All questions of Defence Technology for BPSC (Bihar) Exam

DRDO Laboratories

DRDO, which stands for Defence Research and Development Organization, currently has a total of 52 laboratories across India. These laboratories are responsible for conducting research and development in various fields related to defense technology.

Roles of DRDO Laboratories

- The laboratories under DRDO focus on developing cutting-edge technology and equipment for the Indian Armed Forces.
- They work on projects related to missiles, aircraft, naval systems, electronics, materials, and more.
- The laboratories also collaborate with academic institutions, industries, and other organizations to enhance their research capabilities.

Significance of DRDO Laboratories

- The work done in these laboratories plays a crucial role in strengthening India's defense capabilities.
- The innovations and developments by DRDO contribute to enhancing national security and defense preparedness.
- The laboratories also help in reducing the country's dependence on foreign technology by developing indigenous solutions.

In conclusion, the 52 laboratories of DRDO are instrumental in driving innovation, research, and development in the field of defense technology in India. Their work is vital for ensuring the country's security and self-reliance in defense capabilities.

The key difference between nuclear submarines and conventional submarines is that nuclear submarines have an unlimited range, while conventional submarines have a limited range.

Unlimited Range of Nuclear Submarines
Nuclear submarines are powered by nuclear reactors, which generate heat through a process called nuclear fission. This heat is then used to produce steam, which drives turbines that propel the submarine. Unlike conventional submarines that rely on diesel engines for propulsion, nuclear submarines do not require refueling as long as the reactor remains operational. This allows them to operate for extended periods of time without needing to surface or be refueled, giving them an unlimited range. The nuclear reactors can provide power for the submarine's propulsion and other systems for several years, allowing the submarine to stay submerged for months or even years at a time.

Limited Range of Conventional Submarines
On the other hand, conventional submarines are powered by diesel engines that require regular refueling. Diesel engines are not as efficient as nuclear reactors and require a constant supply of fuel, typically diesel or marine diesel oil. This limits the range of conventional submarines as they can only carry a limited amount of fuel, which needs to be replenished periodically. Additionally, conventional submarines need to surface frequently to recharge their batteries, replenish their air supply, and refuel. These limitations make conventional submarines more dependent on logistics and restrict their operational range compared to nuclear submarines.

Significance of Unlimited Range
The unlimited range of nuclear submarines offers several advantages. Firstly, it allows nuclear submarines to operate far from their homeports, increasing their strategic reach and enabling them to carry out long-duration missions. Secondly, the ability to remain submerged for extended periods of time enhances their stealth capabilities, making them harder to detect by enemy forces. Furthermore, the unlimited range of nuclear submarines reduces their vulnerability to attacks, as they do not need to surface as frequently and can avoid potential threats on the surface.

In conclusion, the key difference between nuclear submarines and conventional submarines lies in their propulsion systems and the resulting range. While nuclear submarines have an unlimited range due to their use of nuclear reactors, conventional submarines have a limited range as they rely on diesel engines. The unlimited range of nuclear submarines grants them greater operational flexibility, endurance, and stealth capabilities compared to their conventional counterparts.

The Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) is developed to replace the 'Akash' missile defense system and provides 360-degree coverage.

Beyond Visual Range Air to Air Missiles (BVRAAM) are capable of hitting targets beyond the range of 37 kilometers and are radar-guided.

The BrahMos missile falls into the category of hypersonic cruise missiles, capable of traveling at least five times the speed of sound (Mach 5).

The text states that MTCR seeks to limit "the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)."

The text explains that the purpose of the Defence Acquisition Organization (DAO) is "to deal with the procurement of the Armed Forces and make it more effective and accountable."

Air to Air Missiles (AAM) are designed for the purpose of engaging and destroying other aircraft or airborne objects.

The text states that the Defence Space Research Agency (DSRO) is focused on "creating space warfare weapon systems and technologies."

The Agni series of missiles was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP), initiated to achieve self-sufficiency in missile technology.

The text mentions that the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was the brainchild of renowned scientist Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam.

MTCR stands for Missile Technology Control Regime, and its primary purpose is to prevent the proliferation of missile technology, particularly for systems that could carry a payload of 500 kg to a range of 300 km or more.

India's membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) grants access to advanced missile technologies and facilitates arms exports, including the export of missiles like BrahMos to other nations.

The text mentions that one of the principles for the functioning of the Defence Acquisition Organization (DAO) is "Risk management rather than risk avoidance."

Among the Agni series, Agni V has the longest strike range, capable of reaching over 5,000 kilometers.

The text clearly states that the main objective of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) was "to attain self-sufficiency in the field of missile technology."

The text clearly states that the primary mission of DRDO is to "Design, develop, and lead to the production of state-of-the-art sensors, weapon systems, platforms, and allied equipment for our Defence Services." This mission is focused on optimizing combat effectiveness for the Defence Services.

The text mentions that the Defence Space Agency (DSA) is being set up in Bengaluru.

The text mentions that the Agni missile was initially conceived as a technology demonstrator project under IGMDP but was later upgraded to a ballistic missile.