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All questions of Scalars and Vectors for JAMB Exam

If 14511_image012 what is the angle between 14511_image013 and 14511_image014
  • a)
    900
  • b)
    300
  • c)
    600
  • d)
    450
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gaurav Kumar answered
We know that for two vectors P and Q
P.Q = |P||Q| cos a
And PxQ = |P||Q| sin a
Where a is angle between them
When P.Q = PxQ
We get sin a = cos a
Thus a = 450

Which of the following is not a scalar quantity?
  • a)
    Temperature
  • b)
    Coefficient of friction
  • c)
    Charge
  • d)
    Impulse
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Vivek Patel answered
Impulse (I)

Since force is a vector quantity and impulse is the product of the sudden force applied and the time interval to bring equivalent the system. So Impulse also a vector quantity which have same direction to the force applied.

A bus is moving with a speed of 10ms−1 on a straight road. A scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 100s. If the bus is at a distance of 1km from the scooterist with what speed should the scooterist chase the bus?
  • a)
    40 ms-1
  • b)
    25 ms-1
  • c)
    115 m s-1
  • d)
    125 ms-1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Let vs be the velocity of the scooter, the distance between the scooter and the bus = 1000m,
The velocity of the bus = 10ms−1
Time taken to overtake = 100s
Relative velocity of the scooter with respect to the bus = (v− 10)
1000/(vs − 10) = 100s
= vs = 20ms−1

A police van moving on a highway with a speed of 30km h−1 fires a bullet at a thief's car speeding away in the same direction with a speed of 192km h−1. If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150ms−1 , with what relative speed does the bullet hit the thief's car?
  • a)
    95 ms-1
  • b)
    105 m s-1
  • c)
    115 ms-1
  • d)
    125 m s-1
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Joshi answered
Speed of police van w.r.t. ground
∴ vPG = 30kmh−1
Speed of thief’s car w.r.t. ground
∴ vTG = 192kmh−1
Speed of bullet w.r.t. police van

 
Speed with which the bullet will hit the thief’s car will be
vBT = vBG + vGT = vBP + vPG + vGT
= 540kmh−1 + 30kmh−1 − 192kmh−1
(∵ vGT = −vTG)

Two cars A and B are running at velocities of 60 km h−1 and 45 km h−1. What is the relative velocity of car A with respect to car B, if both are moving eastward?
  • a)
    15 km h-1
  • b)
    45 km h-1
  • c)
    60 km h-1
  • d)
    105 km h-1
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Anjali Sharma answered
Velocity of car A w.r.t. ground
∴ vAG = 60 kmh−1
Velocity of car B w.r.t. ground
∴ vBG = 45 km h−1
Relative velocity of car A w.r.t. B
vAB = vAG + vGB
=vAG − vBG = 15 km h−1 (∵ vGB = −vBG)

A ball A is dropped from a building of height 45 m. Simultaneously another identical ball B is thrown up with a speed 50 m s−1. The relative speed of ball B w.r.t. ball A at any instant of time is (Take g = 10 m s−2).
  • a)
    0
  • b)
    10 m s-1
  • c)
    25 ms-1
  • d)
    50 ms-1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Here, u= −0 , u= +50ms−1
a= −g , a= −g
uB= uB − u= 50ms−1 − (0)ms−1 = 50ms−1
aB= a− aA = −g − (−g) = 0
∵ vBA = uBA + aBAt(As aBA = 0)
∴ vBA = uBA
As there is no acceleration of ball B w.r.t to ball A, therefore the relative speed of ball B w.r.t ball A at any instant of time remains constant (= 50ms−1).

A train A which is 120m long is running with velocity 20m/s while train B which is 130m long is running in opposite direction with velocity 30m/s. What is the time taken by train B to cross the train A?
  • a)
    5 s
  • b)
    25 s
  • c)
    10 s
  • d)
    100 s
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Understanding the Problem
To find the time taken by train B to completely cross train A, we need to consider both the lengths of the trains and their relative velocities.
Key Information
- Length of Train A: 120 m
- Length of Train B: 130 m
- Velocity of Train A: 20 m/s
- Velocity of Train B: 30 m/s
Relative Velocity Calculation
When two objects move in opposite directions, their relative velocity is the sum of their speeds.
- Relative Velocity = Velocity of Train A + Velocity of Train B
- Relative Velocity = 20 m/s + 30 m/s = 50 m/s
Total Distance to Cross
To find the total distance that train B needs to cover to completely cross train A, we add their lengths:
- Total Distance = Length of Train A + Length of Train B
- Total Distance = 120 m + 130 m = 250 m
Time Calculation
Using the formula for time, which is:
- Time = Total Distance / Relative Velocity
We can substitute the values:
- Time = 250 m / 50 m/s = 5 s
Conclusion
The time taken by train B to completely cross train A is 5 seconds.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'A'.

On a long horizontally moving belt, a child runs to and fro with a speed 9kmh−1 (with respect to the belt) between his father and mother located 50m apart on the moving belt. The belt moves with a speed of 4kmh−1. For an observer on a stationary platform, the speed of the child running in the direction of motion of the belt is
  • a)
    4 km h-1
  • b)
    5 km h-1
  • c)
    9 km h-1
  • d)
    13 km h-1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Sengupta answered
Figure shows conditions of the question.
In this case,
Speed of belt w.r.t. ground
∴ vBG = 4kmh−1
Speed of child w.r.t. belt
∴ vCB = 9kmh−1
∴ For an observer on a stationary platform, speed of child running in the direction of motion of the belt is
vCG = vCB + vBG = 9kmh−1 + 4kmh−1
 = 13kmh−1

On a two-lane road, car A is travelling with a speed of 36 km h-1. Two cars B and C approach car A in opposite directions with a speed of 54 km h-1 each. At a certain instant, when the distance AB is equal to AC, both being 1 km, B decides to overtake A before C does. The minimum required acceleration of car B to avoid an accident is
  • a)
    1 ms-2
  • b)
    1.5 ms-2
  • c)
    2 ms-2
  • d)
    3 ms-2
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ajay Yadav answered

Velocity of car A ,

Velocity of car B ,

Velocity of car C ,

Relative velocity of car B w.r.t. car A
vBA = vB−v= 15ms−1−10ms−1 = 5ms−1
Relative velocity of car C w.r.t. car A is
vCA = vC−v= −15ms−1 − 10ms−1=−25ms−1
At a certain instant, both cars B and C are at the same distance from car A
i.e. AB − BC = 1km = 1000m
Time taken by car C to cover 1km to reach car A

In order to avoid an accident, the car B accelerates such that it overtakes car A in less than 40s. Let the minimum required acceleration be a. Then,

If n is a unit vector in the direction of the vector then
  • a)
  • b)
  • c)
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mira Joshi answered
Unit vector is vector with magnitude unity but having specific direction.
Value of unit vector is given by:
Where,
 = unit vector
A = vector a
∣A∣ = magnitude of vector a

Two cars A and B are running at velocities of 60 km h−1 and 45 km h−1. What is the relative velocity of car A with respect to car B, if car A is moving eastward and car B is moving westward?
  • a)
    15 km h-1 
  • b)
    45 km h-1
  • c)
    60 km h-1
  • d)
    105 km h-1
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Raghav Bansal answered
Velocity of car A w.r.t. ground
∴ vAG = 60 kmh−1  as it is moving towards east
Velocity of car B w.r.t. ground
∴vBG = -45 km h−1  as it is moving towards west
Relative velocity of car A w.r.t. B
vAB = vAG - vBG
= 60 - (-45) = 60 + 45= 105 km h−1 

Two towns A and B are connected by a regular bus service with a bus leaving in either direction every T minutes. A man cycling with a speed of 20 kmh-1 in the direction A to B notices that a bus goes past him every 18 min in the direction of his motion, and every 6 min in the opposite direction. The period T of the bus service is
  • a)
    4.5 min
  • b)
    9 min
  • c)
    12 min
  • d)
    24 min
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
Let vkmh−1 be the constant speed with which the bus travel ply between the towns A and B .
Relative velocity of the bus from A to B with respect to the cyclist = (v − 20)kmh−1
Relative velocity of the bus from B to A with respect to the cyclist = (v + 20)kmh−1
Distance travelled by the bus in time T (minutes) = vT
As per question
Equating (i) and (ii) , we get
= 18v − 18 x 20 = 6v + 20 × 6
or 12v = 20 x 6 + 18 x 20 = 480 or v = 40 kmh−1
Putting this value of v in (i) , we get
40T = 18 x 40 − 18 x 20 = 18 x 20

A jet airplane travelling at the speed of 500kmh−1 ejects its products of combustion at the speed of 1500kmh−1 relative to the jet plane. The speed of the products of combustion with respect to an observer on the ground is
  • a)
    500 km h-1
  • b)
    1000 km h-1
  • c)
    1500 km h-1
  • d)
    2000 km h-1
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Hansa Sharma answered
Veloity of jet plane w.r.t ground vjG = 500 km h-1
Velocity of products of combustion w.r.t jet plane vCJ = -1500 kmh-1
∴ Velocity of products of combustion w.r.t ground is vCG = vCJ + vJG = - 1500kmh-1 + 500 kmh-1
= -1000 km h-1
-ve sign shows that the direction of products of combustion is opposite to that of the plane
∴ Speed of the products of combustion w.r.t ground = 1000 km h-1

A 175m long train is travelling along a straight track with a velocity 72km−1h. A bird is flying parallel to the train in the opposite direction with a velocity 18km−1h. The time taken by the bird to cross the train is
  • a)
    35 s
  • b)
    27 s
  • c)
    11.6 s
  • d)
    7 s
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

The bird and train are moving in opposite directions, so their relative speed is the sum of their speeds: (72 km/h + 18 km/h) = 90 km/h.
Converting this speed into meters per second, we get 90 km/h = 25 m/s in SI units.
The train is 175 meters long. To find the time taken by the bird to cross the train, we use the formula: Time = Distance/Speed.
Thus, Time = 175 m / 25 m/s = 7 seconds.

A ball A is thrown up vertically with a speed u and at the same instant another ball B is released from a height h. At time t, the speed of A relative to B is
  • a)
    u
  • b)
    u - 2gt
  • c)
  • d)
    2u
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
Taking upwards motion of ball A for time t, its velocity is VA = U - gt. 
Taking downwards motion of ball B for time, its velocity is VB = gt. 
 Relative velocity of A w.r.t. B
=VAB = VA -(-VB) = (u - gt) - (-gt) = u

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