All questions of Class 9 Geography for UPSC CSE Exam

Due to the longitudinal extent there is a time lag of 2 hours

The correct answer is option 'C', which states that there are 50 tiger reserves in India.

Explanation:

**Tiger Reserves in India:**
India is home to a significant population of tigers, and to protect these majestic creatures and their habitats, tiger reserves have been established across the country. Tiger reserves are designated areas where conservation efforts are focused on safeguarding the tiger population and their ecosystems.

**Number of Tiger Reserves in India:**
As of now, India has a total of 50 tiger reserves, spread across various states. These reserves have been established under the Project Tiger initiative, which was launched in 1973 by the Government of India. The objective of this project is to ensure the conservation and sustainable management of the tiger population in the country.

**Purpose of Tiger Reserves:**
Tiger reserves play a crucial role in the conservation of tigers and their habitats. These reserves provide protected areas where tigers can thrive and breed without facing significant threats from poaching, habitat destruction, or human-wildlife conflict. By designating specific areas as tiger reserves, the government aims to create a safe and conducive environment for the survival and growth of the tiger population.

**Project Tiger:**
Project Tiger is a comprehensive wildlife conservation program implemented by the Government of India. It focuses on the protection and management of tiger reserves, research and monitoring, habitat improvement, wildlife law enforcement, and community participation. The project has been instrumental in reviving the tiger population in India, which was once on the brink of extinction.

**Importance of Tiger Reserves:**
Tiger reserves not only safeguard the tiger population but also contribute to the overall biodiversity conservation of the respective regions. These reserves protect the ecosystems that support tigers, which in turn benefit numerous other species of flora and fauna. Additionally, tiger reserves attract tourists, generating revenue and supporting local economies through ecotourism.

In conclusion, India has a total of 50 tiger reserves, which are crucial for the conservation and protection of the tiger population and their habitats. These reserves serve as safe havens for tigers and contribute to the overall biodiversity conservation efforts in the country.

Yes, the correct answer is option 'A', which means that the statement "Goa is the smallest state in India" is true. Let's discuss why.

Geographical Location of Goa
Goa is a state situated in the western region of India, along the Arabian Sea coastline. It is bounded by the states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south. The state capital is Panaji, and the largest city is Vasco da Gama.

Size of Goa
As per the census of 2011, the total area of Goa is 3,702 square kilometers. This makes it the smallest state in India in terms of area.

Comparison with Other States
To understand this better, let's compare the size of Goa with other states in India:

- The largest state in India is Rajasthan, which has an area of around 342,239 square kilometers.
- The second smallest state in India is Sikkim, which has an area of around 7,096 square kilometers, which is almost twice the size of Goa.
- The third smallest state is Tripura, which has an area of around 10,486 square kilometers, which is almost three times the size of Goa.

Conclusion
From the above comparisons, it is evident that Goa is indeed the smallest state in India in terms of its geographical area.

Emigration. Immigration (migration is classified) ^-^

The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake differs from the rest of the lakes in the group.

Reasons:

Location:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh, while the other lakes are located in Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir.

Origin:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is a man-made reservoir, created by the Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej River. In contrast, the other lakes are natural or semi-natural.

Purpose:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake was created primarily for hydroelectric power generation, irrigation, and drinking water supply. The other lakes do not have such a specific purpose.

Size:
- The Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is much larger than the other lakes, with a surface area of about 170 square kilometers. In comparison, Dal Lake has a surface area of about 18 square kilometers, Nainital Lake has a surface area of about 1.5 square kilometers, and Bhimtal Lake has a surface area of about 1.2 square kilometers.

Tourism:
- While the other lakes are popular tourist destinations, the Guru Gobind Sagar Lake is not as well-known as a tourist spot. It is mainly visited by people interested in water sports and fishing.

In conclusion, the Guru Gobind Sagar Lake differs from the rest of the lakes in the group due to its location, origin, purpose, size, and popularity as a tourist destination.

West Bengal..

Tropical deciduous forest

False

Explanation:
Perennial rivers are those rivers which flow throughout the year. Most of the Peninsular rivers are not perennial in nature. These rivers depend on rainfall for their flow and hence, they dry up during summers. Some of the major Peninsular rivers such as Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, etc. have a seasonal flow and are not perennial. However, some of the Peninsular rivers such as Narmada and Tapti have a perennial flow as they originate from the mountains and are not solely dependent on rainfall. Hence, the statement that most of the Peninsular rivers are perennial is false.

It's true

Land boundaries of India in the west

India is surrounded by seven countries and shares land boundaries with six of them. The country that shares land boundaries with India in the west is Pakistan.

India-Pakistan Border

The India-Pakistan border is one of the most significant borders in the world, and it is also known as the International Border (IB). The border between India and Pakistan runs through the states of Punjab, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The length of the India-Pakistan border is approximately 3,323 km.

The India-Pakistan border is divided into three sectors: the Western Sector, the Eastern Sector, and the Northern Sector. The Western Sector stretches from Gujarat to Jammu, the Eastern Sector from Jammu to West Bengal, and the Northern Sector from Jammu to the Karakoram Pass.

The India-Pakistan border is a heavily guarded boundary, and there is a constant presence of military forces on both sides of the border. The border has witnessed many conflicts and skirmishes, and both countries have fought three major wars in 1947, 1965, and 1971.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Pakistan shares land boundaries with India in the west. The India-Pakistan border is one of the most significant borders in the world and has witnessed many conflicts and skirmishes. The border is heavily guarded, and both countries maintain a constant presence of military forces.

**Explanation:**
India shares a land boundary with several countries in different directions. In the north, it shares a land boundary with Nepal.

**Nepal:**
- Nepal is a landlocked country located in the Himalayas, bordered by China to the north and India to the south, east, and west.
- The India-Nepal border is approximately 1,751 kilometers long and is defined by the Himalayan mountain range.
- The border between India and Nepal is open and allows for the free movement of people and goods between the two countries.
- Some of the major border crossings between India and Nepal include Sunauli-Bhairahawa, Raxaul-Birgunj, and Panitanki-Kakarbhitta.

The other options listed in the question do not share a land boundary with India in the north:

**Myanmar:**
- Myanmar is located to the east of India and shares a border with India's northeastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram.
- The border between India and Myanmar is defined by rivers, mountains, and forests.

**Sri Lanka:**
- Sri Lanka is an island nation located to the south of India, separated by the Palk Strait.
- There is no land boundary between India and Sri Lanka.

**Bangladesh:**
- Bangladesh is located to the east of India and shares a border with the Indian states of West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
- The India-Bangladesh border is defined by rivers, including the Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Meghna.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D, Nepal, as it shares a land boundary with India in the north.

The correct answer is option 'A', Suez Canal.

Explanation:
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. It was opened in November 1869, and since then it has shortened the distance between India and Europe. The canal has reduced the distance between the ports of Mumbai and London by approximately 7,000 kilometers. Before the Suez Canal, ships had to travel around the southern tip of Africa to reach Europe from India, which took a longer time and was more dangerous due to adverse weather conditions.

Advantages of the Suez Canal:

1. Reduced travel time: The Suez Canal has reduced the travel time between India and Europe by providing a direct route through the Isthmus of Suez.

2. Reduced transportation cost: The shorter distance and reduced travel time have reduced transportation costs significantly.

3. Boosted trade: The canal has boosted trade between India and Europe, as it has made the transportation of goods faster and cheaper.

4. Improved global connectivity: The Suez Canal has improved global connectivity by providing a direct route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

In conclusion, the Suez Canal has shortened the distance between India and Europe, reducing travel time, transportation costs, and boosting trade between the two regions.

National population policy.

Length of River Ganga Drainage Basin

The total length of River Ganga drainage basin is 2500 km.

Explanation

The River Ganga is one of the largest rivers in India and has a significant impact on the country's culture, economy, and environment. The river flows through several states in northern India, including Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. The Ganga basin is also one of the most densely populated regions in the world.

The River Ganga drainage basin is the area of land drained by the river and its tributaries. The length of the drainage basin is measured from the source of the river in the Himalayas to the point where it meets the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the River Ganga drainage basin is approximately 2,500 km.

The River Ganga is considered holy by Hindus and is a significant pilgrimage site. It is also an essential source of water for agriculture, industry, and domestic use. However, the river is facing several challenges, including pollution, climate change, and overuse. The Indian government has launched several initiatives to clean up the river and prevent further degradation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the total length of the River Ganga drainage basin is 2,500 km. The river is an essential resource for India and its people, but it is also facing significant challenges. It is crucial to take steps to protect and preserve the river for future generations.

Russia

The correct answer is option 'A', which states that the Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the south-east of India.

Explanation:
India is a country in South Asia with a vast coastline that extends over 7,500 km. The country has several island groups located off its coast, which include:

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - These islands are a group of more than 500 islands located in the Bay of Bengal. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the only union territory of India that lies to the south-east of the country.

2. Lakshadweep - Lakshadweep is a group of islands located in the Arabian Sea. It is the smallest union territory of India and lies to the west of Kerala.

3. Daman and Diu - Daman and Diu are two small union territories located on the western coast of India. They are separated by the Gulf of Khambhat and lie to the north-west of the country.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'A', as the Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the south-east of India.

The Himalayas,option 'B'.

Yes India was at the second position, but now it already crossed China in 2023. Now we r the highest populous country in the world.

Uttar Pradesh, Option C.

Has a high population growth rate compared to other countries
d)India's population is evenly distributed across all regions.

Oldest Landmass in India:

India has a diverse topography with different landforms and divisions. The country can be broadly divided into three geological divisions- the peninsular part, the Himalayan mountain range, and the Indo-Gangetic plain. Out of these three divisions, the peninsular part has the oldest landmass.

The Peninsular Part:

The peninsular part of India is a vast region that comprises the Deccan Plateau and the Eastern and Western Ghats. It covers the southern part of India and is surrounded by water on three sides- the Arabian Sea to the west, the Bay of Bengal to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the south.

The peninsular part of India is made up of ancient rocks, some of which are more than a billion years old. These rocks were formed during the Precambrian era and were part of the Gondwana landmass.

The peninsular region of India consists of several plateaus and hill ranges, including the Malwa Plateau, the Satpura Range, the Vindhya Range, and the Eastern and Western Ghats. These landforms have been formed due to various geological processes over millions of years.

The Himalayan Mountain Range:

The Himalayan mountain range is the youngest landform in India and is still being formed. The range is located in the northern part of India and stretches for over 2,400 kilometers from the Indus River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east.

The Himalayas were formed due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. This collision caused the upliftment of the Himalayan range, which is still continuing at a rate of 5mm to 10mm per year.

The Himalayan range is home to some of the highest peaks in the world, including Mount Everest, K2, and Kangchenjunga.

The Vindhya Mountain Range:

The Vindhya mountain range is a range of hills and mountains that stretches for over 1,000 kilometers across central India. The range separates the northern part of India from the Deccan Plateau.

The Vindhya range is made up of sedimentary rocks that were formed during the Cenozoic era. These rocks are relatively younger than the rocks in the peninsular part of India.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the peninsular part of India has the oldest landmass. The region is made up of ancient rocks that were formed during the Precambrian era and were part of the Gondwana landmass. The Himalayan range is the youngest landform in India and is still being formed, while the Vindhya range is relatively younger than the rocks in the peninsular part of India.

Option A is correct

Correct answer is B Rann of kutch

**The source of the river Narmada is Amarkantak.**

The river Narmada, one of the major rivers in India, originates from the Amarkantak plateau. It is located in the Maikal Mountains, which is part of the Vindhya Range. Amarkantak is a pilgrimage town situated at an altitude of around 1065 meters in the Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh.

**Amarkantak**:
- Amarkantak is considered a sacred place by Hindus as it is believed to be the meeting point of the Vindhya Range and the Satpura Range, which are two important mountain ranges in central India.
- It is believed that the Narmada River emerges as a result of the union of two small streams, namely, the Sonbhadra and the Johila, at the origin point in Amarkantak.
- The Sonbhadra stream originates from the east while the Johila stream originates from the west. They converge at the Amarkantak plateau to form the Narmada River.

**Vindhya Range**:
- The Vindhya Range is a range of hills and mountains that runs parallel to the Narmada River in central India.
- It extends from eastern Gujarat through Madhya Pradesh and into southeastern Uttar Pradesh.
- The Vindhya Range acts as a watershed between the rivers flowing into the Arabian Sea and those flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
- It is a prominent feature in the landscape of central India and is known for its rich biodiversity and scenic beauty.

**Satpura Range**:
- The Satpura Range is another important mountain range in central India.
- It runs parallel to the Vindhya Range and forms the southern boundary of the Narmada River basin.
- The Satpura Range is known for its dense forests, wildlife sanctuaries, and hill stations.
- Several rivers, including the Tapti and the Narmada, originate from this range.

In conclusion, the river Narmada has its source at Amarkantak, which is located in the Maikal Mountains of the Vindhya Range. The belief that the Narmada River is formed by the union of the Sonbhadra and Johila streams at Amarkantak makes it a significant pilgrimage site for Hindus.

The most significant feature of the Indian population is the size of its adolescent population. This means that India has a large number of individuals between the ages of 10 and 19. This is a crucial demographic group because it represents the future of the country and has a significant impact on various aspects of society, such as education, economic productivity, and social development.

- Growing Adolescent Population:
India has one of the largest adolescent populations in the world. According to recent data, around 253 million adolescents reside in India, comprising approximately 20% of the total population. This large size of the adolescent population has both positive and negative implications for the country.

- Education:
The size of the adolescent population has significant implications for the education system in India. With millions of adolescents in the country, there is a need to ensure access to quality education for all. However, the education system in India faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, shortage of trained teachers, and high dropout rates, which need to be addressed to ensure that the adolescent population receives proper education and skills training.

- Economic Productivity:
The adolescent population is also critical for economic productivity. As this age group enters the workforce, they contribute to the country's economic growth and development. However, this potential can only be realized if proper skills training and employment opportunities are provided. It is crucial to invest in vocational training programs and create job opportunities that cater to the needs and aspirations of the growing adolescent population.

- Social Development:
The adolescent population plays a vital role in social development. They are the future leaders and decision-makers of the country. Empowering this age group with knowledge, skills, and awareness is crucial for building a better society. Addressing issues such as gender inequality, early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and access to healthcare services can have a long-lasting impact on the well-being and development of adolescents.

- Challenges and Opportunities:
While the large size of the adolescent population in India presents challenges, it also offers opportunities for the country's progress. By investing in their education, health, and well-being, India can harness the potential of its young population and create a positive demographic dividend that can contribute to the nation's growth.

In conclusion, the size of the adolescent population is the most significant feature of the Indian population. It has implications for education, economic productivity, and social development. By addressing the challenges and investing in the well-being and empowerment of this demographic group, India can reap the benefits of its young population and pave the way for a brighter future.

Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh

Explanation:

India is a vast country with a significant east-west extent, spanning over 30 degrees of longitude. Due to this, the country experiences a time lag from west to east. The time difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is approximately two hours.

Reasons for Time Lag:

1. Earth's Rotation:

The time difference between two places is primarily due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. The Earth rotates from west to east, so the places towards the east of a given location will experience sunrise and sunset earlier than the places towards its west.

2. Longitude Difference:

As mentioned earlier, India has a vast east-west extent, spanning over 30 degrees of longitude. This means that the easternmost point of India (Kibithoo in Arunachal Pradesh) is approximately two hours ahead of the westernmost point of India (Gujarat) in terms of time.

3. Time Zones:

To maintain uniformity in time across the country, India has been divided into different time zones. There are two time zones in India - Indian Standard Time (IST) and Indian Ocean Time (IOT). IST is used in most parts of the country, while IOT is used in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the time lag of two hours from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh is primarily due to the vast east-west extent of India, which results in a significant difference in longitude between the two places. The rotation of the Earth and the division of India into different time zones also contribute to this time difference.

Vegetation Zone for Silver Fur

The correct answer is option 'C', i.e., Montane forests.

Montane forests are located in mountainous regions, usually at higher altitudes. They are characterized by cool temperatures, high rainfall, and diverse species of plants and animals. The vegetation in these forests is typically dense and includes a mix of evergreen and deciduous trees.

Silver fur is a type of small mammal that is found in montane forests. These animals have a silver-gray colored fur, which helps them blend in with their surroundings and avoid detection from predators. They are primarily found in South America, particularly in the Andes mountain range.

Reasons for Silver Fur’s Habitat in Montane Forests

There are several reasons why silver fur is found in montane forests:

1. Habitat: Montane forests provide an ideal habitat for silver fur. The dense vegetation provides cover and protection from predators, while the cool temperatures and high rainfall create a suitable environment for these animals to thrive.

2. Food: Silver fur primarily feeds on insects and other small invertebrates. Montane forests are home to a wide range of these creatures, providing a plentiful food source for silver fur.

3. Altitude: Silver fur is adapted to living at higher altitudes. Montane forests are found at elevations ranging from 1,000 to 3,500 meters, which is within the preferred range for silver fur.

Conclusion

In conclusion, silver fur is found in montane forests due to the habitat, food sources, and altitude that these forests provide. These animals are adapted to living in mountainous regions and have developed physical characteristics like silver-gray fur to help them survive in their environment.

Nilgiri is a bio reserve of India.
it's not need explain

Importance of Relief in Determining Climate

Relief, also known as topography, plays a major role in determining the climate of a place, along with other factors such as latitude, altitude, wind patterns, ocean currents, and distance from the sea. Relief refers to the physical features of the land, such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus, which affect the distribution of temperature, precipitation, and vegetation.

Elevation and Temperature

One of the most important ways in which relief affects climate is through elevation. As altitude increases, temperature decreases, and vice versa. This is because air becomes thinner and less dense at higher altitudes, which means that it can hold less heat. Therefore, mountainous regions tend to be cooler than low-lying areas at the same latitude. For example, the Himalayas in Asia and the Andes in South America are much colder than the surrounding regions.

Mountain Barriers and Precipitation

Relief also affects precipitation patterns because mountains can act as barriers to the movement of air masses. When warm, moist air from the ocean encounters a mountain range, it is forced to rise and cool, which causes the water vapor to condense and form clouds. These clouds can then produce precipitation on the windward side of the mountain, which is the side facing the prevailing winds. The leeward side of the mountain, on the other hand, tends to be dry because the descending air is warmed and dries out.

Coastal vs. Inland Climate

Another way in which relief affects climate is through its influence on the proximity of a place to the sea. Coastal areas tend to have milder and more moderate climates than inland areas, which are subject to greater temperature extremes. This is because the sea has a moderating effect on temperature, which means that it takes longer to warm up and cool down than the land. Therefore, coastal areas have cooler summers and warmer winters than inland areas at the same latitude. Additionally, coastal areas tend to have higher humidity and more precipitation than inland areas because of the presence of moist sea air.

In conclusion, relief plays a major role in determining the climate of a place. It affects temperature, precipitation, and vegetation by influencing factors such as elevation, mountain barriers, and proximity to the sea. Therefore, it is important to consider relief when studying and predicting climate patterns.

D