Indian Ocean and bring moisture-laden clouds to the Indian subcontinent.

Retreating Monsoon
The retreating monsoon occurs when the monsoon winds start to withdraw from the Indian subcontinent, leading to a decrease in rainfall in many regions. This usually happens around the month of October.

Rainfall Distribution
During the retreating monsoon period, certain regions in India receive rainfall due to the withdrawal of the monsoon winds. Tamil Nadu is one such region that benefits from the retreating monsoon, receiving rainfall as the monsoon winds move away from the Indian subcontinent.

Effect on Tamil Nadu
The retreating monsoon brings rainfall to Tamil Nadu, which helps in replenishing water sources, irrigation for agriculture, and overall sustenance for the region. The rainfall during this period is crucial for the state to support its agricultural activities and maintain water levels in reservoirs.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the retreating monsoon plays a vital role in providing rainfall to different parts of India, including Tamil Nadu. Understanding the patterns of the monsoon season is essential for agriculture, water resource management, and overall environmental sustainability in the country.

• El Nino is the name given to the warm ocean currents along the Pacific coast of South America that arise every few years at about Christmas time.
• The El Nino phenomenon is a part of a chain of meteorological events that extends from the eastern Pacific to northern Australia, Indonesia and into the heartland of India.
• There is a rather weak correlation between El Nino and the Indian monsoon rains.

Southwest Monsoon accounts for around 85% of India’s total rainfall.

All the given factors in the options (eg. location, thermal contrast, upper air circulation and the Himalayan mountains) are responsible for the monsoon type of climate in India.

• The southwest Monsoon brings rains towards the end of summer as the high pressure built in the Indian Ocean pushes the wind masses towards the low pressure formed on land.
• The southwestern summer Monsoons occur from July through September. Northern and central Indian subcontinent heats up during the hot summers.
• This causes a low-pressure area over the northern and central Indian subcontinent. To fill this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean rush into the subcontinent.
• These winds, rich in moisture, are drawn towards the Himalayas. The Himalayas act like a high wall, blocking the winds from passing into Central Asia and forcing them to rise. As the clouds rise their temperature drops and precipitation occurs.

• Southwest monsoon is the main mechanism through which nearly all Indian landmass experiences rainfall. It accounts for nearly 80% rainfall of whole India.
• The vast size of the Indian continent helps in developing the thermal gradient necessary to attract the vapour laden air from the sea.
• Very high and extensive mountain systems of the Himalayas in the north, extending in an east-west direction, thus posing a formidable physical barrier between tropical and polar air masses.
• These barriers induce the precipitation of water from moisture-laden air. As the air climbs up the Himalayas their moisture retention capacity decreases due to cooling effect and this results into high rainfall.