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All questions of Database Concepts for Humanities/Arts Exam
The term "ODBC" stands for_____- a)Oral database connectivity
- b)Oracle database connectivity
- c)Open database connectivity
- d)Object database connectivity
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "ODBC" stands for_____
a)
Oral database connectivity
b)
Oracle database connectivity
c)
Open database connectivity
d)
Object database connectivity
|
Aniket Banerjee answered |
"term" can have different meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Here are a few possible interpretations:
1. In linguistics, a term refers to a word or phrase that represents a specific concept or object.
2. In mathematics, a term is a component of an algebraic expression or equation that can be added or subtracted.
3. In education, a term refers to a specific period of time during which academic instruction takes place, such as a semester or a quarter.
4. In law, a term refers to the conditions or provisions of a contract or agreement.
5. In business, a term can refer to the length of time for which a loan or financial agreement is in effect.
These are just a few examples, and the meaning of the term "term" can vary depending on the specific field or context in which it is used.
1. In linguistics, a term refers to a word or phrase that represents a specific concept or object.
2. In mathematics, a term is a component of an algebraic expression or equation that can be added or subtracted.
3. In education, a term refers to a specific period of time during which academic instruction takes place, such as a semester or a quarter.
4. In law, a term refers to the conditions or provisions of a contract or agreement.
5. In business, a term can refer to the length of time for which a loan or financial agreement is in effect.
These are just a few examples, and the meaning of the term "term" can vary depending on the specific field or context in which it is used.
To which of the following the term "DBA" referred?- a)Data Bank Administrator
- b)Database Administrator
- c)Data Administrator
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
To which of the following the term "DBA" referred?
a)
Data Bank Administrator
b)
Database Administrator
c)
Data Administrator
d)
None of the above
|
|
Charvi Sharma answered |
"the term" is not specified in the question. Please provide more information or options for us to assist you.
Which of the following keys is generally used to represents the relationships between the tables?- a)Primary key
- b)Foreign key
- c)Secondary key
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following keys is generally used to represents the relationships between the tables?
a)
Primary key
b)
Foreign key
c)
Secondary key
d)
None of the above
|
Sanskriti Deshpande answered |
Foreign key
A foreign key is generally used to represent the relationships between tables in a database. Let's understand this concept in detail:
Tables in a database:
- In a database, data is stored in tables that are organized into rows and columns. Each table represents a specific entity or concept, and each row in the table represents a specific instance or record of that entity.
- For example, in a database for a school, you might have separate tables for students, teachers, and classes. Each table would contain relevant data about the respective entities.
Relationships between tables:
- In a relational database, tables are often related to each other through common attributes or fields.
- For example, in the school database, the students table and the classes table might be related by a common attribute such as the class ID.
- These relationships allow us to retrieve and manipulate data across multiple tables, enabling the database to represent complex real-world scenarios.
Foreign key:
- A foreign key is a field or combination of fields in one table that refers to the primary key in another table.
- It establishes a link between two tables by enforcing referential integrity, which ensures that the values in the foreign key field(s) correspond to an existing value in the referenced table's primary key.
- In the school database example, the classes table might have a foreign key field called "student_id" that references the primary key field "id" in the students table.
- This foreign key relationship would indicate that each class entry is associated with a specific student entry.
Representing relationships:
- By using foreign keys, we can represent various types of relationships between tables, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
- For example, a one-to-many relationship can be represented by having the primary key of the "one" table as a foreign key in the "many" table.
- This allows us to establish connections and retrieve related data efficiently when querying the database.
Conclusion:
In summary, the foreign key is generally used to represent the relationships between tables in a database. It establishes connections between tables by referencing the primary key of one table in another table, enabling efficient retrieval and manipulation of related data.
A foreign key is generally used to represent the relationships between tables in a database. Let's understand this concept in detail:
Tables in a database:
- In a database, data is stored in tables that are organized into rows and columns. Each table represents a specific entity or concept, and each row in the table represents a specific instance or record of that entity.
- For example, in a database for a school, you might have separate tables for students, teachers, and classes. Each table would contain relevant data about the respective entities.
Relationships between tables:
- In a relational database, tables are often related to each other through common attributes or fields.
- For example, in the school database, the students table and the classes table might be related by a common attribute such as the class ID.
- These relationships allow us to retrieve and manipulate data across multiple tables, enabling the database to represent complex real-world scenarios.
Foreign key:
- A foreign key is a field or combination of fields in one table that refers to the primary key in another table.
- It establishes a link between two tables by enforcing referential integrity, which ensures that the values in the foreign key field(s) correspond to an existing value in the referenced table's primary key.
- In the school database example, the classes table might have a foreign key field called "student_id" that references the primary key field "id" in the students table.
- This foreign key relationship would indicate that each class entry is associated with a specific student entry.
Representing relationships:
- By using foreign keys, we can represent various types of relationships between tables, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.
- For example, a one-to-many relationship can be represented by having the primary key of the "one" table as a foreign key in the "many" table.
- This allows us to establish connections and retrieve related data efficiently when querying the database.
Conclusion:
In summary, the foreign key is generally used to represent the relationships between tables in a database. It establishes connections between tables by referencing the primary key of one table in another table, enabling efficient retrieval and manipulation of related data.
In a relation database, every tuples divided into the fields are known as the______.- a)Queries
- b)Domains
- c)Relations
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In a relation database, every tuples divided into the fields are known as the______.
a)
Queries
b)
Domains
c)
Relations
d)
All of the above
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
In a database, the number of rows inside a table is known as tuples, and if we further divide those tuples (or rows) into those fields, they become the domains. So the correct answer will be B.
In which one of the following, the multiple lower entities are grouped (or combined) together to form a single higher-level entity?- a)Specialization
- b)Generalization
- c)Aggregation
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
In which one of the following, the multiple lower entities are grouped (or combined) together to form a single higher-level entity?
a)
Specialization
b)
Generalization
c)
Aggregation
d)
None of the above
|
Harshitha Basu answered |
Generalization
Generalization is the process of combining multiple lower entities to form a single higher-level entity. It is a concept used in various fields, including computer science, data modeling, and even in the study of human knowledge and understanding.
Explanation:
Generalization involves creating a higher-level entity that represents a commonality or abstraction of multiple lower-level entities. It is typically used when there are similarities or shared characteristics among the lower entities that can be generalized into a single concept.
Example:
To better understand generalization, let's consider an example in the field of computer science. Suppose we have a class hierarchy for vehicles, where we have specific classes for cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. Each of these lower-level entities has its own unique attributes and behaviors.
However, we can also identify common attributes and behaviors that are shared among all vehicles. For example, all vehicles have a color, a number of wheels, and a maximum speed. Instead of duplicating these attributes and behaviors in each specific class, we can create a higher-level entity called "Vehicle" and generalize these common characteristics.
By generalizing the common attributes and behaviors into the "Vehicle" class, we can reduce redundancy and make the class hierarchy more organized and efficient. This also allows us to define common methods or functions that can be used by all types of vehicles.
Advantages of Generalization:
- Reduces redundancy: Generalization helps to eliminate the repetition of common attributes and behaviors among lower entities, leading to more efficient and maintainable code or data models.
- Enhances organization: By grouping similar entities together, generalization improves the organization and structure of a system or model.
- Enables abstraction: Generalization allows us to abstract the common characteristics of lower entities, making it easier to understand and work with complex systems.
In conclusion, generalization is the process of combining multiple lower entities into a single higher-level entity. It helps to eliminate redundancy, improve organization, and enable abstraction in various fields.
Generalization is the process of combining multiple lower entities to form a single higher-level entity. It is a concept used in various fields, including computer science, data modeling, and even in the study of human knowledge and understanding.
Explanation:
Generalization involves creating a higher-level entity that represents a commonality or abstraction of multiple lower-level entities. It is typically used when there are similarities or shared characteristics among the lower entities that can be generalized into a single concept.
Example:
To better understand generalization, let's consider an example in the field of computer science. Suppose we have a class hierarchy for vehicles, where we have specific classes for cars, motorcycles, and bicycles. Each of these lower-level entities has its own unique attributes and behaviors.
However, we can also identify common attributes and behaviors that are shared among all vehicles. For example, all vehicles have a color, a number of wheels, and a maximum speed. Instead of duplicating these attributes and behaviors in each specific class, we can create a higher-level entity called "Vehicle" and generalize these common characteristics.
By generalizing the common attributes and behaviors into the "Vehicle" class, we can reduce redundancy and make the class hierarchy more organized and efficient. This also allows us to define common methods or functions that can be used by all types of vehicles.
Advantages of Generalization:
- Reduces redundancy: Generalization helps to eliminate the repetition of common attributes and behaviors among lower entities, leading to more efficient and maintainable code or data models.
- Enhances organization: By grouping similar entities together, generalization improves the organization and structure of a system or model.
- Enables abstraction: Generalization allows us to abstract the common characteristics of lower entities, making it easier to understand and work with complex systems.
In conclusion, generalization is the process of combining multiple lower entities into a single higher-level entity. It helps to eliminate redundancy, improve organization, and enable abstraction in various fields.
Which one of the following commands is used for removing (or deleting) a relation forms the SQL database?- a)Delete
- b)Drop
- c)Remove
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following commands is used for removing (or deleting) a relation forms the SQL database?
a)
Delete
b)
Drop
c)
Remove
d)
All of the above
|
|
Sanskriti Deshpande answered |
Explanation:
In SQL, the command used for removing or deleting a relation or table from the database is the DROP command. This command permanently removes the specified relation from the database.
Details:
The DROP command is used to delete an entire relation or table along with all its data and associated objects such as indexes, constraints, triggers, etc. It is a powerful command that should be used with caution as it cannot be undone and the data will be lost permanently.
Syntax:
The syntax of the DROP command is as follows:
```
DROP TABLE table_name;
```
Here, `table_name` refers to the name of the relation or table that needs to be dropped.
Example:
Suppose we have a relation named "employees" in our database, and we want to delete it. We can use the DROP command as follows:
```
DROP TABLE employees;
```
This command will remove the "employees" relation from the database, along with all its data and associated objects.
Alternative commands:
- The DELETE command is used to delete specific rows or records from a relation, but it does not remove the entire relation itself. It is used to remove specific data from a table based on certain conditions.
- The REMOVE command is not a standard SQL command for removing relations. It may be a command specific to certain database management systems or programming languages.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option B) Drop, as it is the standard SQL command used for removing or deleting a relation or table from the database.
In SQL, the command used for removing or deleting a relation or table from the database is the DROP command. This command permanently removes the specified relation from the database.
Details:
The DROP command is used to delete an entire relation or table along with all its data and associated objects such as indexes, constraints, triggers, etc. It is a powerful command that should be used with caution as it cannot be undone and the data will be lost permanently.
Syntax:
The syntax of the DROP command is as follows:
```
DROP TABLE table_name;
```
Here, `table_name` refers to the name of the relation or table that needs to be dropped.
Example:
Suppose we have a relation named "employees" in our database, and we want to delete it. We can use the DROP command as follows:
```
DROP TABLE employees;
```
This command will remove the "employees" relation from the database, along with all its data and associated objects.
Alternative commands:
- The DELETE command is used to delete specific rows or records from a relation, but it does not remove the entire relation itself. It is used to remove specific data from a table based on certain conditions.
- The REMOVE command is not a standard SQL command for removing relations. It may be a command specific to certain database management systems or programming languages.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option B) Drop, as it is the standard SQL command used for removing or deleting a relation or table from the database.
The database management system can be considered as the collection of ______ that enables us to create and maintain the database.- a)Translators
- b)Programs
- c)Keys
- d)Language activity
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The database management system can be considered as the collection of ______ that enables us to create and maintain the database.
a)
Translators
b)
Programs
c)
Keys
d)
Language activity
|
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
The Database management system can also considered as the set of programs that enables users to create and maintain the database.
Ready the Query carefully:SELECT emp_name
FROM department
WHERE dept_name LIKE ' _____ Computer Science'; In the above-given Query, which of the following can be placed in the Query's blank portion to select the "dept_name" that also contains Computer Science as its ending string?- a)&
- b)_
- c)%
- d)$
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Ready the Query carefully:
SELECT emp_name
FROM department
WHERE dept_name LIKE ' _____ Computer Science';
FROM department
WHERE dept_name LIKE ' _____ Computer Science';
In the above-given Query, which of the following can be placed in the Query's blank portion to select the "dept_name" that also contains Computer Science as its ending string?
a)
&
b)
_
c)
%
d)
$
|
|
Devansh Choudhary answered |
Employee names from the "Computer Science" department?
A. '%'
B. '_'
C. '%Computer Science%'
D. 'Computer Science'
A. '%'
B. '_'
C. '%Computer Science%'
D. 'Computer Science'
The term "TCL" stands for_____.- a)Ternary Control Language
- b)Transmission Control Language
- c)Transaction Central Language
- d)Transaction Control Language
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "TCL" stands for_____.
a)
Ternary Control Language
b)
Transmission Control Language
c)
Transaction Central Language
d)
Transaction Control Language
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The term "TCL" refers to the Transaction Control Language, which is another language just like the "DDL" and "DML". The commands like commit, save point, rollback come under the TCL used to control the transactions. Therefore the correct answer will be D.
Which of the following can be considered as the maximum size that is supported by NTFS?- a)4GB
- b)16TB
- c)64TB
- d)8TB
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following can be considered as the maximum size that is supported by NTFS?
a)
4GB
b)
16TB
c)
64TB
d)
8TB
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The New Technology File System was introduced in 1993 for the very first time as a part of new Windows operating systems (Windows NT 3.1).
You may be surprised to know that windows are still using it because of its fast speed and can support files whose size is up to 16TB (16 terabytes), which is much more than that file size supported by the old system.
You may be surprised to know that windows are still using it because of its fast speed and can support files whose size is up to 16TB (16 terabytes), which is much more than that file size supported by the old system.
Which of the following can be used to extract or filter the data & information from the data warehouse?- a)Data redundancy
- b)Data recovery tool
- c)Data mining
- d)Both B and C
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following can be used to extract or filter the data & information from the data warehouse?
a)
Data redundancy
b)
Data recovery tool
c)
Data mining
d)
Both B and C
|
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
The tools used to obtain meaningful information or Data from the large collection of data (or from the Data Warehouses) are known as the Data mining tools. Through data mining, one can easily filter the useful information or data from the massive collection of the data. Therefore the correct answer is Data Mining.
Which one of the following given statements possibly contains the error?- a)select * from emp where empid = 10003;
- b)select empid from emp where empid = 10006;
- c)select empid from emp;
- d)select empid where empid = 1009 and Lastname = 'GELLER';
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following given statements possibly contains the error?
a)
select * from emp where empid = 10003;
b)
select empid from emp where empid = 10006;
c)
select empid from emp;
d)
select empid where empid = 1009 and Lastname = 'GELLER';
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The Query given in option D does not contain the "from" clause, which specifies the relation from which the values have to be selected or fetched. Therefore the correct answer is D.
Which of the following is used in the application programs to request data from the database management system?- a)Data Manipulation language
- b)Data Definition Language
- c)Data Control Language
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is used in the application programs to request data from the database management system?
a)
Data Manipulation language
b)
Data Definition Language
c)
Data Control Language
d)
All of the above
|
Mahesh Banerjee answered |
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used in application programs to retrieve and manipulate data from a database management system (DBMS). It is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that allows users to perform various operations on the data stored in a database.
Key Points:
- DML is primarily concerned with the manipulation of data within the database.
- It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data from the database.
- DML statements are used to query the database and retrieve specific data based on certain conditions.
- These statements are also used to add new data to the database, modify existing data, and delete unwanted data.
- DML statements include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Example:
Let's consider an example of a simple application program that interacts with a database. Suppose we have a database table named "Employees" with columns like "ID," "Name," "Age," and "Salary." The application program may need to retrieve the names of all employees whose age is above 30. In this case, the program would use a SELECT statement, which is a DML statement, to request the required data from the database management system.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, DML is the subset of SQL used in application programs to request data from a database management system. It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data from the database. Other options like Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Control Language (DCL) have different purposes. DDL is used to define the structure of the database, while DCL is used to control access and permissions to the database. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - Data Manipulation Language.
Data Manipulation Language (DML) is used in application programs to retrieve and manipulate data from a database management system (DBMS). It is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that allows users to perform various operations on the data stored in a database.
Key Points:
- DML is primarily concerned with the manipulation of data within the database.
- It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data from the database.
- DML statements are used to query the database and retrieve specific data based on certain conditions.
- These statements are also used to add new data to the database, modify existing data, and delete unwanted data.
- DML statements include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Example:
Let's consider an example of a simple application program that interacts with a database. Suppose we have a database table named "Employees" with columns like "ID," "Name," "Age," and "Salary." The application program may need to retrieve the names of all employees whose age is above 30. In this case, the program would use a SELECT statement, which is a DML statement, to request the required data from the database management system.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, DML is the subset of SQL used in application programs to request data from a database management system. It allows users to retrieve, insert, update, and delete data from the database. Other options like Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Control Language (DCL) have different purposes. DDL is used to define the structure of the database, while DCL is used to control access and permissions to the database. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'A' - Data Manipulation Language.
Which of the following commands is used to save any transaction permanently into the database?- a)Commit
- b)Rollback
- c)Savepoint
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following commands is used to save any transaction permanently into the database?
a)
Commit
b)
Rollback
c)
Savepoint
d)
None of the above
|
|
Kavya Khanna answered |
Commit
The command used to permanently save a transaction into the database is 'Commit'. When a transaction is executed in a database management system (DBMS), it may involve multiple operations such as inserting, updating, or deleting data. These operations are grouped together as a single unit called a transaction. The purpose of a transaction is to maintain the consistency and integrity of the database.
Explanation:
When a transaction is executed, the changes made to the database are temporarily stored in a transaction log. This log records all the modifications made during the transaction. However, these changes are not immediately applied to the actual database. The 'Commit' command is used to permanently save these changes and make them visible to other users accessing the database.
Importance of Commit:
Committing a transaction is important for several reasons:
1. Data Consistency: By committing a transaction, the changes made to the database are finalized and all related data is updated accordingly. This ensures that the database remains consistent and avoids any conflicting or incorrect information.
2. Data Integrity: Committing a transaction ensures that the changes made are durable and will persist even in the event of a system failure or power outage. It guarantees that the database will be in a consistent state after recovery.
3. Concurrency Control: In a multi-user environment, multiple transactions can be executed concurrently. The 'Commit' command allows one transaction to complete its execution and release any locks it holds on the data, allowing other transactions to access the modified data.
4. Rollback Prevention: Once a transaction is committed, it cannot be rolled back unless a new transaction is executed to undo the changes. Committing a transaction ensures that the changes are permanent and cannot be easily reversed, providing data integrity.
Conclusion:
The 'Commit' command is used to permanently save a transaction into the database, ensuring data consistency, integrity, and durability. It is a crucial step in the transaction process and plays a vital role in maintaining a reliable and accurate database.
The command used to permanently save a transaction into the database is 'Commit'. When a transaction is executed in a database management system (DBMS), it may involve multiple operations such as inserting, updating, or deleting data. These operations are grouped together as a single unit called a transaction. The purpose of a transaction is to maintain the consistency and integrity of the database.
Explanation:
When a transaction is executed, the changes made to the database are temporarily stored in a transaction log. This log records all the modifications made during the transaction. However, these changes are not immediately applied to the actual database. The 'Commit' command is used to permanently save these changes and make them visible to other users accessing the database.
Importance of Commit:
Committing a transaction is important for several reasons:
1. Data Consistency: By committing a transaction, the changes made to the database are finalized and all related data is updated accordingly. This ensures that the database remains consistent and avoids any conflicting or incorrect information.
2. Data Integrity: Committing a transaction ensures that the changes made are durable and will persist even in the event of a system failure or power outage. It guarantees that the database will be in a consistent state after recovery.
3. Concurrency Control: In a multi-user environment, multiple transactions can be executed concurrently. The 'Commit' command allows one transaction to complete its execution and release any locks it holds on the data, allowing other transactions to access the modified data.
4. Rollback Prevention: Once a transaction is committed, it cannot be rolled back unless a new transaction is executed to undo the changes. Committing a transaction ensures that the changes are permanent and cannot be easily reversed, providing data integrity.
Conclusion:
The 'Commit' command is used to permanently save a transaction into the database, ensuring data consistency, integrity, and durability. It is a crucial step in the transaction process and plays a vital role in maintaining a reliable and accurate database.
The given Query can also be replaced with_______:SELECT name, course_id
FROM instructor, teaches
WHERE instructor_ID= teaches_ID; - a)Select name,course_id from teaches,instructor where instructor_id=course_id;
- b)Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
- c)Select name, course_id from instructor;
- d)Select course_id from instructor join teaches;
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The given Query can also be replaced with_______:
SELECT name, course_id
FROM instructor, teaches
WHERE instructor_ID= teaches_ID;
FROM instructor, teaches
WHERE instructor_ID= teaches_ID;
a)
Select name,course_id from teaches,instructor where instructor_id=course_id;
b)
Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
c)
Select name, course_id from instructor;
d)
Select course_id from instructor join teaches;
|
|
Varun Datta answered |
Explanation:
The given query is:
SELECT name, course_id
FROM instructor, teaches
WHERE instructor_ID = teaches_ID;
This query retrieves the name and course_id from two tables, instructor and teaches, based on the condition that the instructor_ID is equal to the teaches_ID.
The given options are:
a) Select name, course_id from teaches, instructor where instructor_id = course_id;
b) Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
c) Select name, course_id from instructor;
d) Select course_id from instructor join teaches;
Option B: Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
Explanation:
In the given query, "natural join" is used to combine the instructor and teaches tables. It automatically matches the columns with the same names in both tables and returns the result.
The resulting table will contain only the common columns (name and course_id) from both tables. This is why the SELECT statement retrieves only the name and course_id.
Using the natural join eliminates the need to explicitly define the join condition in the WHERE clause. It simplifies the query and makes it easier to read and understand.
Advantages of Option B:
- More concise and readable: Using natural join eliminates the need to explicitly specify the join condition, making the query simpler and easier to understand.
- Automatically matches columns: Natural join matches the columns with the same names in both tables, reducing the chances of errors in specifying the join condition.
- Efficient: By automatically matching the columns, natural join reduces the amount of data that needs to be processed, resulting in better performance.
Conclusion:
Option B is the correct answer as it provides a more concise and efficient way to retrieve the name and course_id from the instructor and teaches tables. The use of natural join simplifies the query and improves readability.
The given query is:
SELECT name, course_id
FROM instructor, teaches
WHERE instructor_ID = teaches_ID;
This query retrieves the name and course_id from two tables, instructor and teaches, based on the condition that the instructor_ID is equal to the teaches_ID.
The given options are:
a) Select name, course_id from teaches, instructor where instructor_id = course_id;
b) Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
c) Select name, course_id from instructor;
d) Select course_id from instructor join teaches;
Option B: Select name, course_id from instructor natural join teaches;
Explanation:
In the given query, "natural join" is used to combine the instructor and teaches tables. It automatically matches the columns with the same names in both tables and returns the result.
The resulting table will contain only the common columns (name and course_id) from both tables. This is why the SELECT statement retrieves only the name and course_id.
Using the natural join eliminates the need to explicitly define the join condition in the WHERE clause. It simplifies the query and makes it easier to read and understand.
Advantages of Option B:
- More concise and readable: Using natural join eliminates the need to explicitly specify the join condition, making the query simpler and easier to understand.
- Automatically matches columns: Natural join matches the columns with the same names in both tables, reducing the chances of errors in specifying the join condition.
- Efficient: By automatically matching the columns, natural join reduces the amount of data that needs to be processed, resulting in better performance.
Conclusion:
Option B is the correct answer as it provides a more concise and efficient way to retrieve the name and course_id from the instructor and teaches tables. The use of natural join simplifies the query and improves readability.
Which of the following command is a type of Data Definition language command?- a)Create
- b)Update
- c)Delete
- d)Merge
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following command is a type of Data Definition language command?
a)
Create
b)
Update
c)
Delete
d)
Merge
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The Data definition language is generally used to maintain or define the structure of the database. For example, creating a table, drop table, alter table. In short, we can say that the command of data definition languages is used to work on the table's schemas inside the database.
Which of the following levels is considered as the level closed to the end-users?- a)Internal Level
- b)External Level
- c)Conceptual Level
- d)Physical Level
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following levels is considered as the level closed to the end-users?
a)
Internal Level
b)
External Level
c)
Conceptual Level
d)
Physical Level
|
Sahana Choudhury answered |
External Level
The level that is considered closest to the end-users is the external level. This level focuses on the user's perspective and provides a simplified and intuitive interface for interacting with the database. It is designed to meet the specific needs and requirements of the end-users, making it more user-friendly and accessible.
Key features of the external level:
- User-focused: The external level is designed to cater to the specific needs and requirements of different types of end-users. It takes into consideration their knowledge, skills, preferences, and tasks to provide a user-friendly interface.
- Simplified view: The external level presents a simplified and intuitive view of the database, abstracting the complex underlying structures and technical details. This allows end-users to interact with the database without having to understand the complexities of the underlying data model.
- Customization: The external level allows for customization and personalization based on the individual user's requirements. It may provide features like customizable forms, reports, and queries, allowing users to define their own views and extracts from the database.
- Language and interface: The external level often provides a high-level language or a graphical user interface (GUI) that simplifies the interaction with the database. This helps users to easily perform tasks such as querying, updating, and retrieving information from the database.
- Security and privacy: The external level may also incorporate security measures to protect sensitive data and ensure privacy. It may include features like user authentication, access control, and encryption to safeguard the database and user information.
Example:
For example, in a banking system, the external level may provide a user-friendly interface for customers to perform tasks such as checking their account balance, making transactions, or generating account statements. The interface may have functionalities like dropdown menus, buttons, and forms that simplify the interaction with the database.
Overall, the external level plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between the complex underlying database structures and the end-users, making it easier for them to interact with and utilize the database effectively.
The level that is considered closest to the end-users is the external level. This level focuses on the user's perspective and provides a simplified and intuitive interface for interacting with the database. It is designed to meet the specific needs and requirements of the end-users, making it more user-friendly and accessible.
Key features of the external level:
- User-focused: The external level is designed to cater to the specific needs and requirements of different types of end-users. It takes into consideration their knowledge, skills, preferences, and tasks to provide a user-friendly interface.
- Simplified view: The external level presents a simplified and intuitive view of the database, abstracting the complex underlying structures and technical details. This allows end-users to interact with the database without having to understand the complexities of the underlying data model.
- Customization: The external level allows for customization and personalization based on the individual user's requirements. It may provide features like customizable forms, reports, and queries, allowing users to define their own views and extracts from the database.
- Language and interface: The external level often provides a high-level language or a graphical user interface (GUI) that simplifies the interaction with the database. This helps users to easily perform tasks such as querying, updating, and retrieving information from the database.
- Security and privacy: The external level may also incorporate security measures to protect sensitive data and ensure privacy. It may include features like user authentication, access control, and encryption to safeguard the database and user information.
Example:
For example, in a banking system, the external level may provide a user-friendly interface for customers to perform tasks such as checking their account balance, making transactions, or generating account statements. The interface may have functionalities like dropdown menus, buttons, and forms that simplify the interaction with the database.
Overall, the external level plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between the complex underlying database structures and the end-users, making it easier for them to interact with and utilize the database effectively.
In general, a file is basically a collection of all related______.- a)Rows & Columns
- b)Fields
- c)Database
- d)Records
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In general, a file is basically a collection of all related______.
a)
Rows & Columns
b)
Fields
c)
Database
d)
Records
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
Whenever we have some related data, information or records, we collect all those related data (or records), put them together, store them in one place, and give that collection a name that is known as a file.
Which one of the following refers to the "data about data"?- a)Directory
- b)Sub Data
- c)Warehouse
- d)Meta Data
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following refers to the "data about data"?
a)
Directory
b)
Sub Data
c)
Warehouse
d)
Meta Data
|
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
The Mata Data refers to the type of data that describes the other data or information.
A general file or document is nothing more than a sequence of bytes that contains information like file name, file size, and date & time when the document was created or modified.
To understand it in more details, consider the following example:
For a common music file, the metadata may include the singer's name, the year it was released, and the lyrics, etc.
A general file or document is nothing more than a sequence of bytes that contains information like file name, file size, and date & time when the document was created or modified.
To understand it in more details, consider the following example:
For a common music file, the metadata may include the singer's name, the year it was released, and the lyrics, etc.
The given Query can be replaced with ____________:
SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary <= 100000 AND salary >= 90000; - a)SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 100000 AND 90000 - b)SELECT name
FROM instructor|
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000; - c)SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000; - d)SELECT name
FROM instructor!
WHERE salary <= 90000 AND salary>=100000;
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The given Query can be replaced with ____________:
SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary <= 100000 AND salary >= 90000;
SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary <= 100000 AND salary >= 90000;
a)
SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 100000 AND 90000
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 100000 AND 90000
b)
SELECT name
FROM instructor|
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000;
FROM instructor|
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000;
c)
SELECT name
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000;
FROM instructor1
WHERE salary BETWEEN 90000 AND 100000;
d)
SELECT name
FROM instructor!
WHERE salary <= 90000 AND salary>=100000;
FROM instructor!
WHERE salary <= 90000 AND salary>=100000;
|
|
Hrishikesh Chauhan answered |
The given Query can be replaced with:
SELECT name FROM instructor1 WHERE salary = [desired salary]
SELECT name FROM instructor1 WHERE salary = [desired salary]
The architecture of a database can be viewed as the ________- a)One level
- b)Two-level
- c)Three-level
- d)Four level
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The architecture of a database can be viewed as the ________
a)
One level
b)
Two-level
c)
Three-level
d)
Four level
|
|
Abhay Sharma answered |
Three-level
- The architecture of a database refers to the overall structure and organization of the database system. It determines how the data is stored, accessed, and managed within the system. The architecture can be viewed as a hierarchy of different levels.
- The three-level architecture, also known as the ANSI-SPARC architecture, is a widely used approach to database design. It divides the database system into three distinct levels, each serving a specific purpose.
- The three levels of database architecture are:
1. External Level:
- The external level is the highest level of abstraction and is concerned with the views or representations of the data that are relevant to individual users or groups of users.
- It allows different users to have different views of the data, depending on their specific requirements.
- Users at this level interact with the database through various applications or tools and define their own logical schemas or views.
2. Conceptual Level:
- The conceptual level represents the overall logical structure of the entire database.
- It provides an integrated view of the data and hides the physical details of storage and implementation from the users.
- The conceptual schema defines the entities, relationships, and constraints that exist in the database.
- It serves as a blueprint for the database design and is independent of any specific implementation technology.
3. Internal Level:
- The internal level is the lowest level of abstraction and deals with the physical storage and representation of the data.
- It describes how the data is actually stored on the storage media, such as disks or tapes.
- The internal schema defines the record formats, file organization, indexing techniques, and other physical implementation details.
- It is responsible for translating the logical view into the physical representation of the data.
- The three-level architecture provides a clear separation between the different aspects of the database system, allowing for flexibility, scalability, and independence between the user applications and the physical storage. It also helps in maintaining data integrity, security, and efficient data retrieval and manipulation.
- The architecture of a database refers to the overall structure and organization of the database system. It determines how the data is stored, accessed, and managed within the system. The architecture can be viewed as a hierarchy of different levels.
- The three-level architecture, also known as the ANSI-SPARC architecture, is a widely used approach to database design. It divides the database system into three distinct levels, each serving a specific purpose.
- The three levels of database architecture are:
1. External Level:
- The external level is the highest level of abstraction and is concerned with the views or representations of the data that are relevant to individual users or groups of users.
- It allows different users to have different views of the data, depending on their specific requirements.
- Users at this level interact with the database through various applications or tools and define their own logical schemas or views.
2. Conceptual Level:
- The conceptual level represents the overall logical structure of the entire database.
- It provides an integrated view of the data and hides the physical details of storage and implementation from the users.
- The conceptual schema defines the entities, relationships, and constraints that exist in the database.
- It serves as a blueprint for the database design and is independent of any specific implementation technology.
3. Internal Level:
- The internal level is the lowest level of abstraction and deals with the physical storage and representation of the data.
- It describes how the data is actually stored on the storage media, such as disks or tapes.
- The internal schema defines the record formats, file organization, indexing techniques, and other physical implementation details.
- It is responsible for translating the logical view into the physical representation of the data.
- The three-level architecture provides a clear separation between the different aspects of the database system, allowing for flexibility, scalability, and independence between the user applications and the physical storage. It also helps in maintaining data integrity, security, and efficient data retrieval and manipulation.
A huge collection of the information or data accumulated form several different sources is known as ________:- a)Data Management
- b)Data Mining
- c)Data Warehouse
- d)Both B and C
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A huge collection of the information or data accumulated form several different sources is known as ________:
a)
Data Management
b)
Data Mining
c)
Data Warehouse
d)
Both B and C
|
Preethi Sen answered |
Data Warehouse:
- A data warehouse is a huge collection of data that is accumulated from several different sources. It is a central repository of integrated data that allows organizations to store, manage, and analyze large amounts of data from various sources.
- The main purpose of a data warehouse is to provide a consolidated view of data that can be used for reporting, analysis, and decision-making.
- Data warehouses are designed to support the efficient retrieval and analysis of data, making it easier for organizations to gain insights and make informed decisions.
- Data warehouses typically contain historical data, which is stored in a structured and organized manner. This allows users to analyze trends and patterns over time.
- The data in a data warehouse is often cleaned, transformed, and integrated to ensure consistency and accuracy. This process, known as ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a common format, and loading it into the data warehouse.
- Data warehouses are typically used by businesses and organizations that have large amounts of data and need to analyze it for various purposes, such as business intelligence, reporting, and decision support.
- Data warehouses are different from operational databases, which are designed for transactional processing and day-to-day operations. Data warehouses are optimized for analytical processing and provide a separate environment for data analysis.
- By consolidating data from different sources into a single data warehouse, organizations can eliminate data silos and gain a holistic view of their data. This enables them to make better-informed decisions and improve overall business performance.
- A data warehouse is a huge collection of data that is accumulated from several different sources. It is a central repository of integrated data that allows organizations to store, manage, and analyze large amounts of data from various sources.
- The main purpose of a data warehouse is to provide a consolidated view of data that can be used for reporting, analysis, and decision-making.
- Data warehouses are designed to support the efficient retrieval and analysis of data, making it easier for organizations to gain insights and make informed decisions.
- Data warehouses typically contain historical data, which is stored in a structured and organized manner. This allows users to analyze trends and patterns over time.
- The data in a data warehouse is often cleaned, transformed, and integrated to ensure consistency and accuracy. This process, known as ETL (Extract, Transform, Load), involves extracting data from various sources, transforming it into a common format, and loading it into the data warehouse.
- Data warehouses are typically used by businesses and organizations that have large amounts of data and need to analyze it for various purposes, such as business intelligence, reporting, and decision support.
- Data warehouses are different from operational databases, which are designed for transactional processing and day-to-day operations. Data warehouses are optimized for analytical processing and provide a separate environment for data analysis.
- By consolidating data from different sources into a single data warehouse, organizations can eliminate data silos and gain a holistic view of their data. This enables them to make better-informed decisions and improve overall business performance.
Which of the following is generally used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations, deleting relation?- a)DML(Data Manipulation Language)
- b)Query
- c)Relational Schema
- d)DDL(Data Definition Language)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is generally used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations, deleting relation?
a)
DML(Data Manipulation Language)
b)
Query
c)
Relational Schema
d)
DDL(Data Definition Language)
|
Divya Mishra answered |
DDL (Data Definition Language) is generally used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations and deleting relations.
Explanation:
DDL (Data Definition Language) is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that is used to define the structure of a database. It includes commands that are used to create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and schemas.
DDL is primarily used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations and deleting relations. Let's discuss each of these tasks in detail:
1. Creating the Structure of the Relations: DDL commands are used to create tables in a database. The CREATE TABLE command is used to define the structure of a table, including the column names, data types, constraints, and relationships with other tables. By using DDL, you can define the primary key, foreign key, unique key, and other constraints on the table. This helps in organizing and structuring the data in a database.
2. Deleting Relations: DDL commands are also used to delete relations or tables from a database. The DROP TABLE command is used to delete a table and all its associated data from the database. This is useful when you no longer need a particular table or want to remove unnecessary data from the database.
Advantages of using DDL:
- DDL provides a standardized way to define the structure of a database.
- It allows easy creation and modification of database objects.
- DDL commands are efficient and optimized for managing the structure of a database.
- It helps in maintaining the integrity and consistency of the data in a database.
In conclusion, DDL (Data Definition Language) is generally used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations and deleting relations. It provides a set of commands that help in defining, modifying, and deleting database objects.
Explanation:
DDL (Data Definition Language) is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) that is used to define the structure of a database. It includes commands that are used to create, modify, and delete database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and schemas.
DDL is primarily used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations and deleting relations. Let's discuss each of these tasks in detail:
1. Creating the Structure of the Relations: DDL commands are used to create tables in a database. The CREATE TABLE command is used to define the structure of a table, including the column names, data types, constraints, and relationships with other tables. By using DDL, you can define the primary key, foreign key, unique key, and other constraints on the table. This helps in organizing and structuring the data in a database.
2. Deleting Relations: DDL commands are also used to delete relations or tables from a database. The DROP TABLE command is used to delete a table and all its associated data from the database. This is useful when you no longer need a particular table or want to remove unnecessary data from the database.
Advantages of using DDL:
- DDL provides a standardized way to define the structure of a database.
- It allows easy creation and modification of database objects.
- DDL commands are efficient and optimized for managing the structure of a database.
- It helps in maintaining the integrity and consistency of the data in a database.
In conclusion, DDL (Data Definition Language) is generally used for performing tasks like creating the structure of the relations and deleting relations. It provides a set of commands that help in defining, modifying, and deleting database objects.
Which of the following is a top-down approach in which the entity's higher level can be divided into two lower sub-entities?- a)Aggregation
- b)Generalization
- c)Specialization
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is a top-down approach in which the entity's higher level can be divided into two lower sub-entities?
a)
Aggregation
b)
Generalization
c)
Specialization
d)
All of the above
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
In specialization, the top-down approach is used, and it is apposite to the generalization.
In the specialization, the higher-level entity can be divided into sub lower entities. It is generally used for identifying the subset of an entity set which share the distinguishing characteristics.
To understand it more clearly, consider the following example:
Suppose you have an entity, e.g., A vehicle. So through the specialization, you can be divided further into sub-entities like two-wheelers and four-wheelers. Therefore the correct answer is C.
In the specialization, the higher-level entity can be divided into sub lower entities. It is generally used for identifying the subset of an entity set which share the distinguishing characteristics.
To understand it more clearly, consider the following example:
Suppose you have an entity, e.g., A vehicle. So through the specialization, you can be divided further into sub-entities like two-wheelers and four-wheelers. Therefore the correct answer is C.
Which one of the following command is used to delete the existing row in a table?- a)Delete
- b)Update
- c)Insert
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following command is used to delete the existing row in a table?
a)
Delete
b)
Update
c)
Insert
d)
None of the above
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
To delete an existing row in a table the generally, the "delete" command is used. The "delete" command is one of the commands that belong to the Data manipulation language.
Which one of the following commands is used to restore the database to the last committed state?- a)Savepoint
- b)Rollback
- c)Commit
- d)Both A & B
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following commands is used to restore the database to the last committed state?
a)
Savepoint
b)
Rollback
c)
Commit
d)
Both A & B
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
As we all know that while working with the Transactions, the Transaction Control Language is used. To restore the database to the last committed state ( or to undo the latest changes), the "rollback" command is used that belongs to the Transaction Control Language.
Which of the following refers to the level of data abstraction that describes exactly how the data actually stored?- a)Conceptual Level
- b)Physical Level
- c)File Level
- d)Logical Level
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following refers to the level of data abstraction that describes exactly how the data actually stored?
a)
Conceptual Level
b)
Physical Level
c)
File Level
d)
Logical Level
|
|
Abhay Sharma answered |
Physical Level
The physical level refers to the lowest level of data abstraction in a database system. It describes exactly how the data is actually stored in the physical storage media, such as hard disks or memory.
Explanation:
Databases are designed to store and manage large amounts of data efficiently. To achieve this, data is organized and stored at different levels of abstraction. Each level provides a different perspective and understanding of the data.
Conceptual Level:
The conceptual level is the highest level of abstraction in a database system. It focuses on the overall organization and structure of the database. At this level, the emphasis is on understanding the relationships between different entities and their attributes. The conceptual level is independent of any specific database management system (DBMS) and is often represented using entity-relationship diagrams.
Logical Level:
The logical level is the next level of abstraction below the conceptual level. It describes the database in terms of the specific data model used by the DBMS. It defines the structure of the database, including tables, columns, and relationships, and provides a logical view of the data. The logical level is closely tied to the DBMS and is used to define the schema or structure of the database.
Physical Level:
The physical level is the lowest level of abstraction. It deals with the actual storage and retrieval of data from the physical storage media. It describes how the data is stored on the disk or in memory, including details such as file organization, indexing techniques, and access methods. The physical level is concerned with the efficient use of storage resources and optimizing the performance of data retrieval operations.
File Level:
The file level is a term often used in the context of file systems rather than databases. It refers to the organization and management of files within a file system, including file naming, directory structure, and access permissions. While files are also used in databases to store data, the file level is not directly related to the levels of data abstraction in a database system.
In summary, the physical level of data abstraction in a database system describes exactly how the data is stored in the physical storage media. It focuses on the efficient use of storage resources and the optimization of data retrieval operations.
The physical level refers to the lowest level of data abstraction in a database system. It describes exactly how the data is actually stored in the physical storage media, such as hard disks or memory.
Explanation:
Databases are designed to store and manage large amounts of data efficiently. To achieve this, data is organized and stored at different levels of abstraction. Each level provides a different perspective and understanding of the data.
Conceptual Level:
The conceptual level is the highest level of abstraction in a database system. It focuses on the overall organization and structure of the database. At this level, the emphasis is on understanding the relationships between different entities and their attributes. The conceptual level is independent of any specific database management system (DBMS) and is often represented using entity-relationship diagrams.
Logical Level:
The logical level is the next level of abstraction below the conceptual level. It describes the database in terms of the specific data model used by the DBMS. It defines the structure of the database, including tables, columns, and relationships, and provides a logical view of the data. The logical level is closely tied to the DBMS and is used to define the schema or structure of the database.
Physical Level:
The physical level is the lowest level of abstraction. It deals with the actual storage and retrieval of data from the physical storage media. It describes how the data is stored on the disk or in memory, including details such as file organization, indexing techniques, and access methods. The physical level is concerned with the efficient use of storage resources and optimizing the performance of data retrieval operations.
File Level:
The file level is a term often used in the context of file systems rather than databases. It refers to the organization and management of files within a file system, including file naming, directory structure, and access permissions. While files are also used in databases to store data, the file level is not directly related to the levels of data abstraction in a database system.
In summary, the physical level of data abstraction in a database system describes exactly how the data is stored in the physical storage media. It focuses on the efficient use of storage resources and the optimization of data retrieval operations.
A Database Management System is a type of _________software.- a)It is a type of system software
- b)It is a kind of application software
- c)It is a kind of general software
- d)Both A and C
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
A Database Management System is a type of _________software.
a)
It is a type of system software
b)
It is a kind of application software
c)
It is a kind of general software
d)
Both A and C
|
Aditya Choudhary answered |
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a type of system software.
Which of the following refers collection of the information stored in a database at a specific time?- a)Independence
- b)Instance of the database
- c)Schema
- d)Data domain
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following refers collection of the information stored in a database at a specific time?
a)
Independence
b)
Instance of the database
c)
Schema
d)
Data domain
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
The collection of data (or information) stored in a database at a particular moment is known as the instance of the database. Therefore the correct answer is B.
The term "NTFS" refers to which one of the following?- a)New Technology File System
- b)New Tree File System
- c)New Table type File System
- d)Both A and C
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "NTFS" refers to which one of the following?
a)
New Technology File System
b)
New Tree File System
c)
New Table type File System
d)
Both A and C
|
|
Anisha Chopra answered |
"term" can have multiple meanings depending on the context in which it is used. Here are a few possible meanings:
1. In linguistics: A term refers to a single word or a group of words that has a specific meaning or refers to a particular concept.
2. In mathematics: A term refers to a single element or an individual component of an equation or an expression.
3. In education: A term refers to a fixed period of time during which classes are conducted, such as a semester or a school year.
4. In law: A term refers to the conditions or stipulations of a contract or agreement.
5. In computing: A term refers to a specific command, keyword, or set of instructions used in programming or computer science.
These are just a few examples of how the term "term" can be used. The exact meaning may vary depending on the specific field or context.
1. In linguistics: A term refers to a single word or a group of words that has a specific meaning or refers to a particular concept.
2. In mathematics: A term refers to a single element or an individual component of an equation or an expression.
3. In education: A term refers to a fixed period of time during which classes are conducted, such as a semester or a school year.
4. In law: A term refers to the conditions or stipulations of a contract or agreement.
5. In computing: A term refers to a specific command, keyword, or set of instructions used in programming or computer science.
These are just a few examples of how the term "term" can be used. The exact meaning may vary depending on the specific field or context.
In the relation model, the relation are generally termed as ________- a)Tuples
- b)Attributes
- c)Rows
- d)Tables
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
In the relation model, the relation are generally termed as ________
a)
Tuples
b)
Attributes
c)
Rows
d)
Tables
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
In the relation model, the relations are also referred to as the tables because the relations are considered as the technical name of the table. So the correct answer is D.
The term "Data" refers to:- a)The electronic representation of the information( or data)
- b)Basic information
- c)Row Facts and figures
- d)Both A and C
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "Data" refers to:
a)
The electronic representation of the information( or data)
b)
Basic information
c)
Row Facts and figures
d)
Both A and C
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
In general, the term "data" refers to the row facts and figure, whereas the information referred to as the data, which is really important for someone or a particular person. Therefore the correct answer is C.
Which one of the following refers to the copies of the same data (or information) occupying the memory space at multiple places.- a)Data Repository
- b)Data Inconsistency
- c)Data Mining
- d)Data Redundancy
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following refers to the copies of the same data (or information) occupying the memory space at multiple places.
a)
Data Repository
b)
Data Inconsistency
c)
Data Mining
d)
Data Redundancy
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The data redundancy generally occurs whenever more than one copy of the exact same data exists in several different places. Sometimes it may cause data inconsistency, which can result in an unreliable source of data or information that is not good for anyone.
In the following Query, which of the following can be placed in the Query's blank portion to display the salary from highest to lowest amount, and sorting the employs name alphabetically?SELECT *
FROM instructor
ORDER BY salary ____, name ___; - a)Ascending, Descending
- b)Asc, Desc
- c)Desc, Asc
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the following Query, which of the following can be placed in the Query's blank portion to display the salary from highest to lowest amount, and sorting the employs name alphabetically?
SELECT *
FROM instructor
ORDER BY salary ____, name ___;
FROM instructor
ORDER BY salary ____, name ___;
a)
Ascending, Descending
b)
Asc, Desc
c)
Desc, Asc
d)
All of the above
|
|
Kavya Khanna answered |
Explanation:
To display the salary from highest to lowest amount and sort the employees' names alphabetically, we need to use the SQL ORDER BY clause. The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set based on one or more columns.
Query:
SELECT * FROM instructor ORDER BY salary _____, name _____;
Options:
a) Ascending, Descending
b) Asc, Desc
c) Desc, Asc
d) All of the above
Analysis of options:
a) Ascending, Descending: This option specifies sorting the columns in ascending order for the first column and descending order for the second column.
b) Asc, Desc: This option specifies sorting the columns in ascending order for the first column and descending order for the second column.
c) Desc, Asc: This option specifies sorting the columns in descending order for the first column and ascending order for the second column.
d) All of the above: This option includes both a) and b) options which specify sorting in both ascending and descending order for different columns.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c) Desc, Asc.
Reasoning:
Since we want to display the salary from the highest amount to the lowest amount, we need to sort the "salary" column in descending order. This can be achieved by using "DESC" (short for descending) in the ORDER BY clause for the "salary" column.
Additionally, we also want to sort the employees' names alphabetically. To achieve this, we need to sort the "name" column in ascending order. This can be achieved by using "ASC" (short for ascending) in the ORDER BY clause for the "name" column.
Therefore, the correct ORDER BY clause to achieve the desired result is:
ORDER BY salary DESC, name ASC.
This will display the records in the following order:
1. The records will be sorted based on the salary column in descending order (highest to lowest).
2. If there are multiple records with the same salary, those records will be further sorted based on the name column in ascending order (A-Z).
To display the salary from highest to lowest amount and sort the employees' names alphabetically, we need to use the SQL ORDER BY clause. The ORDER BY clause is used to sort the result set based on one or more columns.
Query:
SELECT * FROM instructor ORDER BY salary _____, name _____;
Options:
a) Ascending, Descending
b) Asc, Desc
c) Desc, Asc
d) All of the above
Analysis of options:
a) Ascending, Descending: This option specifies sorting the columns in ascending order for the first column and descending order for the second column.
b) Asc, Desc: This option specifies sorting the columns in ascending order for the first column and descending order for the second column.
c) Desc, Asc: This option specifies sorting the columns in descending order for the first column and ascending order for the second column.
d) All of the above: This option includes both a) and b) options which specify sorting in both ascending and descending order for different columns.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c) Desc, Asc.
Reasoning:
Since we want to display the salary from the highest amount to the lowest amount, we need to sort the "salary" column in descending order. This can be achieved by using "DESC" (short for descending) in the ORDER BY clause for the "salary" column.
Additionally, we also want to sort the employees' names alphabetically. To achieve this, we need to sort the "name" column in ascending order. This can be achieved by using "ASC" (short for ascending) in the ORDER BY clause for the "name" column.
Therefore, the correct ORDER BY clause to achieve the desired result is:
ORDER BY salary DESC, name ASC.
This will display the records in the following order:
1. The records will be sorted based on the salary column in descending order (highest to lowest).
2. If there are multiple records with the same salary, those records will be further sorted based on the name column in ascending order (A-Z).
The term "Data independence" refers to____- a)Data is defined separately and not included in the programs
- b)Programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of the data
- c)Programs are not dependent on the physical attributes of the data
- d)Both B & C
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "Data independence" refers to____
a)
Data is defined separately and not included in the programs
b)
Programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of the data
c)
Programs are not dependent on the physical attributes of the data
d)
Both B & C
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
The term "Data independence" refers that the program should not be dependent on either the logical attributes of data or physical attributes of data.
Rows of a relation are known as the _______.
- a)Degree
- b)All of the above
- c)Entity
- d)Tuples
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Rows of a relation are known as the _______.
a)
Degree
b)
All of the above
c)
Entity
d)
Tuples
|
|
Sarthak Banerjee answered |
Rows of a relation are known as the Tuples.
Rows of a relation in a database are known as tuples. A tuple is a collection of attributes or fields that represents a single record in a table. Each tuple contains a unique combination of attribute values, which represents a specific instance or entity in the database.
What is a relation?
In the context of databases, a relation refers to a table that consists of rows and columns. A relation represents a specific entity or concept in the real world, and each row in the relation represents a unique instance or occurrence of that entity. For example, a relation can represent a customer table, where each row represents a unique customer.
What are tuples?
Tuples are the rows of a relation. Each tuple contains a set of attribute values that correspond to the columns or attributes of the relation. For example, in a customer table, each tuple represents a specific customer and contains attribute values such as customer ID, name, address, and phone number.
What are attributes?
Attributes are the columns or fields of a relation. Each attribute represents a specific characteristic or property of the entity being represented by the relation. In the customer table example, attributes could include customer ID, name, address, and phone number.
Why are tuples important?
Tuples are important because they allow us to represent and manipulate data in a structured and organized manner. By organizing data into tuples, we can easily retrieve, update, and analyze specific instances or entities within a database. Tuples also provide a way to establish relationships between different tables or relations in a database.
Summary:
In a database, rows of a relation are known as tuples. Tuples represent unique instances or occurrences of an entity and contain a set of attribute values that correspond to the columns or attributes of the relation. By organizing data into tuples, we can easily manage and manipulate data within a database.
Rows of a relation in a database are known as tuples. A tuple is a collection of attributes or fields that represents a single record in a table. Each tuple contains a unique combination of attribute values, which represents a specific instance or entity in the database.
What is a relation?
In the context of databases, a relation refers to a table that consists of rows and columns. A relation represents a specific entity or concept in the real world, and each row in the relation represents a unique instance or occurrence of that entity. For example, a relation can represent a customer table, where each row represents a unique customer.
What are tuples?
Tuples are the rows of a relation. Each tuple contains a set of attribute values that correspond to the columns or attributes of the relation. For example, in a customer table, each tuple represents a specific customer and contains attribute values such as customer ID, name, address, and phone number.
What are attributes?
Attributes are the columns or fields of a relation. Each attribute represents a specific characteristic or property of the entity being represented by the relation. In the customer table example, attributes could include customer ID, name, address, and phone number.
Why are tuples important?
Tuples are important because they allow us to represent and manipulate data in a structured and organized manner. By organizing data into tuples, we can easily retrieve, update, and analyze specific instances or entities within a database. Tuples also provide a way to establish relationships between different tables or relations in a database.
Summary:
In a database, rows of a relation are known as tuples. Tuples represent unique instances or occurrences of an entity and contain a set of attribute values that correspond to the columns or attributes of the relation. By organizing data into tuples, we can easily manage and manipulate data within a database.
The Database Management Query language is generally designed for the _____- a)Support end-users who use English like commands
- b)Specifying the structure of the database
- c)Support in the development of the complex applications software
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The Database Management Query language is generally designed for the _____
a)
Support end-users who use English like commands
b)
Specifying the structure of the database
c)
Support in the development of the complex applications software
d)
All of the above
|
Aniket Khanna answered |
Introduction:
The Database Management Query Language (DMQL) is a specialized language used to interact with databases. It allows users to retrieve, manipulate, and manage data stored in a database system. DMQL is designed to support various tasks related to database management.
Supporting end-users:
One of the main purposes of DMQL is to support end-users who may not have technical knowledge or expertise in database systems. DMQL provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with the database using English-like commands. This allows users to easily query the database, retrieve specific data, and perform various operations without the need for complex programming or technical skills.
Specifying the structure of the database:
DMQL also plays a crucial role in specifying the structure of the database. It allows users to define the schema, tables, relationships, and constraints of the database. By using DMQL, users can create, modify, and delete database objects, such as tables, indexes, views, and triggers. This helps in organizing and structuring the data in a way that is efficient and meaningful for the specific application or system.
Support in the development of complex applications:
DMQL provides support in the development of complex application software. It allows developers to write queries and statements to retrieve, manipulate, and update data as required by the application. DMQL provides a set of commands and syntax that developers can use to interact with the database system. This enables them to build and implement sophisticated data-driven applications that require efficient data storage, retrieval, and management.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Database Management Query Language (DMQL) is designed to support end-users who use English-like commands to interact with the database. It also helps in specifying the structure of the database and supports the development of complex application software. DMQL plays a crucial role in managing and manipulating data in database systems, making it an essential tool in the field of database management.
The Database Management Query Language (DMQL) is a specialized language used to interact with databases. It allows users to retrieve, manipulate, and manage data stored in a database system. DMQL is designed to support various tasks related to database management.
Supporting end-users:
One of the main purposes of DMQL is to support end-users who may not have technical knowledge or expertise in database systems. DMQL provides a user-friendly interface that allows users to interact with the database using English-like commands. This allows users to easily query the database, retrieve specific data, and perform various operations without the need for complex programming or technical skills.
Specifying the structure of the database:
DMQL also plays a crucial role in specifying the structure of the database. It allows users to define the schema, tables, relationships, and constraints of the database. By using DMQL, users can create, modify, and delete database objects, such as tables, indexes, views, and triggers. This helps in organizing and structuring the data in a way that is efficient and meaningful for the specific application or system.
Support in the development of complex applications:
DMQL provides support in the development of complex application software. It allows developers to write queries and statements to retrieve, manipulate, and update data as required by the application. DMQL provides a set of commands and syntax that developers can use to interact with the database system. This enables them to build and implement sophisticated data-driven applications that require efficient data storage, retrieval, and management.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Database Management Query Language (DMQL) is designed to support end-users who use English-like commands to interact with the database. It also helps in specifying the structure of the database and supports the development of complex application software. DMQL plays a crucial role in managing and manipulating data in database systems, making it an essential tool in the field of database management.
What do you mean by one to many relationships?- a)One class may have many teachers
- b)One teacher can have many classes
- c)Many classes may have many teachers
- d)Many teachers may have many classes
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What do you mean by one to many relationships?
a)
One class may have many teachers
b)
One teacher can have many classes
c)
Many classes may have many teachers
d)
Many teachers may have many classes
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
We can understand the "one to many" relationship as a teacher who may have more than one class to attend.
Which of the following refers to the number of tuples in a relation?- a)Entity
- b)Column
- c)Cardinality
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following refers to the number of tuples in a relation?
a)
Entity
b)
Column
c)
Cardinality
d)
None of the above
|
|
Gaurav Kumar answered |
Cardinality refers to the number of tuples of relation because cardinality represents the number of tuples in a relation.
To understand it in more detail, consider the following given example:
Suppose we have a relation (or table) that contains 30 tuples (or Rows) and four columns, so the cardinality of our relation will be 30.
To understand it in more detail, consider the following given example:
Suppose we have a relation (or table) that contains 30 tuples (or Rows) and four columns, so the cardinality of our relation will be 30.
Which of the following can be considered as the maximum size that is supported by FAT?- a)8GB
- b)4GB
- c)4TB
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following can be considered as the maximum size that is supported by FAT?
a)
8GB
b)
4GB
c)
4TB
d)
None of the above
|
|
Anaya Patel answered |
The files with a size of less than 4 GB or equal to 4GB are easily supported by the FAT. All files with a size greater than the maximum size (or is 4Gb) are not supported by the FAT.
Which of the following refers to the number of attributes in a relation?- a)Degree
- b)Row
- c)Column
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following refers to the number of attributes in a relation?
a)
Degree
b)
Row
c)
Column
d)
All of the above
|
Aryan Chavan answered |
The Number of Attributes in a Relation
Explanation:
In the context of relational databases, a relation refers to a table that consists of rows and columns. Each row represents a record or a tuple, and each column represents an attribute or a field. The number of attributes in a relation refers to the total number of columns present in the table.
Definition of Degree:
Degree is a term used in database management systems to describe the number of attributes or columns in a relation. It represents the total number of fields or properties that a relation has. In other words, the degree of a relation indicates the number of columns or attributes present in the table.
Relation to the Given Options:
Among the given options, the correct answer is option 'A' - Degree. The degree of a relation refers to the number of attributes in that relation. Therefore, option 'A' is the most appropriate choice.
Other Options:
- Option 'B' - Row: This refers to a single record or tuple in a relation. The number of rows does not indicate the number of attributes.
- Option 'C' - Column: This refers to an attribute or field in a relation. While it is related to the number of attributes, it does not specifically represent the total count of attributes.
- Option 'D' - All of the above: This option is incorrect as it includes options 'B' and 'C', which do not accurately represent the number of attributes in a relation.
Conclusion:
The correct answer to the question is option 'A' - Degree. It specifically represents the number of attributes or columns in a relation, accurately reflecting the total count of fields or properties in the table.
Explanation:
In the context of relational databases, a relation refers to a table that consists of rows and columns. Each row represents a record or a tuple, and each column represents an attribute or a field. The number of attributes in a relation refers to the total number of columns present in the table.
Definition of Degree:
Degree is a term used in database management systems to describe the number of attributes or columns in a relation. It represents the total number of fields or properties that a relation has. In other words, the degree of a relation indicates the number of columns or attributes present in the table.
Relation to the Given Options:
Among the given options, the correct answer is option 'A' - Degree. The degree of a relation refers to the number of attributes in that relation. Therefore, option 'A' is the most appropriate choice.
Other Options:
- Option 'B' - Row: This refers to a single record or tuple in a relation. The number of rows does not indicate the number of attributes.
- Option 'C' - Column: This refers to an attribute or field in a relation. While it is related to the number of attributes, it does not specifically represent the total count of attributes.
- Option 'D' - All of the above: This option is incorrect as it includes options 'B' and 'C', which do not accurately represent the number of attributes in a relation.
Conclusion:
The correct answer to the question is option 'A' - Degree. It specifically represents the number of attributes or columns in a relation, accurately reflecting the total count of fields or properties in the table.
Which of the following provides the ability to query information from the database and insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database?- a)DML(Data Manipulation Language)
- b)DDL(Data Definition Language)
- c)Query
- d)Relational Schema
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following provides the ability to query information from the database and insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database?
a)
DML(Data Manipulation Language)
b)
DDL(Data Definition Language)
c)
Query
d)
Relational Schema
|
|
Anaya Patel answered |
The term "DML" stands for the Data Manipulation Language used to perform the required changes in the relation's values.
For what purpose the DML is provided?- a)Addition of new structure in the database
- b)Manipulation & processing of the database
- c)Definition of the physical structure of the database system
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
For what purpose the DML is provided?
a)
Addition of new structure in the database
b)
Manipulation & processing of the database
c)
Definition of the physical structure of the database system
d)
All of the above
|
|
Anaya Patel answered |
The term "DML" refers to the data manipulation language, which is commonly used to perform basic operations such as insert data, delete, and update data in a database. So the correct answer will be B.
What is the relation calculus?- a)It is a kind of procedural language
- b)It is a non-procedural language
- c)It is a high-level language
- d)It is Data Definition language
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the relation calculus?
a)
It is a kind of procedural language
b)
It is a non-procedural language
c)
It is a high-level language
d)
It is Data Definition language
|
|
Anaya Patel answered |
In database management systems, relation calculus is a type of non-procedural query language that describes what data needs to be retrieved. However, it does not explain how to retrieve the data.
The term "DFD" stands for?- a)Data file diagram
- b)Data flow document
- c)Data flow diagram
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "DFD" stands for?
a)
Data file diagram
b)
Data flow document
c)
Data flow diagram
d)
None of the above
|
|
Sounak Nambiar answered |
Explanation:
Data Flow Diagram (DFD):
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data within an information system. It is a structured analysis and design method that is used to model the flow of data through a system.
Key Points:
- DFDs are commonly used in software engineering to visualize the flow of data within a system.
- They show how data moves from one process to another, how it is stored, and how it is processed.
- DFDs consist of processes, data stores, data flows, and external entities.
- Processes represent the functions or transformations that are performed on the data.
- Data stores represent where data is stored within the system.
- Data flows represent the movement of data between processes and data stores.
- External entities represent the sources or destinations of data outside the system.
Importance of DFDs:
- DFDs help in understanding the system's data flow and can aid in identifying areas for improvement.
- They provide a visual representation of the system, making it easier to communicate with stakeholders.
- DFDs can help in identifying errors or inefficiencies in the system's data flow.
In conclusion, Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) are an essential tool in software engineering for visualizing the flow of data within a system. They help in understanding how data moves through the system and are crucial for system analysis and design.
Data Flow Diagram (DFD):
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data within an information system. It is a structured analysis and design method that is used to model the flow of data through a system.
Key Points:
- DFDs are commonly used in software engineering to visualize the flow of data within a system.
- They show how data moves from one process to another, how it is stored, and how it is processed.
- DFDs consist of processes, data stores, data flows, and external entities.
- Processes represent the functions or transformations that are performed on the data.
- Data stores represent where data is stored within the system.
- Data flows represent the movement of data between processes and data stores.
- External entities represent the sources or destinations of data outside the system.
Importance of DFDs:
- DFDs help in understanding the system's data flow and can aid in identifying areas for improvement.
- They provide a visual representation of the system, making it easier to communicate with stakeholders.
- DFDs can help in identifying errors or inefficiencies in the system's data flow.
In conclusion, Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) are an essential tool in software engineering for visualizing the flow of data within a system. They help in understanding how data moves through the system and are crucial for system analysis and design.
Which one of the following is a type of Data Manipulation Command?- a)Create
- b)Alter
- c)Delete
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is a type of Data Manipulation Command?
a)
Create
b)
Alter
c)
Delete
d)
All of the above
|
|
Charvi Sharma answered |
Data Manipulation Commands are used to manipulate and modify the data stored in a database. They allow users to perform various operations such as inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data. Among the given options, the correct answer is option 'C' - Delete.
Deletion is a type of Data Manipulation Command that allows users to remove specific rows or records from a database table. It is commonly used to remove outdated, duplicate, or irrelevant data from the database. The DELETE command is used to perform this operation.
Below is a detailed explanation of the given options and their relevance to Data Manipulation Commands:
a) Create:
The CREATE command is not a Data Manipulation Command but a Data Definition Language (DDL) command. It is used to create database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and procedures. The CREATE command does not manipulate or modify existing data; instead, it is used to define the structure and properties of the database.
b) Alter:
The ALTER command is also a Data Definition Language (DDL) command and not a Data Manipulation Command. It is used to modify the structure or properties of an existing database object. For example, the ALTER TABLE command is used to add, modify, or delete columns in a table. The ALTER command does not directly manipulate the data stored in the database.
c) Delete:
The DELETE command is a Data Manipulation Command that allows users to remove specific rows or records from a database table. It is used to delete unwanted or outdated data from the database. The DELETE command can be used with or without conditions to delete either all rows or specific rows based on certain criteria.
In conclusion, among the given options, the only type of Data Manipulation Command is option 'C' - Delete. The CREATE and ALTER commands are Data Definition Language (DDL) commands used for creating and modifying the structure of the database objects, respectively.
Deletion is a type of Data Manipulation Command that allows users to remove specific rows or records from a database table. It is commonly used to remove outdated, duplicate, or irrelevant data from the database. The DELETE command is used to perform this operation.
Below is a detailed explanation of the given options and their relevance to Data Manipulation Commands:
a) Create:
The CREATE command is not a Data Manipulation Command but a Data Definition Language (DDL) command. It is used to create database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and procedures. The CREATE command does not manipulate or modify existing data; instead, it is used to define the structure and properties of the database.
b) Alter:
The ALTER command is also a Data Definition Language (DDL) command and not a Data Manipulation Command. It is used to modify the structure or properties of an existing database object. For example, the ALTER TABLE command is used to add, modify, or delete columns in a table. The ALTER command does not directly manipulate the data stored in the database.
c) Delete:
The DELETE command is a Data Manipulation Command that allows users to remove specific rows or records from a database table. It is used to delete unwanted or outdated data from the database. The DELETE command can be used with or without conditions to delete either all rows or specific rows based on certain criteria.
In conclusion, among the given options, the only type of Data Manipulation Command is option 'C' - Delete. The CREATE and ALTER commands are Data Definition Language (DDL) commands used for creating and modifying the structure of the database objects, respectively.
The term "FAT" is stands for_____- a)File Allocation Tree
- b)File Allocation Table
- c)File Allocation Graph
- d)All of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "FAT" is stands for_____
a)
File Allocation Tree
b)
File Allocation Table
c)
File Allocation Graph
d)
All of the above
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The term "FAT" can be described as a file structure (or file architecture). In which all the information about the files where they are stored and where all these files need to be stored or in which directory, all that information generally stored in the file structure. Therefore the Operating system creates a table in which all the files and clusters are stored, known as the file allocation table.
Which one of the following refers to the total view of the database content?- a)Conceptual view
- b)Physical view
- c)Internal view
- d)External view
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following refers to the total view of the database content?
a)
Conceptual view
b)
Physical view
c)
Internal view
d)
External view
|
|
Ravi Sharma answered |
The conceptual view refers to the total view of the content available in the database. Therefore the correct answer is A.
The term "SQL" stands for- a)Standard query language
- b)Sequential query language
- c)Structured query language
- d)Server-side query language
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The term "SQL" stands for
a)
Standard query language
b)
Sequential query language
c)
Structured query language
d)
Server-side query language
|
|
Hansa Sharma answered |
The term "SQL" stands for the structured query language, which is one of the most widely, used programming languages for relational databases. It can also be used for managing and organizing data in all sorts of systems in which different data relationships exist. Therefore the correct answer is C.
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