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All questions of Vegetation & Wildlife for Super TET Exam

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Which one of the following is not a tropical desert?
  • a)
    Atacama
  • b)
    Arabia
  • c)
    Gobi
  • d)
    Kalahari
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ojasvi Mehta answered
The Gobi is not a tropical desert. It is a temperate desert partly located in northern China and partly in Mongolia.

Consider the following statements:
Statement I:
Tropical Evergreen forests in India are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and covered with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees. Trees in these forests can reach great heights up to 60 m or above.
Statement II:
The British colonial exploitation of Indian forests primarily aimed at preserving the natural biodiversity and ecological balance.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
  • b)
    Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I
  • c)
    Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
  • d)
    Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Neha Das answered
Analysis of Statement I
- Tropical Evergreen forests in India are indeed characterized by a well-stratified structure.
- The layers include a rich variety of flora, with the lower strata featuring smaller trees and shrubs.
- The taller trees can reach heights of 60 meters or more, creating a dense canopy.
- Therefore, Statement I is correct.
Analysis of Statement II
- The British colonial exploitation of Indian forests was primarily driven by economic interests, such as timber extraction and agricultural expansion.
- Their policies led to significant deforestation, habitat destruction, and a decline in biodiversity.
- The intent was not to preserve natural biodiversity or ecological balance, but rather to exploit resources for colonial gain.
- Thus, Statement II is incorrect.
Conclusion
- Since Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect, the answer is option 'C': "Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect."
- This understanding highlights the ecological value of tropical evergreen forests and the detrimental impacts of colonial exploitation on India's natural resources.

Which one of the following states has the largest forest area to its total land area?
  • a)
    Mizoram
  • b)
    Arunachal Pradesh
  • c)
    Sikkim
  • d)
    Jammu and Kashmir
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Academic Studio answered
According to the 2011 Forest Survey of India. Mizoram has the third-highest total forest cover with 1,594,000 hectares and highest percentage area (90.68%) covered by forests, among the states of India.

Which of the following is the odd one out of the group?
  • a)
    Prairies
  • b)
    Savanna
  • c)
    Pampas
  • d)
    Steppes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Kapoor answered
Savanna has a transitional type of climate which is bounded between equatorial rain forest and semi-arid and subtropical humid climate. Others are called mid-latitude grasslands.

Which one of the following has evergreen forest?
  • a)
    Malwa Plateau
  • b)
    Eastern Ghat
  • c)
    Western Ghat
  • d)
    Chota Nagpur Plateau
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Anita Desai answered
Western ghats spread over parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Maharashtra are rich in biodiversity due to presence of evergreen forests.

Over 90% of the world’s biomass is in
  • a)
    tropical rain forests
  • b)
    freshwater wetlands
  • c)
    top soils
  • d)
    oceans
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aashna Desai answered
The correct answer is option 'D', which states that over 90% of the world's biomass is in the oceans. Let's explore why this is the case.

1. Definition of Biomass:
Biomass refers to the total mass of all living organisms in a given area or ecosystem. It includes plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

2. Importance of Oceans:
The world's oceans cover about 71% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in sustaining life on our planet. They are home to a wide variety of plants and animals, ranging from microscopic phytoplankton to large marine mammals.

3. Phytoplankton:
Phytoplankton are microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that form the base of the marine food chain. They are responsible for producing a significant portion of the Earth's oxygen and are a major source of food for many marine organisms. Phytoplankton biomass is exceptionally high in the oceans, contributing significantly to the overall biomass.

4. Marine Food Chain:
The oceans support a complex food chain, where organisms feed on each other. Small fish feed on phytoplankton, and larger fish feed on those small fish. This process continues up the food chain, with larger predators feeding on smaller ones. As each level of the food chain accumulates biomass, the overall biomass in the oceans increases.

5. Biodiversity in Oceans:
The oceans are incredibly diverse, with a wide range of habitats, from shallow coral reefs to deep-sea trenches. This diversity supports a vast array of species, each contributing to the overall biomass. Marine organisms such as fish, whales, dolphins, sharks, and countless other species collectively make up a significant portion of the world's biomass.

6. Global Carbon Cycle:
The oceans also play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. They absorb a substantial amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to regulate the Earth's climate. This carbon is incorporated into the biomass of marine organisms, further contributing to the overall biomass in the oceans.

In conclusion, the vastness of the oceans, coupled with their high productivity, diverse habitats, and important roles in the global ecosystem, makes them the primary contributor to the world's biomass. Over 90% of the Earth's biomass can be found in the oceans, highlighting their significance in supporting life on our planet.

Consider the following statements:
1. Tropical Deciduous Forests in India are further classified into moist and dry deciduous based on the availability of water.
2. Tropical Thorn Forests occur in regions receiving rainfall between 70-100 cm.
3. Montane Forests in the northern mountain ranges show a succession of vegetation from tropical to tundra types with altitude.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 3 Only
  • c)
    2 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
1. Statement 1 is correct: Tropical Deciduous Forests in India are indeed classified into moist and dry deciduous forests based on the availability of water. Moist deciduous forests are found in regions receiving rainfall between 100-200 cm, whereas dry deciduous forests are found in areas with rainfall between 70-100 cm.
2. Statement 2 is incorrect: Tropical Thorn Forests occur in areas receiving less than 50 cm of rainfall, not between 70-100 cm.
3. Statement 3 is correct: Montane Forests in the northern mountain ranges do show a succession of vegetation types, ranging from tropical to tundra, as the altitude increases. This includes deciduous forests at lower altitudes, wet temperate forests, and eventually alpine pastures and tundra vegetation at the highest altitudes.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B

The wide treeless grassy plains in South America are called
  • a)
    Selvas
  • b)
    Pampas
  • c)
    Prairies
  • d)
    Steppes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Disha Roy answered
The wide treeless grassy plains in South America are called Pampas.

The Pampas are vast grasslands that stretch across South America, primarily in Argentina and Uruguay but also extending into Brazil and Paraguay. These plains cover an area of approximately 750,000 square kilometers, making them one of the largest continuous grassland ecosystems in the world.

The Pampas are characterized by their flat and fertile landscape, ideal for extensive agricultural activities. The region is known for its rich and deep soil, which is highly suitable for farming and grazing. The grasslands support a diverse range of plant species, including perennial grasses such as buffalo grass and feather grass, as well as wildflowers and shrubs.

Climate:
The Pampas region experiences a temperate climate with distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, with average temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius (77 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). Winters are mild, with temperatures averaging around 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, ranging from 500 to 1,000 millimeters annually.

Flora and Fauna:
The Pampas are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. The grasslands support a variety of herbaceous plants, including grasses, sedges, and rushes. Some of the dominant grass species found in the Pampas include Stipa spp., Paspalum spp., and Poa spp.

The Pampas are also home to a rich array of wildlife. The grasslands provide habitat for numerous species of mammals, such as guanacos, capybaras, and marsh deer. The region is also known for its bird diversity, with over 300 species recorded, including rheas, tinamous, and various waterfowl.

Human Activities:
The Pampas have long been utilized for agricultural purposes. The fertile soil and favorable climate make it an ideal region for farming and ranching. The grasslands are primarily used for grazing livestock, particularly cattle and sheep. Argentina, in particular, is renowned for its beef production, with the Pampas playing a significant role in the country's agricultural economy.

In addition to agriculture, the Pampas region also supports urban settlements and industrial activities. Major cities such as Buenos Aires and Montevideo are located within the Pampas, serving as economic and cultural centers.

Conservation and Challenges:
The Pampas face several challenges related to unsustainable land use practices and habitat fragmentation. Conversion of grasslands into croplands, overgrazing, and the use of agrochemicals pose threats to the ecosystem's integrity. Additionally, the expansion of urban areas and infrastructure development further fragment the grasslands, impacting wildlife populations and their migration patterns.

Efforts are being made to conserve and restore the Pampas ecosystem. Protected areas have been established to safeguard key habitats and species, and sustainable land management practices are being promoted to mitigate the negative impacts of agriculture. These conservation initiatives aim to maintain the ecological integrity of the Pampas while supporting sustainable development in the region.

Which one of the following is a temperate desert?
  • a)
    Arabian desert
  • b)
    Atacama desert
  • c)
    Kalahari desert
  • d)
    Patagonian desert
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Siddharth Dasgupta answered
The Patagonian desert is a temperate desert located in southern Argentina and Chile. It is the largest desert in the Americas and one of the few temperate deserts in the world. Here is a detailed explanation of why the Patagonian desert is considered a temperate desert:

1. Location and Climate:
- The Patagonian desert is situated in the southern regions of Argentina and Chile, extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Andes Mountains.
- It lies in the temperate zone, where the climate is influenced by the cool ocean currents and the mountain ranges.
- The region experiences mild summers and cold winters, with average temperatures ranging from 8°C (46°F) in the summer to -2°C (28°F) in the winter.
- The average annual precipitation is relatively low, ranging from 100 to 400 mm (4 to 16 inches), which is a defining characteristic of deserts.

2. Vegetation:
- The vegetation in the Patagonian desert is sparse but diverse. It consists mainly of shrubs, grasses, and low-growing plants.
- Some of the common plant species found in this desert include the thorny scrub, tussock grasses, and cushions plants.
- These plants have adaptations to survive in the arid conditions, such as deep root systems to access underground water sources and thick waxy leaves to reduce water loss through evaporation.

3. Wildlife:
- Despite the harsh conditions, the Patagonian desert is home to a variety of wildlife. It is known for its unique fauna, including several endemic species.
- Some of the iconic animals found in this desert are the guanaco (a relative of the llama), the mara (a large rodent), and the Darwin's rhea (a flightless bird).
- There are also several bird species, such as the Andean condor, which inhabit the cliffs and mountains of the region.

4. Human Settlements:
- The Patagonian desert has a low population density due to its harsh climate and limited resources.
- However, there are some small towns and settlements scattered across the desert, mainly focused on agriculture and tourism.
- The region is popular among tourists for its stunning landscapes, including glaciers, fjords, and mountains.

In conclusion, the Patagonian desert is considered a temperate desert due to its location in the temperate zone, its mild climate with distinct seasons, low precipitation, and unique desert flora and fauna.

Which of the following is/are the characteristic(s) of Tropical Deciduous Forests?
(i) Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water
(ii) The hardwood trees found in these forests are sal, teak and Sheesham
(iii) Tigers, lions, elephants and monkeys are common animals
  • a)
    only (i)
  • b)
    (ii) and (iii)
  • c)
    only (iii)
  • d)
    All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Divyansh Yadav answered
Characteristics of Tropical Deciduous Forests:

1. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water:
Tropical deciduous forests are characterized by trees that shed their leaves during the dry season to conserve water. This adaptation helps the trees survive the prolonged periods of drought that are common in these regions.

2. The hardwood trees found in these forests are sal, teak, and Sheesham:
Tropical deciduous forests are home to a variety of hardwood trees such as sal, teak, and Sheesham. These trees are prized for their strong and durable wood, making them valuable resources for timber production.

3. Tigers, lions, elephants, and monkeys are common animals:
These forests are rich in biodiversity and are home to a wide range of animal species. Common animals found in tropical deciduous forests include tigers, lions, elephants, and monkeys. These forests provide important habitats for these animals and support a diverse ecosystem.

4. All of the above characteristics:
All the characteristics mentioned above are true for tropical deciduous forests. These forests play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting a wide range of plant and animal species.

Consider the following statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Assertion (A): The production of rubber is decreasing in the Amazon.
Reason (R): Equatorial climate is favourable for rubber plantation.
Codes:
  • a)
    Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • b)
    Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  • c)
    A is true, but R is false.
  • d)
    A is false, but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Gargi Mukherjee answered
Assertion (A): The production of rubber is decreasing in the Amazon.
Reason (R): Equatorial climate is favorable for rubber plantation.

Explanation:

Introduction:
The Amazon rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity and abundance of natural resources. Rubber production has been a significant economic activity in the region, but there have been concerns about its sustainability and impact on the environment. This assertion and reason statement deals with the production of rubber in the Amazon and the influence of the equatorial climate on rubber plantations.

A. The production of rubber is decreasing in the Amazon:
- Rubber production in the Amazon has indeed been decreasing in recent years. This can be attributed to several factors:
- Land-use change: The expansion of agricultural activities, such as cattle ranching and soybean cultivation, has led to the conversion of rubber plantations into other forms of land use.
- Decline in rubber prices: Rubber prices have been volatile, and fluctuations in the global market have affected the profitability of rubber production in the region.
- Environmental concerns: The unsustainable practices associated with rubber extraction, such as deforestation and the use of agrochemicals, have raised environmental concerns, leading to reduced rubber production.

R. Equatorial climate is favorable for rubber plantation:
- The equatorial climate of the Amazon region is indeed favorable for rubber plantations. The key factors that make this climate suitable for rubber cultivation are:
- Temperature: Rubber trees thrive in warm temperatures, and the equatorial climate provides a consistently high average temperature throughout the year, which promotes the growth of rubber trees.
- Rainfall: Rubber trees require a significant amount of rainfall to grow. The Amazon rainforest receives abundant rainfall, providing the necessary moisture for rubber plantations.
- Humidity: Rubber trees also require a humid environment, and the Amazon's equatorial climate maintains high humidity levels, which is beneficial for rubber production.

Conclusion:
Both the assertion and the reason are true. The production of rubber is indeed decreasing in the Amazon due to various factors, including land-use change, decline in rubber prices, and environmental concerns. However, the reason provided, i.e., the equatorial climate being favorable for rubber plantation, is not a direct explanation for the decrease in rubber production. It is important to consider other factors such as market dynamics and environmental sustainability practices. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

The vegetation type characterized by
(i) a large expanse of grassland with scattered trees and shrubs,
(ii) lying between the tropical rainforest and tropical steppes and deserts and
(iii) flat-topped trees is called
  • a)
    mid-latitude broad-leaf mixed forest
  • b)
    temperate rainforest
  • c)
    tropical savanna
  • d)
    mid-latitude grassland
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vikram Verma answered
  • A Savanna is a rolling grassland scattered with shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome.
  • Savannas are also known as tropical grasslands. These types of grassland are found in a wide band on either side of the equator on the edges of tropical rainforests.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence about various levels of organization of the Biosphere?
  • a)
    Ecosystem → Biosphere → Community → Population
  • b)
    Population → Organism → Ecosystem → Biosphere
  • c)
    Organism → Community → Population → Biosphere
  • d)
    Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nishanth Rane answered
The correct sequence about various levels of organization of the Biosphere is:

Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere

Explanation:

1. Organism:
An organism is an individual living entity. It can be a plant, animal, or microorganism. Organisms are the basic units of life and possess certain characteristics that enable them to carry out essential functions such as reproduction, metabolism, and growth.

2. Population:
A population refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and interacting with each other. They share common characteristics and can interbreed. Population ecology focuses on studying the dynamics and interactions within populations, such as population size, density, and distribution.

3. Ecosystem:
An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. It includes both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. Ecosystems can vary in size, from a small pond to a large forest. They are characterized by the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients among different organisms and their environment.

- Biotic components: These include all living organisms within the ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. They interact with each other through various ecological relationships like predation, competition, and mutualism.
- Abiotic components: These include non-living factors like temperature, sunlight, water, soil, and air. They provide the necessary resources and conditions for organisms to survive and thrive.

4. Biosphere:
The biosphere is the highest level of organization and encompasses all the ecosystems on Earth. It includes all living organisms, their interactions, and their physical environment. The biosphere is a dynamic system where energy and matter continuously cycle through various levels of organization. It is the sum total of all ecosystems, representing the zone where life exists.

- The biosphere extends from the deepest parts of the ocean to the highest altitudes in the atmosphere.
- It includes all types of ecosystems, such as forests, deserts, grasslands, freshwater bodies, and marine environments.
- The biosphere is influenced by global processes like climate change, nutrient cycles, and the movement of organisms across different regions.

In conclusion, the correct sequence of levels of organization of the Biosphere is Organism → Population → Ecosystem → Biosphere. Each level builds upon the previous one and contributes to the overall functioning and sustainability of the biosphere.

Consider the following statements:
1. Tropical Evergreen forests are characterized by trees reaching heights of up to 60 meters or above.
2. Tropical Evergreen forests are found in regions with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.
3. The British replaced oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon with teak for railway construction.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Innovative Classes answered
1. Tropical Evergreen forests are characterized by trees reaching heights of up to 60 meters or above. This statement is correct. In the given text, it is mentioned that trees in these forests can reach great heights up to 60 meters or more.
2. Tropical Evergreen forests are found in regions with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C. This statement is also correct. The text specifies that these forests are found in warm and humid areas with such climatic conditions.
3. The British replaced oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon with teak for railway construction. This statement is incorrect. According to the text, the British replaced oak forests with pine (chir) for railway construction, not teak.
Thus, the correct answer is Option B: 1 and 2 Only.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given tiger reserves of India from North to South?
  • a)
    Dudhwa-Kanha-Indravati-Bandipur
  • b)
    Kanha-Bandipur-Dudhwa-Indravati
  • c)
    Indravati-Kanha-Dudhwa-Bandipur
  • d)
    Dudhwa-Kanha-Bandipur-Indravati
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Kumar answered
  • The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai of Uttar Pradesh, India, and covers an area of 490.3 km2, with a buffer zone of 190 km2. It is part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve.
  • Kanha National Park, also known as Kanha Tiger Reserve, is a vast expanse of grassland and forest in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Tigers, jackals and wild pigs can be spotted in Kanha Meadows.
  • Indravati Tiger Reserves is a Tiger Reserve area in Chhattisgarh. Bandipur National Park, an 874-sq.-km forested reserve in the southern Indian state of Karnataka, is known for its small population of tigers.

Which of the following is not correctly matched?
 National Park State
  • a)
    Bandipur -Karnataka
  • b)
    Rajaji -Uttarakhand
  • c)
    Simlipal -Odisha
  • d)
    Pin Valley -Jammu & Kashmir
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Varun Kapoor answered
The correct answer is option d) Pin Valley - Jammu & Kashmir.
Pin Valley National Park is located in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, not Jammu & Kashmir.
The other options are correctly matched:
a) Bandipur National Park is in Karnataka.
b) Rajaji National Park is in Uttarakhand.
c) Simlipal National Park is in Odisha.

Which one of the following is not an abiotic resource?
  • a)
    Freshwater
  • b)
    Coal
  • c)
    Petroleum
  • d)
    Fish
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Snehal Kumar answered
Explanation:
In this question, we are asked to identify the resource that is not an abiotic resource. To understand this, let's first define what abiotic resources are.

Abiotic resources are those resources that are derived from non-living things or non-biological materials. They are usually found in the environment and do not have any living components. Examples of abiotic resources include minerals, water, air, sunlight, etc.

Now let's analyze the options given:

a) Freshwater: Freshwater is a natural resource that is derived from rivers, lakes, and underground sources. It is considered an abiotic resource because it is a non-living material.

b) Coal: Coal is a fossil fuel that is derived from the remains of plants and trees that lived millions of years ago. It is considered an abiotic resource because it is derived from non-living organic matter.

c) Petroleum: Petroleum is also a fossil fuel that is derived from the remains of ancient marine organisms. It is considered an abiotic resource because it is derived from non-living organic matter.

d) Fish: Fish is a living organism and is therefore considered a biotic resource. Biotic resources are derived from living organisms and are not classified as abiotic resources.

Conclusion:
Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that the correct answer is option 'A' - Freshwater. Freshwater is considered an abiotic resource, and therefore it does not fit the criteria of being the correct answer.

Sal trees are the typical species of [NDA 2009-II]
  • a)
    Tropical rainforest
  • b)
    Tropical monsoon forest
  • c)
    Taiga forest
  • d)
    Tundra forest
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ojasvi Mehta answered
The trees in Monsoon Forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in summer on account of a long dry spell. The rainfall suited for such forests is between75 to 200 cm. Sal is of the dry deciduous variety of tropical monsoon forest.

Consider the following sentences concerning the Keibul Lamjao National Park-
1. The park was initially declared as a Sanctuary in 1966, to
preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Brow--
antlered deer Sangai (Rucervus eldi eldi).
2. The Keibul Lamjao, the only floating national park in the world
and located near Moirang in the Bishnupur district of the
state of Manipur.
3. It was established as a National Park in the year of 1977.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
  • a)
    1 and 2
  • b)
    1 and 3
  • c)
    2 and 3
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Rahul Choudhury answered
Keibul Lamjao National Park
1. The park was initially declared as a sanctuary in 1966, to preserve the natural refuge of the endangered Brow - antlered Deer Sangai.
2. The Keibul Lamjao, the only floating National Park in the world and located near Moirang in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur.
3. It was established as a National Park in the year of 1977.

Consider the following statements and select the correct answer
from codes given below:
Assertion (A): Tropical areas get more insolation than the temperate area.
Reason (R): Tropical areas have a larger length of the day than the temperate areas.
Codes:
  • a)
    Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
  • b)
    Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  • c)
    A is true, but R is false.
  • d)
    A is false, but R is true.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Bhavya Gupta answered
Tropical areas receive more insolation than temperate areas

Insolation refers to the incoming solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. The amount of insolation received by a particular region depends on various factors such as the angle of incidence, atmospheric conditions, and the duration of daylight. In this question, we are comparing the insolation received by tropical areas with that of temperate areas.

Assertion: Tropical areas get more insolation than temperate areas
Reason: Tropical areas have a larger length of the day than temperate areas

Explanation:

Insolation in tropical areas
- Tropical areas are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
- These regions receive direct sunlight throughout the year due to their proximity to the equator.
- The angle of incidence of sunlight is relatively high, resulting in a greater concentration of solar energy per unit area.
- As a result, tropical areas receive higher insolation compared to other regions.

Insolation in temperate areas
- Temperate areas are located between the tropics and the polar regions.
- These regions experience seasonal variations in the duration and intensity of sunlight.
- The angle of incidence of sunlight varies throughout the year, resulting in lower solar energy per unit area.
- Moreover, temperate areas are located at higher latitudes, resulting in shorter days and longer nights during certain seasons.
- These factors contribute to lower insolation levels in temperate areas compared to tropical regions.

Conclusion:

The assertion that tropical areas receive more insolation than temperate areas is true. However, the reason provided, which states that tropical areas have a larger length of the day than temperate areas, is false. While it is true that tropical areas generally have longer days compared to temperate regions, this is not the primary reason for the higher insolation in tropical areas. The main reason is the more direct angle of incidence and higher concentration of solar energy in tropical regions. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - A is true, but R is false.

The percentage of forest cover is the highest in
  • a)
    Africa
  • b)
    Asia
  • c)
    North America
  • d)
    South America
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nilotpal Desai answered
The correct answer is option 'D' - South America. South America has the highest percentage of forest cover compared to Africa, Asia, and North America. This can be attributed to several factors including the region's geographical characteristics and government policies.

1. Geographical Factors:
South America is home to the Amazon rainforest, which is the largest tropical rainforest in the world. It spans across several countries including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. The Amazon rainforest alone accounts for a significant portion of South America's forest cover. Its vast size and dense vegetation contribute to the overall high percentage of forest cover in the region.

2. Biodiversity:
South America is known for its incredible biodiversity, with numerous species of plants and animals residing within its forests. The rich biodiversity of the region attracts attention and efforts for conservation, leading to a higher priority placed on maintaining forest cover. Conservation efforts and protected areas help ensure the preservation of South America's forests.

3. Government Policies:
Several South American countries have implemented policies to protect and preserve their forest resources. For example, Brazil has established the Legal Amazon, an area covering nine states with strict regulations on deforestation. Additionally, countries like Peru and Colombia have made efforts to combat illegal logging and promote sustainable forest management. These policies have contributed to the maintenance of high forest cover in South America.

4. International Awareness:
The importance of the Amazon rainforest and other South American forests in regulating global climate and supporting biodiversity has gained international attention. Efforts by global organizations, environmental activists, and scientists have raised awareness about the need to protect these forests. This increased awareness has resulted in more funds and initiatives dedicated to forest conservation in South America.

In conclusion, the percentage of forest cover is highest in South America due to geographical factors, rich biodiversity, government policies, and international awareness. The presence of the Amazon rainforest, along with efforts to protect and preserve forests, has contributed to the region's high forest cover.

Where are Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests primarily found in India?
  • a)
    Western Rajasthan
  • b)
    Eastern Himalayas
  • c)
    Western Ghats, northeastern hills, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • d)
    Central Deccan Plateau
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Future Foundation Institute answered
Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests are primarily found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. These forests thrive in warm and humid areas with high annual precipitation and temperatures, supporting diverse flora and fauna. The unique characteristics of these forests contribute to their ecological significance and biodiversity, making them vital components of India's natural heritage.

The Himalayan range is very rich in species diversity. Which one among the following is the most appropriate reason for this phenomenon?
  • a)
    It has high rainfall that supports luxuriant vegetative growth
  • b)
    It is a confluence of different biogeographical zones.
  • c)
    Exotic and invasive species have not been introduced in this region.
  • d)
    It has less human interference.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Devanshi Reddy answered
Species Diversity in the Himalayan Range
The Himalayan range stands out as a hotspot of biodiversity due to its unique geographical and climatic characteristics. The most appropriate reason for its rich species diversity is its position as a confluence of different biogeographical zones.
Geographical Confluence
- The Himalayas connect various biogeographical realms, including the Indo-Malayan, Palearctic, and Tibetan zones.
- This convergence allows for a mix of flora and fauna that would not typically coexist in isolated regions.
Elevation Variation
- The range spans a vast altitude gradient, resulting in diverse climatic conditions.
- Different elevations host distinct ecosystems, from tropical forests at lower altitudes to alpine meadows at higher elevations.
Microclimates
- The topography creates numerous microclimates, enabling a variety of species to thrive.
- These localized conditions support unique plant and animal communities adapted to specific environmental factors.
Isolation and Endemism
- The geographical barriers formed by the mountains lead to isolation of species, fostering endemism.
- Many species have evolved uniquely in these isolated environments, adding to overall biodiversity.
Human Impact
- While human interference exists, many parts of the Himalayas remain relatively untouched, preserving natural habitats.
- Less human encroachment in certain areas allows for the survival of diverse species.
In summary, option 'B' illustrates the primary reason behind the rich biodiversity in the Himalayan range—its role as a meeting point for different biogeographical zones, which fosters a unique and diverse array of species.

Consider the following statements:
1. Tropical Evergreen forests are found in areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.
2. The semi evergreen forests in India are found primarily in the deltaic regions.
3. The British replaced oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon with pine (chirs) for commercial use.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1 Only
  • b)
    1 and 2 Only
  • c)
    1 and 3 Only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Aravind Basu answered
Overview of Statements
To determine the correctness of the statements regarding tropical evergreen forests, semi-evergreen forests, and British forestry practices in India, let's analyze each statement.
Statement 1: Tropical Evergreen Forests
- Tropical evergreen forests thrive in regions with:
- Annual precipitation exceeding 200 cm.
- Mean annual temperature above 22°C.
- This statement is correct as these environmental conditions are essential for the growth of dense, diverse vegetation typical of tropical evergreen forests.
Statement 2: Semi-Evergreen Forests in India
- Semi-evergreen forests are generally found in regions with mixed characteristics of tropical rainforests and moist deciduous forests.
- They are primarily located in:
- Western Ghats
- Northeastern India
- This statement is incorrect since semi-evergreen forests are not limited to deltaic regions.
Statement 3: Replacement of Oak Forests
- The British colonial administration in India replaced native oak forests in Garhwal and Kumaon with:
- Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) for commercial purposes.
- This statement is correct as the British aimed to exploit timber resources, leading to significant ecological changes.
Conclusion
- Correct Statements:
- Statement 1: Correct
- Statement 2: Incorrect
- Statement 3: Correct
Thus, the correct answer is option C (1 and 3 only).

Consider the following statements
1. National parks are a special category of protected areas of land and sea coasts where people are an integral part of the system.
2. Sanctuaries are concerned with the conservation of particular species.
3. Biosphere reserves are connected with the habitat of a particular wild animal.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  • a)
    1, 2 and 3
  • b)
    Only 2
  • c)
    1 and 2
  • d)
    1 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Niti Basak answered
Explanation:

The correct answer is option B, which means only statement 2 is correct. Let's analyze each statement one by one to understand why.

1. National parks are a special category of protected areas of land and sea coasts where people are an integral part of the system.
This statement is incorrect. While national parks are indeed protected areas of land and sea coasts, they are not necessarily places where people are an integral part of the system. National parks are primarily established for the conservation of ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural landscapes. They aim to protect and preserve natural resources and provide opportunities for scientific research, environmental education, and recreation. However, the involvement of people as an integral part of the system is not a defining characteristic of national parks.

2. Sanctuaries are concerned with the conservation of particular species.
This statement is correct. Sanctuaries are areas that are set aside for the conservation and protection of specific species of plants and animals. They provide a safe habitat for the species to breed, thrive, and recover their populations. Sanctuaries may be established for endangered, threatened, or vulnerable species, or for species of cultural, scientific, or ecological importance. The primary focus of sanctuaries is to safeguard the species and their habitats, ensuring their long-term survival.

3. Biosphere reserves are connected with the habitat of a particular wild animal.
This statement is incorrect. Biosphere reserves are designated areas that aim to conserve biodiversity while promoting sustainable development. They are not specifically connected with the habitat of a particular wild animal, but rather with the conservation of a wide range of ecosystems, species, and genetic resources. Biosphere reserves typically consist of three interconnected zones: a core zone for strict conservation, a buffer zone for sustainable use, and a transition zone for human settlements and activities. The main objective of biosphere reserves is to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with the sustainable use of natural resources.

In summary, only statement 2 is correct, while statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.

Which type of forests in India are characterized by being well stratified, with trees reaching great heights, and appearing green throughout the year?
  • a)
    Tropical Deciduous forests
  • b)
    Montane forests
  • c)
    Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests
  • d)
    Tropical Thorn forests
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Sagarika Menon answered
Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forests in India
Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests are distinct ecosystems found primarily in the humid regions of India. They are characterized by several key features:
Well Stratified Structure
- These forests have a multi-layered canopy structure, allowing for various species to thrive at different heights.
- The stratification includes emergent trees, a canopy layer, and an understory, creating a diverse habitat.
Great Heights of Trees
- Trees in these forests can reach impressive heights, often exceeding 60 meters.
- The tall trees compete for sunlight, resulting in a dense cover that can block out the light for lower vegetation.
Year-Round Greenery
- One of the defining aspects of these forests is their evergreen nature; they remain green throughout the year.
- This is due to the high humidity and consistent rainfall, allowing for continuous growth and minimal leaf shedding.
Geographical Distribution
- Tropical Evergreen forests are primarily found in regions like the Western Ghats, Northeastern India, and parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
- Semi Evergreen forests are found in slightly drier areas, often bordering the tropical deciduous forests.
Ecological Importance
- These forests play a critical role in biodiversity conservation, hosting a wide range of flora and fauna.
- They are crucial for carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate climate change.
In summary, the characteristics of Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests make them a unique and vital component of India's ecological framework, supporting biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance.

Which type of soil is found in the coniferous forests?
  • a)
    Chestnut
  • b)
    Podsol
  • c)
    Chernozem
  • d)
    Regur
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ojasvi Mehta answered
  • Podzol or Podsol type of soil is found in the coniferous forests. In soil science, podzols are the typical soils of coniferous, or boreal forests.
  • They are also typical soils of eucalypt forests and heathlands in southern Australia, while in Western Europe podzols develop on heathland, which is often a construct of human interference through grazing and burning.

The Yellowstone National Park is located in
  • a)
    Canada
  • b)
    Brazil
  • c)
    U.S.A.
  • d)
    France
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ojasvi Mehta answered
  • The Yellowstone National Park is located in the USA. Yellowstone National Park is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and Idaho.
  • It was established by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1872.

Consider the following pairs:
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests - Found in the Western Ghats
2. Montane Forests - Found in the Rajasthan Desert
3. Tropical Thorn Forests - Found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
4. Littoral and Swamp Forests - Found in deltaic regions
How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
  • a)
    Only one pair
  • b)
    Only two pairs
  • c)
    Only three pairs
  • d)
    All four pairs
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Academic Studio answered
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests - Found in the Western Ghats: Correct. Tropical evergreen forests are indeed found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
2. Montane Forests - Found in the Rajasthan Desert: Incorrect. Montane forests are found in mountainous regions such as the Himalayas, not in desert areas like Rajasthan.
3. Tropical Thorn Forests - Found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Incorrect. Tropical thorn forests are typically found in desert and semi-desert areas such as Rajasthan and Gujarat, not in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
4. Littoral and Swamp Forests - Found in deltaic regions: Correct. Littoral and swamp forests are indeed found in deltaic regions, such as the Sundarbans in West Bengal.

The most abundant source of energy is
  • a)
    Oil
  • b)
    Biomass
  • c)
    Coal
  • d)
    Sun
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Rao answered
A most abundant source of energy is solar power energy. It is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available.

Which one of the following has a protected mangrove region?
  • a)
    Eastern Ghats
  • b)
    Western Ghats
  • c)
    Goa
  • d)
    Chandra Tal
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Sahil Khanna answered
Protected Mangrove Region in Eastern Ghats

Mangroves are tropical trees and shrubs that grow in dense forests along sheltered coastlines, lagoons, and estuaries. They have unique adaptations to survive in harsh conditions such as saltwater, low oxygen, and strong waves. Mangroves are important ecosystems that provide numerous benefits such as carbon sequestration, coastal protection, fisheries, and tourism.

In India, mangroves are found in several regions including the Eastern Ghats. The Eastern Ghats is a mountain range that runs parallel to the Bay of Bengal in eastern India. It covers several states including Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. The Eastern Ghats region has several protected areas that include mangrove forests.

One of the notable protected mangrove regions in the Eastern Ghats is the Bhitarkanika National Park in Odisha. Bhitarkanika is a unique ecosystem that consists of mangrove forests, wetlands, and estuaries. It is home to a variety of wildlife such as saltwater crocodiles, spotted deer, wild boars, and several species of birds. Bhitarkanika is also a Ramsar site, which is a wetland of international importance.

Other protected mangrove regions in the Eastern Ghats include the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh and the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest in Tamil Nadu. Coringa is a coastal estuary that has a diverse mangrove ecosystem with over 35 species of mangroves. Pichavaram is a unique ecosystem that consists of a network of canals and channels that crisscross the mangrove forests. It is also a popular tourist destination for boating and birdwatching.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Eastern Ghats region has several protected areas that include mangrove forests. These ecosystems are important for their biodiversity, ecological functions, and socio-economic benefits. Protecting and conserving mangroves is crucial for sustaining these benefits and ensuring the resilience of coastal communities.

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
National Park — State
  • a)
    Kanha National Park — Madhya Pradesh
  • b)
    Sultanpur National park — Haryana
  • c)
    Ranthambore National park — Gujarat
  • d)
    Bandipur National Park — Karnataka
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ias Masters answered
  • Kanha National Park — Madhya Pradesh: Correctly matched. Kanha is a famous park in Madhya Pradesh, known for its tiger reserve.
  • Sultanpur National Park — Haryana: Correctly matched. Sultanpur is a bird sanctuary in Haryana.
  • Ranthambore National Park — Gujarat: Incorrectly matched. Ranthambore is actually located in Rajasthan, not Gujarat.
  • Bandipur National Park — Karnataka: Correctly matched. Bandipur is a well-known national park in Karnataka, part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.
    Therefore Correct Answer - Option C

Which of the following National Park’s uniqueness lies in its man-made lakes and ancient reservoirs, which have merged into the natural system as vital sources of water? It also has a large population of panthers, the second-largest predators of the forest.
  • a)
    Ranthambore National Park
  • b)
    Bandhavgarh National Park
  • c)
    Bharatpur National Park
  • d)
    Kanha National Park
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Deshmukh answered
  • Ranthambore National Park is one of the biggest and most renowned national parks in Northern India. The park is located in the Sawai Madhopur district of southeastern Rajasthan, which is about 130 km from Jaipur.
  • The park is majorly famous for its panthers and is one of the best locations in India to see the majestic predators in its natural habitat. The panthers can be easily spotted even during the day time busy at their ordinary quest- hunting and taking proper care of their young ones.

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I:
Tropical evergreen forests in India are primarily found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.
Statement-II:
The British colonial rulers in India valued the economic potential of forests, leading to large-scale exploitation and structural changes in forest composition.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
  • a)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
  • b)
    Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
  • c)
    Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
  • d)
    Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

K.L Institute answered
Statement-I: Tropical evergreen forests in India are primarily found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22°C.
This is correct. Tropical evergreen forests require high rainfall (typically over 200 cm) and warm temperatures (generally above 22°C) throughout the year. Such forests are mainly found in regions like the Western Ghats, parts of the Northeast, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India.
Statement-II:The British colonial rulers in India valued the economic potential of forests, leading to large-scale exploitation and structural changes in forest composition.
This is also correct. The British administration exploited forests extensively for timber and commercial purposes, introducing plantations of commercially valuable species, which led to changes in the natural forest composition and ecological balance.
Relationship between the statements:
Statement-II talks about the colonial exploitation of forests, which is a historical and economic observation and does not explain the ecological and climatic conditions mentioned in Statement-I.
Correct answer: a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I

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