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All questions of Operational Amplifier for GATE Physics Exam

If Av(d) = 3500 and ACM = 0.35, then CMRR is :
  • a)
    1225
  • b)
    10000
  • c)
    40 dB 
  • d)
    80 dB
Correct answer is option 'B,D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jayant Mishra answered
The solution to your question is: 

Hence, The correct answers are: 10000, 80 dB

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Ideal op-amp has infinite voltage gain because 
  • a)
    To control the output voltage 
  • b)
    To obtain finite output voltage 
  • c)
    To receive zero noise output voltage 
  • d)
    None of the mentioned
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

Vedika Singh answered
As the voltage gain is infinite, the voltage between the inverting and non-inverting terminal (i.e. differential input voltage) is essentially zero for finite output voltage.

When negative feedback is used, then the gain bandwidth product of an Op-Amp.
  • a)
    fluctuates
  • b)
    increases
  • c)
    decreases
  • d)
    stays the same
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Jayant Mishra answered
Applying the feedback will reduce the gain but increase the bandwidth hence, the gain bandwidth product = Ax f. he remains constant for any voltage feedback amplifier.
The correct answer is: stays the same

A differential amplifier.
  • a)
    is a part of an Op-Amp
  • b)
    has one input only 
  • c)
    has two output
  • d)
    has one input and one output
Correct answer is option 'A,C'. Can you explain this answer?

Jayant Mishra answered
Any differential amplifier has two inputs and two outputs (one is Vout and other is ground potential) The correct answers are: is a part of an Op-Amp, has two output

The circuit below represent a non-inverting integrator. Find the expression for the output voltage.
  • a)
  • b)
  • c)
  • d)
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Vedika Singh answered

Let the inverting terminal of Op-Amp is at potential ‘V and hence non-inverting terminal also appears to have the same potential ‘V due to virtual ground concept.
Input current to op-amp is zero. Hence at non-inverting terminal mode, we have


Input current to Op-Amp is zero. Hence at inverting terminal mode we have

Substituting the values and solving all the above equations, we get



The certain inverting amplifier has a closed loop gain of 25. The Op-Amp has an open-loop gain of 100000. If another Op-Amp with an open loop gain of 200000 is substituted in the configuration, the closed loop gain is?
    Correct answer is '25'. Can you explain this answer?

    The closed loop gain depends on the configuration and open loop gain is completely independent of it. Hence even if open loop gain is changed, the closed loop gain remains at 25 with the same configuration.
    The correct answer is: 25

     
    How many PN junctions is/are present in a bipolar junction transistor?
      Correct answer is '2'. Can you explain this answer?

      A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) contains 2 PN junctions. If the transistor is NPN type then it contains a P-type semiconductor sandwiched between two N-type semiconductor. If the transistor is PNP type then it contains a N-type semiconductor sandwiched between two P-type semiconductor. In both the cases there are two PN junctions.

      In order to obtain a solution of the differential equation
      involving voltage V(t) and V1 an Op-Amp circuit would require at least.
      • a)
        one Op-Amp adder
      • b)
        two Op-Amp adder
      • c)
        one Op-Amp integrator
      • d)
        two Op-Amp integrator
      Correct answer is option 'A,D'. Can you explain this answer?

      Jayant Mishra answered
      Since, it is a two degree linear differential equation, hence, two integrators are required, also one adder to calculate the sum of outputs.
      The correct answers are: two Op-Amp integrator , one Op-Amp adder

      The natural semiconductor LH0063C has a slew rate of
      • a)
        1400V/µs
      • b)
        6000V/µs
      • c)
        500V/µs
      • d)
        None of the mentioned
      Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

      Chirag Verma answered
      National semiconductor LH0063C has a slew rate of 6000V/µs. Generally, the practical op-amp is available with slew rate from 0.1V/µs to well above 1000V/µs.

      The inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) is shorted with output terminal apart from being grounded. A voltage signal V1 is applied to the noninverting input terminal of the Op-Amp. Under this configuration the Op-Amp function is as :
      • a)
        voltage to current converter 
      • b)
        an oscillator 
      • c)
        an open loop inverter
      • d)
        a voltage follower
      Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

      Jayant Mishra answered
      The lowest gain can be obtained from a non-inverting amplifier with feedback 1.
      When the non-inverting amplifier is configured for unit gain, it is called a voltage follower because the output voltage is equal to and in phase with the input. In other words, in the voltage follower, the output follows the input. To obtain the voltage follower from non-inverting amplifier of figure 1. simply open R1 and short R
      f
       The resulting circuit is shown is figure 2. In this figure, all the output voltages are feedback into the inverting terminal of the Op-Amp ; consequently the gain of the feedback is 1.

      The correct answer is: a voltage follower

      What is the minimum voltage required to make the PN junction of a real silicon transistor in forward biased?
        Correct answer is '0.7'. Can you explain this answer?

        0.7 volts is the minimum voltage required to make the PN junction of a real silicon transistor in forward biased. This 0.7 volt potential difference makes the PN junction between base and emitter terminal in forward biased.

        The frequency at which the open loop gain is equal to 1 is called. 
        • a)
          The upper critical frequency
        • b)
          The notch frequency
        • c)
          The cut-off frequency
        • d)
          The unity-gain frequency
        Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

        Gitanjali Iyer answered
        Unity-gain frequency

        The unity-gain frequency, also known as the gain crossover frequency, is the frequency at which the open-loop gain of a feedback system is equal to 1. It is an important parameter in the analysis and design of control systems.

        Open-loop gain

        Before delving into the unity-gain frequency, it is crucial to understand the concept of open-loop gain. In a control system, the open-loop gain is the gain of the system without any feedback. It represents the amplification or attenuation of the input signal by the system without any corrective action.

        Definition

        The unity-gain frequency is defined as the frequency at which the magnitude of the open-loop gain is unity, or 1. It is the frequency at which the output signal of the system is equal in magnitude to the input signal, resulting in a gain of 1.

        Significance

        The unity-gain frequency is a critical parameter in control systems because it determines the bandwidth and stability of the system. It represents the frequency at which the system transitions from a high-gain region to a low-gain region.

        Frequency response

        The frequency response of a control system is a plot of the gain and phase shift of the open-loop transfer function as a function of frequency. It provides valuable insights into the behavior of the system at different frequencies.

        Frequency at gain crossover

        At the unity-gain frequency, the open-loop gain of the system is equal to 1. This means that the output signal is equal in magnitude to the input signal. In terms of the frequency response, the gain crossover occurs at this frequency.

        Application in stability analysis

        The unity-gain frequency is used in stability analysis of control systems. It helps determine the stability margins and the frequency range within which the system remains stable. The gain margin and phase margin are calculated based on the proximity of the crossover frequency to the critical point of -180 degrees phase shift.

        Conclusion

        In summary, the unity-gain frequency is the frequency at which the open-loop gain of a control system is equal to 1. It is an important parameter in stability analysis and determines the bandwidth of the system. Understanding the unity-gain frequency helps in the design and analysis of control systems.

        What should be the values of the component R and R2 such the frequency of the Wien bridge oscillator is 300Hz?
        (given C = 0.01 μf and R1 = 12kΩ.
        • a)
        • b)
        • c)
        • d)
        Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

        Vedika Singh answered
        The frequency of oscillation f0 is exactly the resonant frequency of balanced Wien bridge and is given by 

        Assuming that the resistor are equal in value, and the capacitors are equal is value in the reactive lag of the wien bridge. At the frequency, the gain required for sustained oscillation is given by





        The correct answer is:

        The low-pass active filter shown in the figure has a cut-off frequency of 2kHz and a pass band gain of 1.5. The values of the resistors are :
        • a)
        • b)
        • c)
        • d)
        Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

        Vedika Singh answered
        At f = fcc (cut o ff frequency at which gain falls to  of its low frequency value)


        (i) Pass-Band gain = Amax = 1.5.
        Hence,


        The correct answer is: 

        The circuit shown is based on ideal operational amplifiers. It acts as a
        • a)
          subtractor
        • b)
          buffer amplifier
        • c)
          adder
        • d)
          divider
        Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

        Pie Academy answered
        A buffer amplifier (sometimes simply called a buffer) is one that provides electrical impedance transformation from one circuit to another, with the aim of the signal source being unaffected by (“buffered from”) whatever currents that the load may produce.
        The correct answer is: buffer amplifier

        The transistor gain of the circuit shown in figure is given by
        • a)
        • b)
        • c)
        • d)
        Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

        Vedika Singh answered
        A and B can be measured at the same potential. From figure;


        or

        Also 


        Combing (i) and (ii)

        The correct answer is:

        The output voltage of a certain Op-Amp appears as shown in figure in response to a step input. What is the slew rate (in V/μs)
          Correct answer is '18'. Can you explain this answer?

          Sinjini Nair answered
          The output goes from the lower to the upper limit. Since, this response is not ideal, the limit are taken at the 90% points, as indicated. So the upper limit is + 9Vand the lower limit is - 9V. The slew rate is 

          = 18 V/μs
          The correct answer is: 18

          The difference between the bandwidth of the amplifiers given below when both the Not answered Op-Amps have an open loop gain of 100dB and a unity-gain bandwidth of 3MHz (in KHz) is :
            Correct answer is '19.5'. Can you explain this answer?

            For non-inverting amplifier, closed loop gain is

            For the inverting amplifier, the closed loop gain is.

            Using the absolute value of Acl the closed-loop bandwidth is

            Therefore difference in their bandwidth is
            = 63.8 - 44.3
             = 19.5 kHz
            The correct answer is: 19.5

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