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All questions of Human Geography for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

In describing the process of spatial interaction, geographers are most concerned with-
  • a)
    Density and Dispersion
  • b)
    Diffusion and Pattern
  • c)
    Accessibility and Connectivity
  • d)
    Pedestrian Cities
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Kapoor answered
Spatial interaction is a dynamic flow process from one location to another. In describing the process of it, geographers are most concerned with Accessibility and Connectivity.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the most appropriate option.
My heart grieved when I read the other day a news item that more than two-thirds of the elderly are being ignored in their twilight years. They are isolated by their own children and are experiencing loneliness in their present lives. Most of them say they are not being respected or given good treatment by their family or society, and they are being discriminated against in their old age. Majority of the elderly attributed their loneliness to no or little interaction with family members. With fast changing socio-economic scenarios, growing nuclear families and changing value systems, the needs of the elderly have also changed. The most common problems that the elderly face are – marginalization, lack of love and affection from their loved ones, little or no access to medicines and healthcare, finding it difficult to secure their life and property. They have no work opportunities as a result of which they face financial problems. They suffer from restricted mobility and have psychological problems on account of loneliness. To improve the situation for the elderly, the Government of India may consider enacting a law like many other countries have, to make it compulsory for children to maintain and look after their parents and also establish the National Commission for Elderly Persons. At the same time, the fact remains that the real compulsion has to come out of the bonds of affection between parents and children. We would not be wrong in saying that in India the joint-family system has made a powerful contribution in cementing the bonds of affection between the old and the young.
Q. Only ________ can keep the old united with the family. 
  • a)
    courts 
  • b)
    government rules 
  • c)
    social compulsions 
  • d)
    joint-family system 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Focus Academy answered
Explanation:


  • Social compulsions: Only through social compulsions can the old be kept united with the family. It is important for society to value and prioritize the care and respect of the elderly.

  • Government rules: While enacting laws can help in ensuring that children take care of their parents, the real bond between parents and children cannot be enforced solely through government rules.

  • Joint-family system: The joint-family system has historically played a significant role in fostering strong relationships between the elderly and the younger generations. It promotes a sense of shared responsibility and care within the family.

  • Courts: Involving courts in family matters may not always be effective in maintaining the unity of the elderly with their families. Legal enforcement may not always lead to genuine care and affection.

The Groups of people inhabiting Asiatic Tundra is known as
  • a)
    Vedda
  • b)
    Kirghiz
  • c)
    Samoyed
  • d)
    Gaucho
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Devanshi Reddy answered
The Groups of people inhabiting Asiatic Tundra
Asiaic Tundra is home to various indigenous groups, and one of the prominent groups is known as Samoyed.

Samoyed
The Samoyed people are indigenous to parts of Siberia, Russia, and they traditionally inhabited the Asiatic Tundra region.

Characteristics
- The Samoyed people are known for their semi-nomadic lifestyle, relying on reindeer herding, fishing, and hunting for sustenance.
- They have a unique culture and language, which are integral parts of their identity.
- Traditionally, they lived in portable tents known as "chums" and traveled with their reindeer herds in search of grazing grounds.

Relationship with the Environment
- The Samoyed people have a deep connection with the natural world and have adapted their way of life to the harsh conditions of the tundra.
- They have a profound respect for the land and animals, and their traditional practices are often sustainable and in harmony with nature.

Preservation of Culture
- Despite the challenges posed by modernization and climate change, efforts are being made to preserve the Samoyed culture and way of life.
- Initiatives such as cultural festivals, language revitalization programs, and sustainable development projects aim to safeguard their heritage for future generations.
In conclusion, the Samoyed people play a significant role in the cultural diversity of the Asiatic Tundra region, and their traditional knowledge and practices are invaluable for understanding and preserving this unique ecosystem.

Lapland is a cultural region largely within the Arctic Circle in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Who inhabited the Lapland?
  • a)
    Sami people
  • b)
    Padaung people
  • c)
    Hamar people
  • d)
    Himba people
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nisha Chavan answered
Lapland and its Inhabitants: Sami People

Lapland, a cultural region situated largely within the Arctic Circle in the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, is inhabited by the Sami people. With a rich cultural heritage and a deep connection to the land, the Sami are considered to be the indigenous people of the region.

1. The Sami People:
The Sami people, also known as Saami or Sámi, are an indigenous Finno-Ugric group that traditionally inhabited the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia's Kola Peninsula. They have a distinct language, culture, and way of life that has been shaped by their close relationship with nature and the Arctic environment.

2. History and Origins:
The Sami people have a long history that dates back thousands of years. They are believed to have migrated to northern Scandinavia from the east, and their presence in the region can be traced back to at least 2,000-3,000 BCE. Over the centuries, they have adapted to the harsh Arctic conditions and developed a unique culture based on reindeer herding, fishing, hunting, and gathering.

3. Traditional Livelihoods:
Reindeer herding has been a central part of the Sami way of life for centuries. They have traditionally relied on reindeer for food, clothing, and transportation. The Sami have developed a complex system of seasonal migration, where the herds are moved between different grazing areas depending on the changing seasons. This nomadic lifestyle has shaped their culture and traditions.

4. Cultural Identity:
The Sami people have a strong cultural identity that revolves around their language, music, traditional clothing, and handicrafts. They have a rich oral storytelling tradition that has been passed down through generations, preserving their history, mythology, and knowledge of the land. Their traditional clothing, known as gákti, varies between different Sami communities and is often adorned with intricate patterns and symbols.

5. Challenges and Preservation:
Like many indigenous communities, the Sami people have faced challenges over the years, including forced assimilation policies, land encroachments, and cultural suppression. However, they have actively worked towards preserving their language, culture, and rights. Today, the Sami Parliament represents their interests and works towards the protection and promotion of their unique heritage.

In conclusion, the Sami people are the primary inhabitants of Lapland, a cultural region in the Arctic Circle. With their deep connection to the land and a distinct way of life, they have managed to preserve their culture and traditions despite various challenges.

To which of the following racial groups, the natives of North America belong?
  • a)
    Austric
  • b)
    Caucasoid
  • c)
    Mongoloid
  • d)
    Negroid
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Abhay Malik answered
**Explanation:**
The natives of North America belong to the Mongoloid racial group. Here is an explanation of the various racial groups and why North American natives fall into the Mongoloid category.

**Austric:**
The Austric racial group refers to the indigenous people of Southeast Asia and Oceania, including the Austronesian-speaking populations. This racial group does not include the natives of North America.

**Caucasoid:**
The Caucasoid racial group includes people from Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. This racial group does not encompass the natives of North America.

**Mongoloid:**
The Mongoloid racial group includes populations from East Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Arctic regions. The natives of North America, commonly referred to as Native Americans or First Nations, fall into this racial group.

- Native Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia to North America via the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age.
- They share physical characteristics such as straight black hair, dark eyes, and a yellowish-brown skin tone with other Mongoloid populations.
- Mongoloid populations are also characterized by a low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, and shovel-shaped incisors, which are commonly found among Native Americans.
- The genetic and anthropological evidence supports the Mongoloid classification for the natives of North America.

**Negroid:**
The Negroid racial group refers to populations from sub-Saharan Africa and some parts of the Indian Ocean region. The natives of North America do not belong to this racial group.

In conclusion, the natives of North America belong to the Mongoloid racial group, which includes populations from East Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Arctic regions. They share physical characteristics and genetic traits with other Mongoloid populations, supporting their classification within this racial group.

Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Q. ________ is a prerequisite to learning a language. 
  • a)
    Motivation 
  • b)
    Reading stories 
  • c)
    Knowing words and their meanings 
  • d)
    Knowledge of grammar ​
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Importance of Knowing Words and Their Meanings in Learning a Language
Learning a language involves various components such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and cultural understanding. Among these, knowing words and their meanings is a crucial prerequisite for effective language learning. Here's why:

Comprehension:
- Understanding the meaning of words is essential for comprehending written and spoken language. Without a good vocabulary base, learners may struggle to grasp the overall message of texts or conversations.

Communication:
- Words are the building blocks of language and are used to convey thoughts, ideas, and emotions. By knowing a wide range of words and their meanings, learners can express themselves more clearly and effectively.

Grammar Understanding:
- Knowing words and their meanings is closely linked to understanding grammar rules. Vocabulary provides context for grammar structures, enabling learners to apply them correctly in sentences.

Language Acquisition:
- When learners have a strong vocabulary foundation, they can more easily acquire new words and phrases. This process of expanding vocabulary is essential for becoming fluent in a language.

Reading and Writing Skills:
- A rich vocabulary enhances reading comprehension and writing skills. Knowing words and their meanings allows learners to engage with texts more deeply and express their ideas more precisely in writing.
In conclusion, while motivation, reading stories, and knowledge of grammar are important aspects of language learning, knowing words and their meanings is a fundamental prerequisite. Building vocabulary not only facilitates comprehension, communication, and grammar understanding but also plays a key role in overall language acquisition and proficiency.

Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
Q. For process writing, which one of the following points should be followed? 
  • a)
    Use of personal pronouns 
  • b)
    Organisation of points 
  • c)
    Word limit 
  • d)
    Logical sequence ​
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Kritika Patel answered
Importance of Word Limit in Process Writing:
Process writing involves breaking down a writing task into manageable steps to help students develop their writing skills. One important point to follow in process writing is the word limit. Here's why it is essential:

Clarity and Conciseness:
- Having a word limit helps students focus on expressing their ideas clearly and concisely. It encourages them to select the most relevant information and present it in a coherent manner.

Time Management:
- Setting a word limit helps students manage their time effectively. It prevents them from spending too much time on unnecessary details and ensures that they allocate their time wisely to each stage of the writing process.

Focus on Key Points:
- A word limit forces students to prioritize the key points they want to convey in their writing. It encourages them to think critically about the content and structure of their piece, leading to a more focused and coherent final product.

Developing Editing Skills:
- By working within a word limit, students learn the importance of editing and revising their work. They become more aware of redundant phrases, irrelevant information, and wordy sentences, leading to improved writing skills over time.

Enhancing Writing Fluency:
- Practicing writing within a word limit helps students develop their writing fluency. It encourages them to express their ideas quickly and efficiently, leading to more confident and proficient writers in the long run.
In conclusion, following a word limit in process writing is crucial for promoting clarity, time management, focus, editing skills, and writing fluency among students. It is an essential aspect of the writing process that contributes to overall improvement in writing skills.

Who developed the first intelligence test? 
  • a)
    Sir Francis Galton 
  • b)
    Howard Gardner 
  • c)
    Charles Spearman 
  • d)
    Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Focus Academy answered
Development of the first intelligence test


  • Sir Francis Galton: While Galton did work on intelligence testing, he did not develop the first intelligence test. He is known for his contributions to the field of psychometrics.

  • Howard Gardner: Gardner is known for his theory of multiple intelligences, but he did not develop the first intelligence test.

  • Charles Spearman: Spearman is known for his work on the theory of general intelligence, but he did not develop the first intelligence test.

  • Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon: Binet and Simon are credited with developing the first intelligence test in the early 20th century. The Binet-Simon scale was designed to identify children who needed extra help in school.


Therefore, the correct answer is D: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.

What should teacher do before teaching the lesson? 
  • a)
    Lesson should be read by a student 
  • b)
    He should tell the main objective of the lesson 
  • c)
    He should point out the meaning of difficult words of lesson first 
  • d)
    He should tell answers of question of lessons first 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

JKL Classes answered
What should a teacher do before teaching the lesson?


  • Read the lesson: Before teaching, the teacher should thoroughly read and understand the lesson to be taught. This will help in delivering the content effectively and answering any questions that students may have.

  • Explain main objectives: The teacher should clearly explain the main objectives of the lesson to the students. This will give them a clear understanding of what they are expected to learn and achieve by the end of the lesson.

  • Discuss difficult words: It is important for the teacher to point out and explain the meaning of any difficult words or concepts in the lesson. This will help students grasp the content more easily and prevent any confusion.

  • Avoid giving answers: Teachers should refrain from giving away answers to questions in the lesson right at the beginning. This can discourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills in students. Instead, encourage students to think and analyze the content on their own.


By following these steps, teachers can better prepare themselves before teaching a lesson and ensure that students have a clear understanding of the content.

  • a)
    a
  • b)
    b
  • c)
    c
  • d)
    d
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditi Iyer answered
The Semang are a Negrito ethnic group of the Malay Peninsula. They are found in Perak, Kedah and Pahang of Malaysia. During the colonial British administration, Orang Asli living in the northern Malay Peninsula were classified as Sakai.

Tuareg is a pastoral nomad living in the desert of
  • a)
    Kalahari
  • b)
    Sahara
  • c)
    Arabia
  • d)
    Patagonia
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Deepa Iyer answered
The Tuareg is a pastoral nomad living in the desert of Sahara. They are found in Algeria, Mali Burkina Faso and Niger.

The nature of behaviour as far as social development and socialization processes are involved is 
  • a)
    Instinctivism 
  • b)
    Environmentalist 
  • c)
    Masochistic 
  • d)
    Sodistic. 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Behaviour and Social Development

Behaviour refers to the actions or reactions of an individual in response to internal or external stimuli. It is an essential aspect of social development and socialization processes. Social development involves the acquisition of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that enable individuals to interact effectively with others and participate in society.

Environmentalism

Environmentalism is a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behaviour. According to environmentalism, behaviour is learned through experiences and interactions with the environment. The environment includes physical, social, and cultural factors that influence behaviour.

Environmentalism and Social Development

Environmentalism provides a useful framework for understanding social development and socialization processes. Socialization involves the acquisition of social norms, values, and roles that enable individuals to function effectively in society. Socialization occurs through interactions with family members, peers, and other social agents.

The environment plays a crucial role in socialization processes. For example, family members provide the first socialization experiences for children, and they shape their attitudes, values, and behaviour. Peers also play an essential role in socialization, particularly in adolescence, when individuals seek acceptance and approval from their peers.

Cultural factors also influence socialization processes. Different cultures have different norms, values, and beliefs that shape behaviour. For example, in some cultures, it is considered appropriate to be reserved and quiet, while in others, it is acceptable to be more expressive and outgoing.

Conclusion

In conclusion, environmentalism provides a useful framework for understanding the role of the environment in shaping behaviour and social development. Socialization processes involve interactions with family members, peers, and other social agents, and cultural factors also play a crucial role in shaping behaviour. By understanding these processes, educators can create learning environments that promote positive social development and support students' academic success.

Which of the following decides morality at the primitive level of moral development according to Kohlberg theory 
  • a)
    Individual rights and social contracts 
  • b)
    Rewards and punishment 
  • c)
    Individual conscience 
  • d)
    Social approval or disapproval 
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mehul Das answered
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development proposes that individuals progress through six stages of moral development, which are divided into three levels. The first level is the pre-conventional level, which is where individuals make decisions based on their own self-interest and the consequences of their actions. The primitive level of moral development falls under this level.

Rewards and Punishment as a Deciding Factor of Morality

At the primitive level of moral development, individuals decide morality based on rewards and punishment. This means that they see an action as either good or bad based on the positive or negative consequences that may come from it. They are focused on their own self-interest and will do what is necessary to avoid punishment and gain rewards.

Example

For example, a child at this level may not steal a toy from a store because they know they will get in trouble and be punished. On the other hand, they may share their candy with a friend because they know it will make their friend happy and they may receive positive feedback or praise.

Conclusion

In conclusion, according to Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, the primitive level of moral development is characterized by individuals making decisions based on rewards and punishment. They are focused on their own self-interest and will do what is necessary to avoid punishment and gain rewards.

  • a)
    a
  • b)
    b
  • c)
    c
  • d)
    d
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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