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All questions of Atoms, Elements and Compounds for Grade 9 Exam

Which constituent of air is monoatomic?
  • a)
    Argon
  • b)
    Water vapour
  • c)
    Oxygen
  • d)
    Nitrogen
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Avinash Patel answered
Argon is a Noble gas. Noble gases are not very reactive since they have a very stable electron configuration. It is only about 1% of the air in the atmosphere but it is more abundant than any other element on the Periodic Table behind Nitrogen and Oxygen.

Which one of the following is the modern symbol of Gold?
  • a)
    Gl
  • b)
    Go
  • c)
    Si
  • d)
    Au
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Singh answered
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.

The combining capacity of an element is called 
  • a)
    Valency 
  • b)
    Atomicity 
  • c)
    Atomic number 
  • d)
    Valence electron
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditi Sharma answered
  • The combining capacity of an element is known as its valency.
  • Valency is the number of valence electrons in outer shell that take part in the chemical reaction.

Can you explain the answer of this question below:

Which is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction?

  • A:

    Molecule

  • B:

    Mixture

  • C:

    Compound

  • D:

    Atom

The answer is d.

Arvind Singh answered
The basic unit of matter is the atom. It is the smallest particle of an element which can take part in chemical reactions and may or may not exist separately. It consists of sub-atomic particles, i.e., protons, neutrons and electrons.

Identify the correct symbol of Gold. 
  • a)
    Go 
  • b)
    Gd 
  • c)
    Ge 
  • d)
    Au 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Aditi Sharma answered
The chemical symbol for gold is Au, taken from the Latin word for gold- Aurum. Its atomic number is 79.

The number of atoms present in one molecule of an element is called as:
  • a)
    Empirical formula
  • b)
    Molecule
  • c)
    Atomicity
  • d)
    Compound
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Sharma answered
Atomicity is the total number of atoms present in one molecule of an element or a compound. 
For example: one molecule of hydrogen (H2) contains two atoms of hydrogen. Therefore, atomicity of hydrogen is 2. Similarly, 1 molecule of O3 contains 3 atoms. Therefore, its atomicity is 3. molecule of Argon exist as Ar and hence its a monoatomic compound.

The atom is indivisible, was proposed by
  • a)
    Einstein
  • b)
    Lavoisier
  • c)
    Dalton
  • d)
    Proust
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Yes john Dalton say this first but this was expect after because this is made up of electron protein and nuetron

One atomic mass unit is a mass unit equal to exactly one twelfth (1/12th) the mass of one atom of ___________.
  • a)
    Carbon-12
  • b)
    Nitrogen -14
  • c)
    Carbon-1
  • d)
    4.Silicon-14
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
An atomic mass unit (symbolized AMU or amu) is defined as precisely 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12. The carbon-12 (C-12) atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. In imprecise terms, one AMU is the average of the proton rest mass and the neutron rest mass.

NaCl molecule is made of which of the following ions?
  • a)
    Na cation and Cl anion
  • b)
    Cl cation and Na anion
  • c)
    Both Na and Cl cation
  • d)
    Both Na and Cl anion
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
An oxygen molecule (O2) is a good example of a molecule with a covalent bond. Ionic bonds occur when electrons are donated from one atom to another. Table salt (NaCl) is a common example of a compound with an ionic bond.

Valency of Calcium element is:
  • a)
    4
  • b)
    5
  • c)
    2
  • d)
    3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Amit Sharma answered
The valency of Calcium of 2+. Calcium has 2 electrons in its outermost shell, its electronic configuration being (2,8,8,2). In order to attain stability it loses 2 electrons to become stable according to the octet rule.

The reaction used in the experiment to verify the law of conservation of masses is included in which of the following categories?
AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous) —–AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)
  • a)
    Precipitation reaction
  • b)
    Double displacement reaction
  • c)
    Neutralization reaction
  • d)
    Both A and B
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Imk Pathshala answered
The correct answer is D: Both A and B.

- Precipitation Reaction: AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq) forms a solid precipitate.
- Double Displacement Reaction: AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq) involves the exchange of ions between two compounds.
- Explanation: The given reaction demonstrates both characteristics, forming a precipitate (A) and involving double displacement of ions (B), making it both a precipitation and a double displacement reaction.

Which one of the following phrases would be incorrect to use?
  • a)
    A mole of an element
  • b)
    A mole of a compound
  • c)
    An atom of an element
  • d)
    An atom of a compound
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Krishna Iyer answered
 it  will be incorrect to say that  an  atom of  a compound   because, 
Every combination of atoms is a molecule. A compound is a molecule made of atoms  from different elements. All compounds are molecules , but not all molecules are compounds.

Which of the following is the chemical symbol for nitrogen gas?
  • a)
    N2
  • b)
    N
  • c)
    N3
  • d)
    Ni
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Mahi Chauhan answered
The chemical formula of Nitrogen is N but Nitrogen exists in the molecule of two ions hence the chemical symbol of Nitrogen gas is written as N2.

Which atom is the smallest atom of all?
  • a)
    Lithium
  • b)
    Helium
  • c)
    Hydrogen
  • d)
    Carbon
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Explanation:
The size of an atom is determined by its atomic radius, which is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron. Therefore, the smallest atom will have the smallest atomic radius.


Factors Affecting Atomic Radius:

  • Number of protons in the nucleus

  • Number of energy levels or electron shells

  • Effective nuclear charge



Comparison of Atomic Radii:
Based on the factors affecting atomic radius, we can compare the atomic radii of the four given elements:


  • Hydrogen has only one proton and one electron, making it the smallest atom.

  • Helium has two protons and two electrons, making it slightly larger than hydrogen.

  • Lithium has three protons and electrons, and is larger than both hydrogen and helium.

  • Carbon has six protons and electrons, and is larger than all three previous elements.



Conclusion:
Therefore, the smallest atom of all is Hydrogen, with only one proton and one electron.

How do atoms usually exist in nature?
  • a)
    In the form of molecules
  • b)
    In the form of ions
  • c)
    In the free state
  • d)
    In the form of molecules and Ions
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Khushi answered
Most of the elements in environment do not have 8 electrons in their valance shells(because of which they are more or less reactive and unstable ) so they react with the atoms of other metals to form molecules or ion to achieve noble gas configuration and become stable. The atoms of only a few elements like helium , Neon ..etc have their valance shells already filled with 8 electrons.so they can exist in free state. But matter mostly exist in the form of molecules and ions.

The atomic masses and chemical properties of Sulphur and Phosphorus are different. This can be explained on the basis of:
  • a)
    Law of conservation of mass
  • b)
    Laws of Chemical combination
  • c)
    Law of constant proportions
  • d)
    Dalton’s Atomic theory
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Gargi Das answered
The correct answer is d) Dalton's atomic theory.

Dalton's atomic theory states that atoms are indivisible and that compounds are formed by the combination of atoms in specific ratios. According to this theory, the atomic masses of elements like Sulphur and Phosphorus are different because they are made up of different types and numbers of atoms.

On the other hand, the other options mentioned (a) Law of conservation of mass, b) Laws of Chemical combination, and c) Law of constant proportions) are not directly related to the differences in atomic masses and chemical properties of Sulphur and Phosphorus. These laws deal with broader concepts in chemistry such as the conservation of mass during chemical reactions, the combination of elements to form compounds, and the fixed ratios of elements in compounds, respectively.

1.0 mole CO2 contains
  • a)
    6.022 x 10-23 atoms of carbon
  • b)
    6.022 X 10-23 atoms of oxygen
  • c)
    6.022 x 1023 molecules of CO2
  • d)
    3g atom of CO2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Swati Verma answered
  • One mole of CO2 = one mole of C = 6.02×10 23 atoms of carbon.
  • One mole of CO2 = two moles of O = 2×6.02×1023= 12.04×10 23 atoms of oxygen.
  • One mole of CO2​ = 6.02×1023 molecules of CO2
Note: 6.02×1023 is Avogadro's number and represents number of atoms/molecules present in one mole of substance.

Who gave the Law of constant proportions?
  • a) 
    Cavendish
  • b) 
    Proust
  • c) 
    Dalton
  • d) 
    Lavoisier
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Singh answered
A molecule of water will always have two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, meaning that in a bottle of pure water the hydrogen to oxygen atom ratio will always be 2:1. This seems very logical to us today. But 300 years ago, scientists didn't understand compounds this way. However, in 1794, Joseph Proust published the Law of Constant Proportions, which says that a chemical molecule will always contains the same elements in the same proportion.
There are two parts to the law of constant proportions: 1) there will always be the same elements that make up a compound, and 2) the mass of these compounds will always be in the same proportion.

Identify the correct one from the following statements. 
  • a)
    Elements can be changed into simpler substances. 
  • b)
    Compound has variable composition 
  • c)
    The mixture has properties similar to its components. 
  • d)
    Brass is a compound of Copper and Zinc
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Geetika Shah answered
option ( c) The mixture has properties similar to its compound is the correct answer. 
 
Explanation:- 
This is because in a mixture, the constituent particles are not mixed chemically.
They are mixed physically and can be separated fairly easily by physical Methods.
Thus they show the properties of components.
Example can be alloys.

The percentage of hydrogen in water is______.
  • a)
    1.11%
  • b)
    11.11%
  • c)
    8.89 %
  • d)
    88.9%
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Arun Sharma answered
There is also one mole of oxygen atoms weighing 16.00 grams in the mole of water and that of hydrogen is 2.00 gram.
To get the percentage of hydrogen, divide the 2 by 18 and multiply by 100.
i.e. Percentage of hydrogen = (2/18) x 100 = 11.11%

Which is not represented by 1 mole of nitrogen gas? 
  • a)
    6.023 x 1023 N2 molecules 
  • b)
    22.4 L of N2 at STP 
  • c)
    6.023 x 1023 nitrogen atoms 
  • d)
    28 g of nitrogen.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Representation of 1 mole of nitrogen gas

- 1 mole of any substance is defined as the amount of the substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles, which is approximately 6.023 x 10^23.
- Nitrogen gas, represented by the chemical formula N2, is a diatomic molecule made up of two nitrogen atoms.
- Therefore, 1 mole of nitrogen gas contains 6.023 x 10^23 N2 molecules.

Options and their representation

a) 6.023 x 10^23 N2 molecules

- This option is correct as it represents 1 mole of nitrogen gas, which contains Avogadro's number of N2 molecules.

b) 22.4 L of N2 at STP

- This option is also correct as 1 mole of any gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) occupies 22.4 L of volume.
- Therefore, 1 mole of nitrogen gas at STP occupies 22.4 L of volume.

c) 6.023 x 10^23 nitrogen atoms

- This option is incorrect as 1 mole of nitrogen gas contains 6.023 x 10^23 N2 molecules, which means it contains twice the number of nitrogen atoms.
- Therefore, 1 mole of nitrogen gas contains 2 x 6.023 x 10^23 nitrogen atoms, which is not represented by this option.

d) 28 g of nitrogen

- This option is correct as the molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) is approximately 28 g/mol.
- Therefore, 1 mole of nitrogen gas weighs 28 g.

Valency of hydrogen is 1 and that of sulphur is 2. What should be the formula of hydrogen sulphide?​
  • a)
    HS
  • b)
    H2S2
  • c)
    HS2
  • d)
    H2S
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic foul odor of rotten eggs. It is very poisonous, corrosive, and flammable.

Molecules can exist in free state because:
  • a)
    They are very stable.
  • b)
    They are electrically charged.
  • c)
    They are very reactive.
  • d)
    They are bigger in size as compared to atoms.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

The answer to the given question is option 'A': Molecules can exist in a free state because they are very stable.

Explanation:

Molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically combine by sharing electrons or through other types of bonding. These atoms can be from the same element or different elements. The resulting molecule has a stable structure due to the sharing or transfer of electrons, which allows the atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration. Here is a detailed explanation of why molecules are stable and can exist in a free state:

1. Stable electron configuration:
Molecules are formed when atoms combine in such a way that they achieve a stable electron configuration. This stability is achieved by filling or emptying their outermost energy level, also known as the valence shell. By sharing or transferring electrons, atoms can achieve a full valence shell, which is a highly stable configuration. This stable electron configuration contributes to the stability of molecules.

2. Strong chemical bonds:
Molecules are held together by strong chemical bonds, such as covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. These bonds are formed through the attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons. The strength of these bonds contributes to the stability of molecules.

3. Low potential energy:
Molecules have lower potential energy compared to individual atoms. When atoms combine to form a molecule, the resulting structure has a lower energy state. This decrease in potential energy is due to the formation of chemical bonds, which release energy. The lower potential energy of molecules makes them more stable and allows them to exist in a free state.

4. Balanced forces:
In a molecule, the attractive forces between atoms (chemical bonds) are balanced by repulsive forces between electrons and between nuclei. This balance of forces helps maintain the structure of the molecule and prevents it from easily breaking apart. The balanced forces contribute to the stability of molecules in a free state.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, molecules can exist in a free state because they are very stable. This stability is due to their stable electron configuration, strong chemical bonds, low potential energy, and balanced forces. These factors work together to maintain the integrity of the molecule and prevent it from easily dissociating into its constituent atoms.

Which of the following can be used to see atoms?
  • a)
    Scanning tunneling microscope
  • b)
    Microscope
  • c)
    Most powerful microscope
  • d)
    Optical microscope
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Jyoti Kapoor answered
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (at IBM Zrich), the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. For an STM, good resolution is considered to be 0.1 nm lateral resolution and 0.01 nm (10 pm) depth resolution.With this resolution, individual atoms within materials are routinely imaged and manipulated. The STM can be used not only in ultra-high vacuum but also in air, water, and various other liquid or gas ambients, and at temperatures ranging from near zero kelvin to over 1000 DEGC.

Calculate the formula unit mass of ZnCl2?
  • a)
    136.3 u
  • b)
    124 u
  • c)
    123 u
  • d)
    111 u
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Kavya Nambiar answered
Formula mass unit is calculatedin same way as molecular mass.
so,zncl2= 65.3+35.5 x 2
             = 65.3+71
            =136.3

Can you explain the answer of this question below:

Which of the following is correct pair of elements and its symbol?

  • A:

    Silver – Si

  • B:

    Sodium – So

  • C:

    Potassium – Pt

  • D:

    Sulphur – S

The answer is d.

Prachi Rathore answered
Here are the righ pairs .......... ... silver-Ag ....... sodium-Na ...... potassium- K...... and sulphur - s so in the given options (D) sulphur - s. is right answer

18 g of water is electrolysed. The weight of oxygen formed will be 
  • a)
    16 g 
  • b)
    8 g 
  • c)
    4 g 
  • d)
    2 g 
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Parth Khanna answered
Electrolysis of Water

Electrolysis is a process of decomposition of a compound by passing electricity through it. Water can also be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases.

The balanced chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is as follows:

2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

From this equation, it is clear that for every 2 moles of water electrolyzed, 1 mole of oxygen gas is produced.

Calculation of Oxygen Gas Produced

Given that 18 g of water is electrolyzed, we need to calculate the weight of oxygen gas produced.

The molar mass of water (H2O) is 18 g/mol. Therefore, 18 g of water is equal to 1 mole of water.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of water produces 1/2 mole of oxygen gas.

The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is 32 g/mol. Therefore, 1/2 mole of oxygen gas is equal to 16 g.

Hence, the weight of oxygen gas produced from the electrolysis of 18 g of water is 16 g.

Therefore, option A, 16 g, is the correct answer.

9 grams of water decompose to give:
  • a)
    4g oxygen and 16g hydrogen
  • b)
    2g hydrogen and 1g oxygen
  • c)
    8g oxygen and 1g hydrogen
  • d)
    none
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Imk Pathshala answered
The decomposition of water (H₂O) into its constituent gases yields 1 gram of hydrogen (H₂) and 8 grams of oxygen (O₂) from 9 grams of water, which aligns with the law of conservation of mass.

A student heats 25g of reactant ‘A’ with 50g of reactant ‘B’. He obtains 50g of product ‘C’ and recovers 25 g of unreacted ‘B’. Which of the following law is confirmed in the following reaction?
  • a)
    Law of constant proportion
  • b)
    Law of conservation of mass
  • c)
    Law of conservation of mass and Law of constant proportion
  • d)
    Law of multiple proportion
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Arvind Singh answered
Two laws are followed in this question.
First law is Law of definite proportion as follows: 
Here 25 g of reactant A reacts with 50 g of reactant B to produce 50 g of product C. That means 25 g of A consumes only 25 g of B. The ratio is 1:1. Even if there would have been say 75 g B is present, still only 25 g of B will react with 25 g of A. Or if 10 g of B is present then only 10 g of A will react and remaining 15 g of A will remain unreacted. 
Second law is Law of conservation of mass as follows :
There is 25 g of A and 50 g of B. That means total 75 g of reactant is present. On product side 50 g of C and 25 g of unreacted B is present. That means total 75 g of product is present. Hence, the correct option will be " Law of conservation of mass and Law of constant proportion ".

The balancing of chemical equation is based upon:
  • a)
    Law of conservation of mass
  • b)
    Law of multiple proportions
  • c)
    Law of definite proportion
  • d)
    Law of combining volumes
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Nikhil Mehra answered
A chemical equation consists of reactants, products and an arrow showing the direction of reaction. The equation in which number of atoms of all the molecules is equal on both sides of the equation is known as balanced chemical equation. Law of conservation of mass governs the balancing of a chemical equation.

Which of the following illustrates the law of conservation of mass?
  • a)
    1.70 g of AgN03 reacts with 0.01 mol of HCl to form 1.435 g of AgCl and 0.63 g of HNO3
  • b)
    12 g of CO reacts with 32 g of 02 to form 44 g of C02 
  • c)
    12 g of C is heated in vacuum and cooling there is no change in mass
  • d)
    100 g of ice forms 100 g of water liquid on melting
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Suyash Rane answered
Option 2 illustrates the law of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. This means that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
In option 2, 12 g of CO reacts with 32 g of O2 to form 44 g of CO2. The total mass of the reactants (12 g + 32 g = 44 g) is equal to the total mass of the product (44 g). This illustrates the law of conservation of mass.
Option 1 is an example of the law of definite proportions, which states that a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
Option 3 is not a valid example of the law of conservation of mass, as heating carbon in a vacuum can lead to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon suboxide, which can escape and change the mass of the system.
Option 4 is an example of a physical change, where the state of matter of a substance changes, but the mass of the substance remains the same. It does not illustrate the law of conservation of mass.

Which of the following statement is not in accordance with Dalton’s atomic theory?
  • a)
    All matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms.
  • b)
    Atoms can be divided into proton, neutron and electrons.
  • c)
    Atoms of given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.
  • d)
    Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ananya Das answered
Dalton’s Atomic Theory was given by John Dalton.
According to this theory: -
(a) Matter is made up of invisible particles known as atoms.
(b) The properties of all the atoms of a given element are the same including mass.
(c) Atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.
(d) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
(e) The formation of new products results from the rearrangements of existing atoms.
(f) Atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and properties.

Match the following with correct response. 
  • a)
    1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
  • b)
    1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
  • c)
    1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
  • d)
    1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Nk Classes answered
The Law of Definite Proportions states that a compound always contains the same elements in certain fixed proportions by mass, regardless of its source or how it was prepared.

A compound contains 8% sulphur by mass. The minimum molecular weight of the compound is:
  • a)
    100 
  • b)
    200 
  • c)
    300 
  • d)
    400 
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Kopal Erpache answered
The compound has sulphur=8%
∴ 8g of S is present in 100g
∴ 32g of S is present in 100/8 ×32 = 400g
[Least molecular mass means that at least one atom of sulphur should be present in molecule]

Molecular minimum weight is 400g

The mass of one atom of carbon-12 is
  • a)
    1 g
  • b)
    1.99 x 10-23g
  • c)
    1/12 g
  • d)
    1.99 x 1023 g
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Ritika Chauhan answered
Mass of one atom = Avogadro′s numberMass of one mole of atom​=12/6.02×1023
Mass of one carbon atom = 1.994×10−23g

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