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All questions of Atmosphere/Gases for ACT Exam

Which of the following are forms of precipitation ?
(A) Flood
(B) Snow
(C) Hail
(D) Sleet 
  • a)
    (A), (B), (C) 
  • b)
    (A), (B), (D)
  • c)
    (A), (C), (D)
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Precipitation is any form of water that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface. It can take several forms, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
A) Flood is not a form of precipitation.
  • Floods occur when there is an excessive amount of water in a river or other body of water, causing it to overflow onto the surrounding land.
B) Snow is a form of precipitation
  • that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. These ice crystals combine to form snowflakes, which fall to the ground as snow.
C) Hail is a form of precipitation
  • that occurs during thunderstorms, when strong updrafts carry raindrops high into the atmosphere, where they freeze into ice.
  • These ice particles can then grow larger as they are carried up and down by the storm's updrafts, eventually falling to the ground as hailstones.
D) Sleet is a form of precipitation
  • that occurs when raindrops fall through a layer of freezing air near the ground, causing them to freeze into ice pellets before reaching the ground.
Therefore, the forms of precipitation are rain, snow, and sleet, making option (2) (A), (B), (D) the correct answer
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What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?
  • a)
    Thermosphere
  • b)
    Stratosphere
  • c)
    Troposphere
  • d)
    Mesosphere
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the Earth's surface, extending up to about 10-15 kilometers. This layer is where most weather phenomena occur, including the formation of clouds. The troposphere is characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude, which allows for the condensation of water vapor and the formation of clouds. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the troposphere has the most clouds compared to the other atmospheric layers mentioned.

The ______ lies above the mesopause and is a region in which temperatures increase with height.
  • a)
    stratosphere
  • b)
    exosphere
  • c)
    thermosphere
  • d)
    troposphere
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Natalie Walker answered
Thermosphere:
The thermosphere is the region in the Earth's atmosphere that lies above the mesopause, which is the boundary between the mesosphere and the thermosphere. This region is characterized by increasing temperatures with height, unlike the other layers of the atmosphere where temperatures generally decrease with altitude.

Key Points:
- The thermosphere is where temperatures rise due to absorption of highly energetic solar radiation.
- This region can reach temperatures of up to 2000°C or higher, despite the low density of particles.
- The thermosphere is also where the International Space Station orbits, as the high temperatures are not a concern due to the low density of particles.
In conclusion, the thermosphere is a unique region in the Earth's atmosphere where temperatures increase with height, making it an important layer for understanding atmospheric dynamics and space exploration.

What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
  • a)
    Stratosphere
  • b)
    Mesosphere
  • c)
    Troposphere
  • d)
    Thermosphere
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The aurora borealis, also known as the Northern Lights, is a natural light display that occurs in the upper atmosphere. It is caused by the interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and charged particles from the sun. The thermosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that is closest to outer space and is characterized by high temperatures. This is where the aurora borealis occurs, making it the correct answer.

Which of the following gases has the maximum percentage in the atmosphere?
  • a)
    Oxygen
  • b)
    Carbon
  • c)
    Nitrogen
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The gas with the maximum percentage in the atmosphere is nitrogen.
  • It comprises 78.08% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.
  • Nitrogen is an inert gas, which means that it does not react easily with other substances.
  • It is essential for plant growth, as it is the main component of the atmosphere that plants use for photosynthesis.
The second most abundant gas in the atmosphere is oxygen.
  • It comprises 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere by volume.
  • Oxygen is essential for life, as it is the gas that humans and other animals breathe.
  • It is also used in combustion reactions, such as burning wood or gasoline.

In the context of the mesosphere, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
  • a)
    It is directly above the stratosphere. 
  • b)
    It is the third layer of the atmosphere.
  • c)
    Meteorites burn up in this layer on entering from the space. 
  • d)
    Within the mesosphere, temperature increases with increasing height.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
 Mesosphere - 
  • It extends above the stratosphere up to a height of about 80 km.
  • It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.
  • The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere.
  • The stratosphere and mesosphere are collectively termed as " Middle atmosphere 
  • Within the mesosphere, temperature decreases with increasing height, due to decreasing solar heating and increasing cooling by CO2 radiative emission.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the stratosphere?
  • a)
    It lies above the mesosphere
  • b)
    It extends up to a height of 50 km.
  • c)
    It contains a layer of ozone gas.
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The statement "It lies above the mesosphere" is incorrect when referring to the stratosphere.
  • The stratosphere is actually located above the troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere.
  • The stratosphere extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers (6 to 31 miles) above the Earth's surface. 

Which layer of atmosphere is used for telecommunication?
  • a)
    Troposphere
  • b)
    Mesosphere
  • c)
    lonosphere
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The ionosphere is the upper layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
  • The atmosphere is partly ionized by solar UV-light, and such ionization can persist at high altitudes.
  • The ionosphere starts at about 80 km altitude and reaches up to more than 1000 km.
  • This area of the atmosphere consists of several conductive layers that reflect radio waves, a characteristic that is of interest to scientists and engineers, especially in the telecommunications industry.

What makes up less than 1% of the atmosphere?
  • a)
    Oxygen
  • b)
    Nitrogen
  • c)
    Carbon dioxide
  • d)
    Water vapor and other gases
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Water vapor and other gases make up less than 1% of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%) and oxygen (about 21%). Carbon dioxide, although a greenhouse gas, only makes up a very small percentage of the atmosphere (about 0.04%). Water vapor and other gases, such as argon, neon, helium, and methane, make up the remaining fraction, which is less than 1%. These gases have a smaller presence in the atmosphere compared to nitrogen and oxygen.

Which atmospheric layer contains Ions and helps in wireless communication?
  • a)
    Mesosphere
  • b)
    Thermosphere
  • c)
    Troposphere
  • d)
    Stratosphere
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The atmospheric layer that contains ions and facilitates wireless communication is the thermosphere. This layer of the Earth's atmosphere is characterized by high temperatures and the presence of ionized gases, which enables the reflection of radio waves and facilitates long-distance radio communication, including satellite communication and some forms of radio broadcasting.

What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
  • a)
    Troposphere
  • b)
    Thermosphere
  • c)
    Stratosphere
  • d)
    Mesosphere
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The mesosphere is the third atmospheric layer from the ground. It is located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. This layer is characterized by a decrease in temperature with increasing altitude. It is also the layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.

What gas makes up around 21% of our atmosphere?
  • a)
    Methane
  • b)
    Oxygen
  • c)
    Nitrogen
  • d)
    Carbon dioxide
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Oxygen makes up around 21% of our atmosphere. It is an essential gas for supporting life as it is required for respiration in most organisms. Oxygen is produced through photosynthesis by plants and algae, and it is also released into the atmosphere by certain bacteria. It is necessary for the combustion of fuels and plays a crucial role in the ozone layer, which protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

What does the ozone layer do?
  • a)
    It protects us from meteors
  • b)
    It protects us from violent solar flares
  • c)
    It protects us from ultra violet radiation
  • d)
    It helps us breathe
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The ozone layer acts as a shield, protecting us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun. UV radiation can cause various health issues, including skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune system. The ozone layer absorbs and filters out most of the UV radiation, allowing only a small amount to reach the Earth's surface. This crucial role of the ozone layer makes it essential for the preservation of life on our planet.

What layer does most weather occur in?
  • a)
    Troposphere
  • b)
    Stratosphere
  • c)
    Thermosphere
  • d)
    Mesosphere
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The troposphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs. It is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and extends from the Earth's surface up to about 8-15 kilometers. This layer is characterized by decreasing temperature with increasing altitude and contains most of the Earth's weather systems, such as clouds, precipitation, and storms. The other layers mentioned, the stratosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere, are located above the troposphere and do not experience as much weather activity.

What happens to temperature as you go higher in the troposphere?
  • a)
    It gets hotter
  • b)
    It gets colder
  • c)
    It stays the same
  • d)
    It is always changing
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
As you go higher in the troposphere, the temperature decreases. This is because the troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, and it is closest to the surface. The temperature in the troposphere decreases with altitude due to the decrease in air pressure. As the air pressure decreases, the air molecules spread out and the heat energy becomes less concentrated, resulting in a decrease in temperature. Therefore, it gets colder as you go higher in the troposphere.

'Ozone layer' absorbing ultraviolet radiation exists in which of the atmospheric layer? 
  • a)
    Mesosphere
  • b)
    Troposphere
  • c)
    Stratosphere
  • d)
    More than one of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
Ozone layer
  • The ozone layer is a natural layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that protects humans and other living things from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
  • The ozone layer exists in the stratosphere, a layer 10 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface.
  • The international community established the Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances in 1987, to address the destruction of the ozone layer.
  • The stratospheric ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, preventing dangerous UV rays from hitting the Earth's surface and harming living organisms.
  • It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere.
  • The ozone layer in the stratosphere is affected by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CFC (chlorofluorocarbons).
  • In the atmosphere, CFCs drift slowly upward to the stratosphere, where they are broken up by ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine atoms, which can destroy ozone molecules.
  • CFCs are the main reason for the Ozone hole.
  • The other reasons for ozone depletion are a wide range of industrial and consumer applications, mainly refrigerators, air conditioners (hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and fire extinguishers.

Which is the highest layer of the atmosphere in which Meteors burn up after entering Earth's atmosphere?
  • a)
    Troposphere
  • b)
    Stratosphere
  • c)
    Mesosphere
  • d)
    Thermosphere
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The highest layer of the atmosphere in which meteors burn up after entering Earth's atmosphere is the mesosphere. This layer is located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. Meteors, also known as shooting stars, typically burn up in the mesosphere due to the high temperatures generated by their high-speed entry into the atmosphere.

The ________ part of the Earth's atmosphere contains about 70% of the total air in the atmosphere.
  • a)
    Stratosphere
  • b)
    Mesosphere
  • c)
    Thermosphere
  • d)
    Troposphere
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface to roughly 8 to 15 kilometers (5 to 9 miles) above sea level, depending on latitude and season. It contains about 70-80% of the total mass of the atmosphere and is where most weather phenomena occur.

What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
  • a)
    Mesosphere
  • b)
    Thermosphere
  • c)
    Stratosphere
  • d)
    Troposphere
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The thermosphere is the hottest layer in the atmosphere. It is located above the mesosphere and extends up to the exosphere. This layer is characterized by extremely high temperatures due to the absorption of solar radiation. The thermosphere is also where the International Space Station orbits.

What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?
  • a)
    Mesosphere
  • b)
    Troposphere
  • c)
    Thermosphere
  • d)
    Stratosphere
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Orion Classes answered
The troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground. It is where weather occurs and where most of Earth's air mass is located. This layer extends from the Earth's surface up to an average height of about 7-20 kilometers. The temperature in this layer generally decreases with altitude, and it is where we live and breathe.

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