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All questions of Water Resources for Humanities/Arts Exam
The state with the largest proportion of net irrigated area in the country is
- a)Uttar Pradesh.
- b)Gujarat.
- c)Punjab.
- d)Bihar.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The state with the largest proportion of net irrigated area in the country is
a)
Uttar Pradesh.
b)
Gujarat.
c)
Punjab.
d)
Bihar.
|
Arjun Chaudhary answered |
The state of Punjab has a 98.7% total irrigated area, which is the highest in India.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.The concept of _________envisages creation of awareness amongst the people to ensure their participation and to facilitate conservation efforts of various government departments.- a)Neeru-Meeru
- b)Haryali
- c)Arvary Pani Sansad
- d)Watershed
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.
The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.
The concept of _________envisages creation of awareness amongst the people to ensure their participation and to facilitate conservation efforts of various government departments.
a)
Neeru-Meeru
b)
Haryali
c)
Arvary Pani Sansad
d)
Watershed
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The concept of Neeru-Meeru envisages creation of awareness amongst the people to ensure their participation and to facilitate conservation efforts of various government departments.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”What happened to the embankment wall in 1975?- a)Fell down
- b)Leaked
- c)Held steady
- d)Destroyed by terrorists
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
What happened to the embankment wall in 1975?
a)
Fell down
b)
Leaked
c)
Held steady
d)
Destroyed by terrorists
|
Dipanjan Desai answered |
Background of the Embankment Wall
In 1975, the village of Ralegan Siddhi faced severe challenges, including poverty and ineffective water management. The construction of a percolation tank was initiated to address these issues, but it was fraught with problems.
Condition of the Embankment Wall
- The embankment wall of the percolation tank was initially faulty and ineffective.
- During its early construction, the wall leaked, which rendered the tank unable to hold water efficiently.
Community Response
- The villagers, recognizing the importance of the tank for their agricultural and water needs, took it upon themselves to repair the embankment.
- This collective effort showcased the community's determination and willingness to engage in voluntary labor to improve their circumstances.
Significance of the Repair
- The successful repair of the embankment led to a significant increase in water availability during the summer months.
- The wells below the tank swelled with water for the first time in the villagers' memory, indicating that the repairs were effective and vital for the village's sustenance.
Conclusion
The issue with the embankment wall leaking was a crucial turning point for Ralegan Siddhi. It not only highlighted the initial challenges faced by the community but also served as a catalyst for collective action and empowerment, leading to the village’s remarkable transformation. This explains why the correct answer to the question about the embankment wall is option 'B' – it leaked.
In 1975, the village of Ralegan Siddhi faced severe challenges, including poverty and ineffective water management. The construction of a percolation tank was initiated to address these issues, but it was fraught with problems.
Condition of the Embankment Wall
- The embankment wall of the percolation tank was initially faulty and ineffective.
- During its early construction, the wall leaked, which rendered the tank unable to hold water efficiently.
Community Response
- The villagers, recognizing the importance of the tank for their agricultural and water needs, took it upon themselves to repair the embankment.
- This collective effort showcased the community's determination and willingness to engage in voluntary labor to improve their circumstances.
Significance of the Repair
- The successful repair of the embankment led to a significant increase in water availability during the summer months.
- The wells below the tank swelled with water for the first time in the villagers' memory, indicating that the repairs were effective and vital for the village's sustenance.
Conclusion
The issue with the embankment wall leaking was a crucial turning point for Ralegan Siddhi. It not only highlighted the initial challenges faced by the community but also served as a catalyst for collective action and empowerment, leading to the village’s remarkable transformation. This explains why the correct answer to the question about the embankment wall is option 'B' – it leaked.
Of the total surface water available, the northern plains have- a)60%
- b)61%
- c)59%
- d)55%
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Of the total surface water available, the northern plains have
a)
60%
b)
61%
c)
59%
d)
55%
|
Arjun Ghoshal answered |
The north India has highest surface water in the form of rivers etc. because the rivers of north India are perenial in nature. They are snow-fed rivers of Himalayas. Rainfall is also high in the catchment area of these rivers.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”What was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on government?- a)Voluntary aid
- b)Voluntary capital
- c)Voluntary land
- d)Voluntary labour
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
What was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on government?
a)
Voluntary aid
b)
Voluntary capital
c)
Voluntary land
d)
Voluntary labour
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on government
The total number of Indian states with high proportion of irrigated area is- a)6.
- b)7.
- c)8.
- d)9.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The total number of Indian states with high proportion of irrigated area is
a)
6.
b)
7.
c)
8.
d)
9.
|
|
Arnab Gupta answered |
The areas with more than 40 percent of net irrigated area are called areas of high proportion of irrigated area. Punjab with 91% is at top followed by Haryana with 85%.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.Who has sponsored the Project Hariyali?- a)State Government
- b)Zila Parishad
- c)Central Government
- d)District Magistrate
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.
The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.
Who has sponsored the Project Hariyali?
a)
State Government
b)
Zila Parishad
c)
Central Government
d)
District Magistrate
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Central Government has sponsored the Project Hariyali
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.______ basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources.- a)Rainwater harvesting
- b)Watershed management
- c)Watershed conservation
- d)Watershed initiation
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.
The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.
______ basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources.
a)
Rainwater harvesting
b)
Watershed management
c)
Watershed conservation
d)
Watershed initiation
|
|
Dipanjan Desai answered |
Understanding Watershed Management
Watershed management encompasses a comprehensive approach to the stewardship of land and water resources within a watershed. It involves various strategies to ensure that these resources are utilized sustainably and preserved for future generations.
Key Components of Watershed Management:
- Efficient Management: It focuses on the effective use of surface and groundwater resources to maximize their availability and quality.
- Conservation Practices: Techniques such as rainwater harvesting, percolation tanks, and recharge wells are employed to prevent runoff and enhance groundwater recharge.
- Resource Balance: The goal is to achieve a harmonious relationship between natural resources (land, water, flora, and fauna) and human activities within the watershed.
Community Involvement:
- Participation is Essential: The success of watershed management relies heavily on active involvement from local communities. Their engagement ensures that management practices are aligned with local needs and conditions.
- Government Initiatives: Various programs, such as the Hariyali watershed development project, Neeru-Meeru, and Arvary Pani Sansad, promote community-led efforts in water conservation and management.
Conclusion:
Given the definition and objectives outlined, "Watershed management" is indeed the correct term that refers to the efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It encapsulates a broader range of activities aimed at sustaining both environmental health and community welfare.
Watershed management encompasses a comprehensive approach to the stewardship of land and water resources within a watershed. It involves various strategies to ensure that these resources are utilized sustainably and preserved for future generations.
Key Components of Watershed Management:
- Efficient Management: It focuses on the effective use of surface and groundwater resources to maximize their availability and quality.
- Conservation Practices: Techniques such as rainwater harvesting, percolation tanks, and recharge wells are employed to prevent runoff and enhance groundwater recharge.
- Resource Balance: The goal is to achieve a harmonious relationship between natural resources (land, water, flora, and fauna) and human activities within the watershed.
Community Involvement:
- Participation is Essential: The success of watershed management relies heavily on active involvement from local communities. Their engagement ensures that management practices are aligned with local needs and conditions.
- Government Initiatives: Various programs, such as the Hariyali watershed development project, Neeru-Meeru, and Arvary Pani Sansad, promote community-led efforts in water conservation and management.
Conclusion:
Given the definition and objectives outlined, "Watershed management" is indeed the correct term that refers to the efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It encapsulates a broader range of activities aimed at sustaining both environmental health and community welfare.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”Which trade proliferated in the village in mid 1970s?- a)Smuggling
- b)Illicit liquor
- c)Trafficking
- d)Black marketing
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
Which trade proliferated in the village in mid 1970s?
a)
Smuggling
b)
Illicit liquor
c)
Trafficking
d)
Black marketing
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
Illicit liquor trade proliferated in the village in the mid 1970s.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.The success of watershed development largely depends upon :- a)community participation
- b)Government policies
- c)State Government involvement
- d)community isolation
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources – natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.
The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations also. Hariyali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Neeru-Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.
The success of watershed development largely depends upon :
a)
community participation
b)
Government policies
c)
State Government involvement
d)
community isolation
|
|
Anand Mukherjee answered |
Importance of Community Participation in Watershed Management
Watershed management is fundamentally about balancing natural resources and human needs. The effectiveness of this approach is closely tied to community involvement, which plays several critical roles:
1. Local Knowledge and Expertise
- Community members possess invaluable local knowledge about their environment, including soil types, water flow patterns, and seasonal changes.
- This knowledge enables the development of tailored solutions that are more likely to succeed in the specific context of the watershed.
2. Ownership and Responsibility
- When communities participate actively in watershed management projects, they develop a sense of ownership over the resources.
- This ownership fosters greater responsibility in maintaining and protecting these resources, leading to more sustainable practices.
3. Enhanced Collaboration
- Community involvement encourages collaboration among various stakeholders, including local governments, NGOs, and private sectors.
- This collaborative approach can pool resources, share ideas, and implement comprehensive strategies that are more effective than isolated efforts.
4. Empowerment and Capacity Building
- Participation empowers communities by building their capacity to manage resources effectively.
- Through training and engagement, communities learn skills that can be applied to other areas of development, enhancing their overall resilience.
5. Sustainability and Long-term Success
- Projects driven by community participation are more likely to be sustained over the long term.
- As local people continue to engage with and benefit from the watershed, they are motivated to ensure its health and productivity for future generations.
In summary, while government policies and support are essential, the heart of successful watershed management lies in active community participation. This engagement ensures that management practices are relevant, sustainable, and beneficial for both the environment and the local population.
Watershed management is fundamentally about balancing natural resources and human needs. The effectiveness of this approach is closely tied to community involvement, which plays several critical roles:
1. Local Knowledge and Expertise
- Community members possess invaluable local knowledge about their environment, including soil types, water flow patterns, and seasonal changes.
- This knowledge enables the development of tailored solutions that are more likely to succeed in the specific context of the watershed.
2. Ownership and Responsibility
- When communities participate actively in watershed management projects, they develop a sense of ownership over the resources.
- This ownership fosters greater responsibility in maintaining and protecting these resources, leading to more sustainable practices.
3. Enhanced Collaboration
- Community involvement encourages collaboration among various stakeholders, including local governments, NGOs, and private sectors.
- This collaborative approach can pool resources, share ideas, and implement comprehensive strategies that are more effective than isolated efforts.
4. Empowerment and Capacity Building
- Participation empowers communities by building their capacity to manage resources effectively.
- Through training and engagement, communities learn skills that can be applied to other areas of development, enhancing their overall resilience.
5. Sustainability and Long-term Success
- Projects driven by community participation are more likely to be sustained over the long term.
- As local people continue to engage with and benefit from the watershed, they are motivated to ensure its health and productivity for future generations.
In summary, while government policies and support are essential, the heart of successful watershed management lies in active community participation. This engagement ensures that management practices are relevant, sustainable, and beneficial for both the environment and the local population.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.Why does the concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season?- a)Due to high flow of water
- b)Due to high precipitation level
- c)Due to low flow of water
- d)Due to increased industrial use
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.
Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.
Why does the concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season?
a)
Due to high flow of water
b)
Due to high precipitation level
c)
Due to low flow of water
d)
Due to increased industrial use
|
Nisha Sengupta answered |
Reason for high concentration of pollutants in rivers during the summer season:
- Low flow of water: During the summer season, the flow of water in rivers decreases significantly due to reduced rainfall and snowmelt. This low flow of water leads to less dilution of pollutants entering the rivers from various sources such as agricultural runoff, domestic waste, and industrial effluents.
- Intensive use of river water: In the plains, river water is intensively used for irrigation, drinking, domestic, and industrial purposes, especially during the summer season when water scarcity is more pronounced. This increased usage contributes to higher concentrations of pollutants in the water.
- Drainage of contaminants: Drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers, adding to the pollution load. During the summer season, when the flow of water is low, these contaminants are not effectively flushed out, leading to a higher concentration of pollutants in the rivers.
- Monitoring data: Data obtained from monitoring stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main sources of pollution in rivers, especially during the summer season. This data highlights the need for effective measures to control pollution and improve water quality.
In conclusion, the combination of low water flow, intensive use of river water, drainage of contaminants, and monitoring data all contribute to the high concentration of pollutants in rivers during the summer season. Addressing these factors through proper management and regulatory measures is essential to protect and preserve water resources.
- Low flow of water: During the summer season, the flow of water in rivers decreases significantly due to reduced rainfall and snowmelt. This low flow of water leads to less dilution of pollutants entering the rivers from various sources such as agricultural runoff, domestic waste, and industrial effluents.
- Intensive use of river water: In the plains, river water is intensively used for irrigation, drinking, domestic, and industrial purposes, especially during the summer season when water scarcity is more pronounced. This increased usage contributes to higher concentrations of pollutants in the water.
- Drainage of contaminants: Drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers, adding to the pollution load. During the summer season, when the flow of water is low, these contaminants are not effectively flushed out, leading to a higher concentration of pollutants in the rivers.
- Monitoring data: Data obtained from monitoring stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main sources of pollution in rivers, especially during the summer season. This data highlights the need for effective measures to control pollution and improve water quality.
In conclusion, the combination of low water flow, intensive use of river water, drainage of contaminants, and monitoring data all contribute to the high concentration of pollutants in rivers during the summer season. Addressing these factors through proper management and regulatory measures is essential to protect and preserve water resources.
Which one of the following rivers has the highest replenishable ground water resource in the country?- a)Indus
- b)Mahanadi
- c)Ganga
- d)Godavari
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following rivers has the highest replenishable ground water resource in the country?
a)
Indus
b)
Mahanadi
c)
Ganga
d)
Godavari
|
Kunal Verma answered |
The total replenishable groundwater resources in the country are about 432 cubic km. The Ganga and the Brahmaputra basins have about 46 percent of the total replenishable groundwater resources.
The region that faces water scarcity in North India is- a)northern part of Jammu and Kashmir.
- b)Himachal Pradesh.
- c)Northern parts of Punjab.
- d)Haryana.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The region that faces water scarcity in North India is
a)
northern part of Jammu and Kashmir.
b)
Himachal Pradesh.
c)
Northern parts of Punjab.
d)
Haryana.
|
Rajat Iyer answered |
It is a very cold area. The water is mostly in the form of snowin higher altitudes. This region is characterized by mild summer and severe winter with mean annual temperature of less than 80C and mean annual rainfall of less than 150 mm.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”In which state is Ralegan Siddhi situated?- a)Tamil Nadu
- b)Andhra Pradesh
- c)Maharashtra
- d)Arunachal Pradesh
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
In which state is Ralegan Siddhi situated?
a)
Tamil Nadu
b)
Andhra Pradesh
c)
Maharashtra
d)
Arunachal Pradesh
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
Ralegan Siddhi is situated in Maharashtra.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”The term Nyaya Panchayats refers to:- a)Formal courts
- b)Informal courts
- c)Formal police
- d)Informal police
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
The term Nyaya Panchayats refers to:
a)
Formal courts
b)
Informal courts
c)
Formal police
d)
Informal police
|
|
Dipanjan Desai answered |
Understanding Nyaya Panchayats
Nyaya Panchayats are an innovative approach to local justice that emerged in the context of Ralegan Siddhi's community-driven development. These informal courts were established as a means to foster self-governance and community resolution of disputes without relying on the formal police or judicial systems.
Key Features of Nyaya Panchayats:
- Informal Structure:
Nyaya Panchayats operate outside the formal judicial framework. They are community-based and do not follow the rigid procedures of traditional courts.
- Community Empowerment:
By resolving issues within the community, these courts empower local leaders and ensure that decisions reflect the values and needs of the villagers.
- Conflict Resolution:
Disputes such as land issues, social conflicts, or minor criminal matters are handled internally, reducing the burden on police and formal courts.
- Cultural Relevance:
The informal nature allows for culturally sensitive approaches to justice, aligning with the villagers' customs and practices.
- Promotion of Consensus:
Decisions are often made through consensus, fostering unity and cooperation among community members.
Impact on Ralegan Siddhi:
The establishment of Nyaya Panchayats has led to a significant reduction in reliance on police intervention and formal legal processes. By handling matters locally, the community has strengthened its bonds and maintained social harmony, serving as an effective model for similar initiatives in other regions.
In summary, Nyaya Panchayats represent a vital aspect of Ralegan Siddhi's transformation, embodying the principles of self-reliance, community involvement, and informal justice systems. This approach not only addresses local issues but also enhances the villagers' pride and ownership of their development journey.
Nyaya Panchayats are an innovative approach to local justice that emerged in the context of Ralegan Siddhi's community-driven development. These informal courts were established as a means to foster self-governance and community resolution of disputes without relying on the formal police or judicial systems.
Key Features of Nyaya Panchayats:
- Informal Structure:
Nyaya Panchayats operate outside the formal judicial framework. They are community-based and do not follow the rigid procedures of traditional courts.
- Community Empowerment:
By resolving issues within the community, these courts empower local leaders and ensure that decisions reflect the values and needs of the villagers.
- Conflict Resolution:
Disputes such as land issues, social conflicts, or minor criminal matters are handled internally, reducing the burden on police and formal courts.
- Cultural Relevance:
The informal nature allows for culturally sensitive approaches to justice, aligning with the villagers' customs and practices.
- Promotion of Consensus:
Decisions are often made through consensus, fostering unity and cooperation among community members.
Impact on Ralegan Siddhi:
The establishment of Nyaya Panchayats has led to a significant reduction in reliance on police intervention and formal legal processes. By handling matters locally, the community has strengthened its bonds and maintained social harmony, serving as an effective model for similar initiatives in other regions.
In summary, Nyaya Panchayats represent a vital aspect of Ralegan Siddhi's transformation, embodying the principles of self-reliance, community involvement, and informal justice systems. This approach not only addresses local issues but also enhances the villagers' pride and ownership of their development journey.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”How much donation was arranged to construct school building?- a)Nil
- b)Rs. 10 lakhs
- c)Rs. 20 lakhs
- d)Rs. 22 lakhs
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
How much donation was arranged to construct school building?
a)
Nil
b)
Rs. 10 lakhs
c)
Rs. 20 lakhs
d)
Rs. 22 lakhs
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
No donation was arranged to construct school building.
Over withdrawals of groundwater in West Bengal and Bihar has increased the concentration of- a)iron.
- b)chlorine.
- c)fluoride.
- d)arsenic.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Over withdrawals of groundwater in West Bengal and Bihar has increased the concentration of
a)
iron.
b)
chlorine.
c)
fluoride.
d)
arsenic.
|
|
Rajdeep Choudhury answered |
Over withdrawals in some states like Rajasthan, and Maharashtra has increased fluoride concentration in ground-water, and this practice has led to increase in concentration of arsenic in parts of West Bengal and Bihar.
The south Indian state with highest ground water utilisation is- a)Tamil Nadu.
- b)Karnataka.
- c)Andhra Pradesh.
- d)Kerala.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The south Indian state with highest ground water utilisation is
a)
Tamil Nadu.
b)
Karnataka.
c)
Andhra Pradesh.
d)
Kerala.
|
|
Anisha Chopra answered |
Tamilnadu has highest ground water utilisation among south Indian states. Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state and is a leading producer of agricultural products in India. In 2008, Tamil Nadu was India's fifth biggest producer of rice, the largest producer of bananas, flowers, tapioca, the second largest producer of mango, natural rubber, coconut, groundnut and the third largest producer of coffee, sapota, tea and sugarcane.
Largest use of water in India is for- a)drinking.
- b)hydro electric power.
- c)pisciculture.
- d)irrigation.
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Largest use of water in India is for
a)
drinking.
b)
hydro electric power.
c)
pisciculture.
d)
irrigation.
|
|
Dhruba Malik answered |
Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.Why the available water resources are degrading rapidly?- a)Border conflicts
- b)Concentration of pollutants is very high
- c)Drying up of water bodies
- d)None of the Above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.
Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.
Why the available water resources are degrading rapidly?
a)
Border conflicts
b)
Concentration of pollutants is very high
c)
Drying up of water bodies
d)
None of the Above
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The available water resources are degrading rapidly because concentration of pollutants is very high.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
What name was given to the youth group formed?
- a)Youth Ekta
- b)Yuva Mandal
- c)Tarun Mandal
- d)Students to Soldiers
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country.
In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus. “It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages. At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”
What name was given to the youth group formed?
a)
Youth Ekta
b)
Yuva Mandal
c)
Tarun Mandal
d)
Students to Soldiers
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The name “Tarun Mandal” was given to the youth group formed.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.What is the main role of CPCB?- a)Environmental assessments and research
- b)Maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws
- c)conduct monitoring of water quality
- d)All of the Above
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.
Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.
What is the main role of CPCB?
a)
Environmental assessments and research
b)
Maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws
c)
conduct monitoring of water quality
d)
All of the Above
|
|
Rajesh Gupta answered |
The main role of CPCB includes Environmental assessments and research, Maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws and conduct monitoring of water quality.
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.When was the CPCB established?- a)1964
- b)1974
- c)1984
- d)1994
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Direction: Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Available water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations. The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Music of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi.
Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.
When was the CPCB established?
a)
1964
b)
1974
c)
1984
d)
1994
|
|
Arun Yadav answered |
The CPCB was established in 1974.
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Geography CUET UG Mock Test Series 2026
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