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All questions of Geomatics Engineering (Surveying) for Civil Engineering (CE) Exam
The correction to be applied to each 30 metre chain length along θ° slope, is
- a)30 (cosθ - 1)m
- b)30 (sinθ - 1)m
- c)30 (secθ - 1)m,
- d)30 (tanθ - 1)m
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The correction to be applied to each 30 metre chain length along θ° slope, is
a)
30 (cosθ - 1)m
b)
30 (sinθ - 1)m
c)
30 (secθ - 1)m,
d)
30 (tanθ - 1)m
|
Aniket Pillai answered |
The survey line is called the chaining correction. This correction takes into account any errors or variations in the length of the chain due to temperature, tension, or wear and tear. The chaining correction is usually calculated by measuring the true length of the chain against a standard reference length and then applying a correction factor to each chain length along the survey line. This ensures that the survey measurements are accurate and reliable.
The RL, of the point A which is on the floor is 100 m and back sight reading on A is 2.455 m. If the foresight reading on the point B which is one the ceiling is 2.745 m, the RL of point B will be- a)94.80 m
- b)99.71 m
- c)100.29 m
- d)105.20
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The RL, of the point A which is on the floor is 100 m and back sight reading on A is 2.455 m. If the foresight reading on the point B which is one the ceiling is 2.745 m, the RL of point B will be
a)
94.80 m
b)
99.71 m
c)
100.29 m
d)
105.20
|
Srestha Khanna answered |
Since the staff at the elevated point B on the ceiling is held vertically inverted
RL of B = RL of A + B.S.on A + FS on B
= 100 + 2.455 + 2.745 = 105.20 m
RL of B = RL of A + B.S.on A + FS on B
= 100 + 2.455 + 2.745 = 105.20 m
As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively
- a)+ and -
- b)- and +
- c)+ and +
- d)- and -
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
As applied to staff readings, the corrections for curvature and refraction are respectively
a)
+ and -
b)
- and +
c)
+ and +
d)
- and -
|
Gate Gurus answered |
The curvature increases the staff reading, hence its correction is negative. The rays of light when passing through the atmosphere bend down and follows a curved path, hence correction is positive.
Correction due to curvature = -0.0785D2
Correction due to refraction = 0.0112D2
Combined correction = -0.0673D2
The instrument which is used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly without resorting fo chaining, is known as- a)Plane alidade
- b)telescopic alidade
- c)clinometer
- d)tacheometer
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The instrument which is used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly without resorting fo chaining, is known as
a)
Plane alidade
b)
telescopic alidade
c)
clinometer
d)
tacheometer
|
|
Nitya Nambiar answered |
Telescopic Alidade: The Instrument for Obtaining Horizontal and Vertical Distances in Plane Tabling
Introduction:
In plane tabling, a surveying method used to obtain accurate topographic maps, various instruments are used to measure horizontal and vertical distances. One such instrument is the telescopic alidade. The telescopic alidade is an essential tool in plane tabling as it allows surveyors to obtain horizontal and vertical distances directly without the need for chaining.
Explanation:
The telescopic alidade consists of a telescope mounted on a tripod. It is equipped with various features that enable accurate measurements in plane tabling surveys.
Horizontal Distance:
To measure horizontal distances, the telescopic alidade is fitted with a stadia diaphragm. This diaphragm has horizontal crosshairs and stadia hairs. The horizontal crosshairs help align the telescope with the target, while the stadia hairs allow the surveyor to measure the distance between the instrument and the target. By measuring the subtended stadia interval on the stadia hairs, the horizontal distance can be directly obtained.
Vertical Distance:
For measuring vertical distances, the telescopic alidade is equipped with a vertical arc or clinometer. The vertical arc is graduated in degrees, allowing the surveyor to measure the vertical angles of inclination or depression. By measuring the vertical angle, along with the known horizontal distance, the vertical distance can be calculated using trigonometric principles.
Advantages of Telescopic Alidade:
1. Efficiency: The telescopic alidade allows surveyors to obtain horizontal and vertical distances directly, eliminating the need for time-consuming chaining.
2. Accuracy: The instrument provides precise measurements due to the use of stadia hairs and the ability to read vertical angles.
3. Portability: The telescopic alidade is lightweight and can be easily transported, making it suitable for fieldwork and plane table surveys.
4. Versatility: It can be used in various surveying applications, including topographic mapping, contouring, and construction layout.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the telescopic alidade is a crucial instrument used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly. Its features, such as the stadia diaphragm and vertical arc, enable surveyors to measure distances accurately and efficiently.
Introduction:
In plane tabling, a surveying method used to obtain accurate topographic maps, various instruments are used to measure horizontal and vertical distances. One such instrument is the telescopic alidade. The telescopic alidade is an essential tool in plane tabling as it allows surveyors to obtain horizontal and vertical distances directly without the need for chaining.
Explanation:
The telescopic alidade consists of a telescope mounted on a tripod. It is equipped with various features that enable accurate measurements in plane tabling surveys.
Horizontal Distance:
To measure horizontal distances, the telescopic alidade is fitted with a stadia diaphragm. This diaphragm has horizontal crosshairs and stadia hairs. The horizontal crosshairs help align the telescope with the target, while the stadia hairs allow the surveyor to measure the distance between the instrument and the target. By measuring the subtended stadia interval on the stadia hairs, the horizontal distance can be directly obtained.
Vertical Distance:
For measuring vertical distances, the telescopic alidade is equipped with a vertical arc or clinometer. The vertical arc is graduated in degrees, allowing the surveyor to measure the vertical angles of inclination or depression. By measuring the vertical angle, along with the known horizontal distance, the vertical distance can be calculated using trigonometric principles.
Advantages of Telescopic Alidade:
1. Efficiency: The telescopic alidade allows surveyors to obtain horizontal and vertical distances directly, eliminating the need for time-consuming chaining.
2. Accuracy: The instrument provides precise measurements due to the use of stadia hairs and the ability to read vertical angles.
3. Portability: The telescopic alidade is lightweight and can be easily transported, making it suitable for fieldwork and plane table surveys.
4. Versatility: It can be used in various surveying applications, including topographic mapping, contouring, and construction layout.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the telescopic alidade is a crucial instrument used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly. Its features, such as the stadia diaphragm and vertical arc, enable surveyors to measure distances accurately and efficiently.
The relationship between tropical year TY and sidereal year SY is- a)TY > SY
- b)TY < SY
- c)TY = SY
- d)Any of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
The relationship between tropical year TY and sidereal year SY is
a)
TY > SY
b)
TY < SY
c)
TY = SY
d)
Any of the above
|
Tanvi Shah answered |
Tropical year = 365.2422 mean solar days.
Sidereal year = 365.2564 mean solar days.
Sidereal year = 365.2564 mean solar days.
If the coordinates bf A are 100 N and 200 E and those of Care 100 S end 200 E, then the length AC is- a)400.00
- b)282.84
- c)244.94
- d)200.00
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
If the coordinates bf A are 100 N and 200 E and those of Care 100 S end 200 E, then the length AC is
a)
400.00
b)
282.84
c)
244.94
d)
200.00
|
|
Naina Das answered |
Given information:
Coordinates of A: 100 N and 200 E
Coordinates of C: 100 S and 200 E
To find: Length of AC
Approach:
1. Draw a rough diagram with the given coordinates.
2. Calculate the difference in latitude and longitude between A and C.
3. Use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the distance between A and C.
Calculation:
1. The given coordinates can be plotted on a map as shown below.
```
A (100 N, 200 E)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C (100 S, 200 E)
```
2. The difference in latitude between A and C is 100 N - 100 S = 200 units (since one degree of latitude is equal to 60 nautical miles or 111.12 km).
The difference in longitude between A and C is 200 E - 200 E = 0 units (since the two points are on the same longitude).
3. The distance between A and C can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as follows:
```
AC² = (latitude difference)² + (longitude difference)²
AC² = 200² + 0²
AC² = 40,000
AC = √40,000
AC = 200 units
```
Therefore, the length of AC is 200.00 units.
Answer: option D.
Coordinates of A: 100 N and 200 E
Coordinates of C: 100 S and 200 E
To find: Length of AC
Approach:
1. Draw a rough diagram with the given coordinates.
2. Calculate the difference in latitude and longitude between A and C.
3. Use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate the distance between A and C.
Calculation:
1. The given coordinates can be plotted on a map as shown below.
```
A (100 N, 200 E)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C (100 S, 200 E)
```
2. The difference in latitude between A and C is 100 N - 100 S = 200 units (since one degree of latitude is equal to 60 nautical miles or 111.12 km).
The difference in longitude between A and C is 200 E - 200 E = 0 units (since the two points are on the same longitude).
3. The distance between A and C can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as follows:
```
AC² = (latitude difference)² + (longitude difference)²
AC² = 200² + 0²
AC² = 40,000
AC = √40,000
AC = 200 units
```
Therefore, the length of AC is 200.00 units.
Answer: option D.
What is the magnetic declination at a place if the magnetic bearing of the sun at noon is 184°- a)4°W
- b)4°E
- c)176°W
- d)176°E
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
What is the magnetic declination at a place if the magnetic bearing of the sun at noon is 184°
a)
4°W
b)
4°E
c)
176°W
d)
176°E
|
Zoya Sharma answered |
True bearing
= Magnetic bearing + Declination
∴ 180° = 184° + Declination
or Declination = -4° = 4°W
= Magnetic bearing + Declination
∴ 180° = 184° + Declination
or Declination = -4° = 4°W
Closed contours, with higher value inwards, represent a- a)depression
- b)hillock
- c)plain surface
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Closed contours, with higher value inwards, represent a
a)
depression
b)
hillock
c)
plain surface
d)
None of the above
|
Gate Funda answered |
Closed contours with higher values inwards represent a depression.
Explanation:
- Depression: In topographic maps, a depression is shown by closed contours with the highest elevation in the center. These contours are typically marked with hachure lines (short lines) pointing towards the center of the depression to indicate that the terrain dips downward.
- Hillock: A hillock would have the highest elevation at the center, with contours arranged around it in concentric circles, representing a rise in elevation, not a depression.
- Plain Surface: A plain would be represented by evenly spaced, straight, or gently curved contours, showing a flat or nearly level surface.
Answer:
Transit rule of balancing a traverse is applied when- a)the linear and angular measurements are of same precision.
- b)the linear measurements are more precise than angular measurements.
- c)the angular measurements are more precise than linear measurements.
- d)the linear measurements are proportional to l and angular measurements are proportional to (1/l) where l is the length of the line.
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Transit rule of balancing a traverse is applied when
a)
the linear and angular measurements are of same precision.
b)
the linear measurements are more precise than angular measurements.
c)
the angular measurements are more precise than linear measurements.
d)
the linear measurements are proportional to l and angular measurements are proportional to (1/l) where l is the length of the line.
|
Aditya Deshmukh answered |
The Transit Rule of Balancing a Traverse, also known as the Compass Rule, states that when the angular measurements are more precise than the linear measurements, the angular measurements should be used to balance the traverse.
When the linear measurements are more precise than the angular measurements, it is more appropriate to use the Distance Rule, also known as the Chain Rule. In this case, the linear measurements are used to balance the traverse.
It's crucial to have in mind that the Transit Rule and the Distance Rule are applied in different conditions, as they are used to balance the traverse differently depending on the precision of the measurements.
The option "d" is not correct because the Transit rule depends on the precision of the measurements and the proportionality of measurements with respect to length is not affecting the decision of choosing the rule.
Offsets are
- a)parallel lines erected from chain lines
- b)lateral measurements made with respect to main survey lines
- c)taken to avoid unnecessary walking between stations
- d)measurements which are not made at right angles to the chain line
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Offsets are
a)
parallel lines erected from chain lines
b)
lateral measurements made with respect to main survey lines
c)
taken to avoid unnecessary walking between stations
d)
measurements which are not made at right angles to the chain line
|
|
Sankar Dasgupta answered |
In surveying, offsets are lateral measurements taken from the main survey line (baseline) to plot the position of different points or objects. These measurements are generally taken at a right angle to the main survey lines, helping to create an accurate representation of the area being surveyed.
For example, if a surveyor is measuring a piece of land with a building on it, they would first establish the main survey line (baseline) and then measure the distance from the line to the corners of the building. These lateral measurements are called offsets.
Offsets allow surveyors to accurately map the location of various features on a piece of land, such as buildings, fences, or natural features like streams or trees. This information is then used to create maps, plan construction projects, or establish property boundaries.
For example, if a surveyor is measuring a piece of land with a building on it, they would first establish the main survey line (baseline) and then measure the distance from the line to the corners of the building. These lateral measurements are called offsets.
Offsets allow surveyors to accurately map the location of various features on a piece of land, such as buildings, fences, or natural features like streams or trees. This information is then used to create maps, plan construction projects, or establish property boundaries.
Which one of the following surveys is employed for collecting sufficient data in connection with sewage disposal and water supply works?- a)Topographic survey
- b)Cadastral survey
- c)Geodetic survey
- d)Cross-sectioning and profile levelling
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following surveys is employed for collecting sufficient data in connection with sewage disposal and water supply works?
a)
Topographic survey
b)
Cadastral survey
c)
Geodetic survey
d)
Cross-sectioning and profile levelling
|
|
Ankit Joshi answered |
Cadastral Survey: to establish a boundary of properties for legal use
Topographical Survey: Surveys which are carried out to depict mountains, rivers, water bodies, wooded areas and other cultural details
Geodetic Survey: Considering earth’s curvature. Usually used when area to be surveyed is greater than 260 sq.km
Cross-Sectioning and Profile Levelling- Collecting sufficient data in connection with sewage disposal and water supply works
City Survey: survey of city
Guide Map Survey: For showing relief by contours and spot heights.
Topographical Survey: Surveys which are carried out to depict mountains, rivers, water bodies, wooded areas and other cultural details
Geodetic Survey: Considering earth’s curvature. Usually used when area to be surveyed is greater than 260 sq.km
Cross-Sectioning and Profile Levelling- Collecting sufficient data in connection with sewage disposal and water supply works
City Survey: survey of city
Guide Map Survey: For showing relief by contours and spot heights.
The correction for refraction as applied to staff reading is
where R is radius of earth- a)
- b)
- c)
- d)
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The correction for refraction as applied to staff reading is
where R is radius of earth
where R is radius of earth
a)
b)
c)
d)
|
Sanya Agarwal answered |
Correction due to refraction is approximately about 1/7th of correction due to earth curvature.
CR = 1/7 Cc
= 1/7[d2/2R]
CR = 1/7 Cc
= 1/7[d2/2R]
In reciprocal levelling, the error which is not completely eliminated, is due to
- a)earth’s curvature
- b)non-adjustment of line of collimation
- c)refraction
- d)non-adjustment of the bubble tube
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In reciprocal levelling, the error which is not completely eliminated, is due to
a)
earth’s curvature
b)
non-adjustment of line of collimation
c)
refraction
d)
non-adjustment of the bubble tube
|
Rajeev Sharma answered |
Reciprocal Leveling:
- This technique of leveling work is used to find the exact height difference or to find the exact RL(Reduce level) of the point by equalizing the distance when there is a large obstruction like a river, ponds, lakes, etc. in direction of the survey.
-
It eliminates the following errors:i) error in instrument adjustments i.e error due to collimationii) the combined effect of Earth's curvature and the refraction of the atmosphereiii) variation in the average refraction.
Which of the following is an obstacle to chaining but not to ranging?
- a)river
- b)hillock
- c)building
- d)none of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following is an obstacle to chaining but not to ranging?
a)
river
b)
hillock
c)
building
d)
none of the above
|
Telecom Tuners answered |
Obstacles to chaining:
- Cases often occur in the field where the distance between two points is required, but direct chaining from one point to the other is impossible because of some sort of obstacle.
- A river and pond is an obstacle to chaining but not ranging.
The representative fraction 1/2500 means that the scale 1 cm is equal to- a)0.25 m
- b)2,5 m
- c)25 m
- d)2.5 km
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The representative fraction 1/2500 means that the scale 1 cm is equal to
a)
0.25 m
b)
2,5 m
c)
25 m
d)
2.5 km
|
|
Priyanka Shah answered |
1/2500 means
1 cm = 2500 cm
∴ 1 cm = 25 m
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by - a) reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
- b)taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
- c)double sighting
- d)taking mean of several readings distributed over different'portions of the graduated circle.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes can be eliminated by
a)
reading both verniers and taking the mean of the two
b)
taking both face observations and taking the mean of the two
c)
double sighting
d)
taking mean of several readings distributed over different'portions of the graduated circle.
|
|
Juhi Choudhary answered |
Error due to eccentricity of inner and outer axes means that the centre of graduated horizontal circle does not coincide with the centre of vernier plate.
An observer standing on the deck of a ship just sees the top of a lighthouse which is 30 m above the sea level. If the height of the observer’s eye is 10 m above the sea level, then the distance of the observer from the lighthouse will be nearly- a)22.5 km
- b)24.3 km
- c)33.3 km
- d)59.7 km
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
An observer standing on the deck of a ship just sees the top of a lighthouse which is 30 m above the sea level. If the height of the observer’s eye is 10 m above the sea level, then the distance of the observer from the lighthouse will be nearly
a)
22.5 km
b)
24.3 km
c)
33.3 km
d)
59.7 km
|
Sneha Roy answered |
Above the sea level is 10 m, then what is the distance between the ship and the lighthouse?
We can use trigonometry to solve the problem. Let's draw a diagram:
```
A (lighthouse)
|\
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
|θ \
| \
| \
| \
O (observer)
|
|
|
|
S (ship)
```
We want to find the distance OS. We know that the height of the lighthouse is 30 m, the height of the observer is 10 m, and we can assume that the angle θ is small enough that we can use the approximation tan(θ) ≈ θ. Then we have:
tan(θ) = OA / OA'
tan(θ) = 30 / OS
θ = tan^-1(30 / OS)
tan(θ) = OB / OA'
tan(θ) = 10 / OS
θ = tan^-1(10 / OS)
Setting these two expressions for θ equal to each other, we get:
tan^-1(30 / OS) = tan^-1(10 / OS)
30 / OS = 10 / OS
OS = 20
Therefore, the distance between the ship and the lighthouse is 20 meters.
We can use trigonometry to solve the problem. Let's draw a diagram:
```
A (lighthouse)
|\
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
| \
|θ \
| \
| \
| \
O (observer)
|
|
|
|
S (ship)
```
We want to find the distance OS. We know that the height of the lighthouse is 30 m, the height of the observer is 10 m, and we can assume that the angle θ is small enough that we can use the approximation tan(θ) ≈ θ. Then we have:
tan(θ) = OA / OA'
tan(θ) = 30 / OS
θ = tan^-1(30 / OS)
tan(θ) = OB / OA'
tan(θ) = 10 / OS
θ = tan^-1(10 / OS)
Setting these two expressions for θ equal to each other, we get:
tan^-1(30 / OS) = tan^-1(10 / OS)
30 / OS = 10 / OS
OS = 20
Therefore, the distance between the ship and the lighthouse is 20 meters.
In a closed traverse, the sum of south latitudes exceeds the sum of north latitudes and the sum of east departures exceeds the sum of west departures. The closing line will lie in the- a)N-W quadrant
- b)N-E quadrant
- c)S-E quadrant
- d)S-W quadrant
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In a closed traverse, the sum of south latitudes exceeds the sum of north latitudes and the sum of east departures exceeds the sum of west departures. The closing line will lie in the
a)
N-W quadrant
b)
N-E quadrant
c)
S-E quadrant
d)
S-W quadrant
|
|
Juhi Choudhary answered |
The closing line will have south latitude and east departure. Therefore it will lie in S-E quadrant.
Which one of the following instruments is used in plane table surveying for the measurement of horizontal and vertical distances directly?
- a)Telescopic alidade
- b)Plain alidade
- c)Tacheometer
- d)Clinometer
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following instruments is used in plane table surveying for the measurement of horizontal and vertical distances directly?
a)
Telescopic alidade
b)
Plain alidade
c)
Tacheometer
d)
Clinometer
|
|
Sanya Agarwal answered |
Telescopic alidade
Explanation:
Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which the fieldwork and plotting are done simultaneously. It is used to map the details of the topography of the land. The main instrument used in plane table surveying is the alidade. There are different types of alidades, such as plain alidade and telescopic alidade.
1. Telescopic alidade: This is an alidade with a small telescope mounted on it. The telescope helps in sighting more accurately and can measure horizontal and vertical distances directly. It has a stadia diaphragm with horizontal stadia hairs, which allows for the direct measurement of distances by multiplying the staff intercept by the stadia multiplying constant. Thus, telescopic alidade is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which the fieldwork and plotting are done simultaneously. It is used to map the details of the topography of the land. The main instrument used in plane table surveying is the alidade. There are different types of alidades, such as plain alidade and telescopic alidade.
1. Telescopic alidade: This is an alidade with a small telescope mounted on it. The telescope helps in sighting more accurately and can measure horizontal and vertical distances directly. It has a stadia diaphragm with horizontal stadia hairs, which allows for the direct measurement of distances by multiplying the staff intercept by the stadia multiplying constant. Thus, telescopic alidade is the correct answer.
2. Plain alidade: This is a simple, straight-edged ruler with a vertical sight vane at each end. It is used for sighting and drawing lines on the plane table sheet. However, it does not provide direct measurement of distances.
3. Tacheometer: This is a type of theodolite with a stadia diaphragm, specially designed for rapid measurements of horizontal and vertical distances. It is not used in plane table surveying.
4. Clinometer: This is an instrument used to measure the angles of slope or elevation of an object with respect to gravity. It is not used in plane table surveying for the direct measurement of horizontal and vertical distances.
3. Tacheometer: This is a type of theodolite with a stadia diaphragm, specially designed for rapid measurements of horizontal and vertical distances. It is not used in plane table surveying.
4. Clinometer: This is an instrument used to measure the angles of slope or elevation of an object with respect to gravity. It is not used in plane table surveying for the direct measurement of horizontal and vertical distances.
Which one of the following is carried out by two theodolite method?- a)Circular curve ranging
- b)Tacheometric survey
- c)Geodetic survey
- d)Astronomical survey
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following is carried out by two theodolite method?
a)
Circular curve ranging
b)
Tacheometric survey
c)
Geodetic survey
d)
Astronomical survey
|
|
Simran Saha answered |
Circular Curve Ranging using Two Theodolite Method
Circular curve ranging is a process of determining the position of points on a curve with respect to a given reference line. Two theodolite method is a common technique used to carry out circular curve ranging. This method involves the use of two theodolites placed at two stations on the reference line.
Steps involved in circular curve ranging using two theodolite method:
1. Setting up the theodolites: Two theodolites are set up at two stations on the reference line. The distance between the two stations should be at least equal to the radius of the curve.
2. Taking readings: The theodolites are used to take readings of the angles between the reference line and the tangent at each point on the curve. The readings are taken from both the stations.
3. Calculating the position of points on the curve: The angles measured at each point on the curve are used to calculate the position of the point with respect to the reference line. This calculation involves trigonometry and geometry.
4. Plotting the curve: The points calculated in the previous step are plotted on a graph to obtain the curve.
Advantages of two theodolite method:
1. It is a simple and accurate method of circular curve ranging.
2. It can be used in areas with difficult terrain.
3. It is relatively inexpensive compared to other methods.
Disadvantages of two theodolite method:
1. It requires skilled personnel to operate the instruments.
2. It is time-consuming and may take longer to complete compared to other methods.
Conclusion:
Circular curve ranging using two theodolite method is a useful technique in civil engineering for determining the position of points on a curve with respect to a reference line. It is a simple and accurate method that can be used in a variety of situations. However, it does require skilled personnel to operate the instruments and can be time-consuming.
Circular curve ranging is a process of determining the position of points on a curve with respect to a given reference line. Two theodolite method is a common technique used to carry out circular curve ranging. This method involves the use of two theodolites placed at two stations on the reference line.
Steps involved in circular curve ranging using two theodolite method:
1. Setting up the theodolites: Two theodolites are set up at two stations on the reference line. The distance between the two stations should be at least equal to the radius of the curve.
2. Taking readings: The theodolites are used to take readings of the angles between the reference line and the tangent at each point on the curve. The readings are taken from both the stations.
3. Calculating the position of points on the curve: The angles measured at each point on the curve are used to calculate the position of the point with respect to the reference line. This calculation involves trigonometry and geometry.
4. Plotting the curve: The points calculated in the previous step are plotted on a graph to obtain the curve.
Advantages of two theodolite method:
1. It is a simple and accurate method of circular curve ranging.
2. It can be used in areas with difficult terrain.
3. It is relatively inexpensive compared to other methods.
Disadvantages of two theodolite method:
1. It requires skilled personnel to operate the instruments.
2. It is time-consuming and may take longer to complete compared to other methods.
Conclusion:
Circular curve ranging using two theodolite method is a useful technique in civil engineering for determining the position of points on a curve with respect to a reference line. It is a simple and accurate method that can be used in a variety of situations. However, it does require skilled personnel to operate the instruments and can be time-consuming.
Geodetic surveying is different from plane surveying because of- a)the curvature of earth
- b)the large difference of elevations between various points
- c)coverage of very large area
- d)undulations of very large area
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Geodetic surveying is different from plane surveying because of
a)
the curvature of earth
b)
the large difference of elevations between various points
c)
coverage of very large area
d)
undulations of very large area
|
|
Ameya Roy answered |
Geodetic Surveying:
Geodetic surveying is a type of surveying that takes into account the curvature of the earth. It is used to accurately measure large distances and areas, such as the size and shape of the earth, the location of continents, and the distances between them.
Difference from Plane Surveying:
Plane surveying, on the other hand, assumes that the earth is flat and is used to measure smaller distances and areas. The main difference between geodetic and plane surveying is the curvature of the earth.
Importance of the Curvature of the Earth:
The curvature of the earth is an important factor in geodetic surveying because it affects the accuracy of measurements over large distances. When measuring over a long distance, the curvature of the earth must be taken into account to ensure that the measurements are accurate. Failure to take the curvature of the earth into account can result in significant errors in measurements.
Applications of Geodetic Surveying:
Geodetic surveying is used in a wide range of applications, including:
- Mapping of large areas such as continents, countries, and regions
- Navigation and positioning of ships, airplanes, and other vehicles
- Determination of the size and shape of the earth
- Monitoring of changes in the earth's surface, such as tectonic movements, sea level changes, and the melting of ice caps
- Planning and construction of large-scale engineering projects such as bridges, tunnels, and dams
Conclusion:
In conclusion, geodetic surveying is different from plane surveying because it takes into account the curvature of the earth, which is an important factor in accurately measuring large distances and areas. It is used in a wide range of applications, from mapping large areas to the planning and construction of large-scale engineering projects.
Geodetic surveying is a type of surveying that takes into account the curvature of the earth. It is used to accurately measure large distances and areas, such as the size and shape of the earth, the location of continents, and the distances between them.
Difference from Plane Surveying:
Plane surveying, on the other hand, assumes that the earth is flat and is used to measure smaller distances and areas. The main difference between geodetic and plane surveying is the curvature of the earth.
Importance of the Curvature of the Earth:
The curvature of the earth is an important factor in geodetic surveying because it affects the accuracy of measurements over large distances. When measuring over a long distance, the curvature of the earth must be taken into account to ensure that the measurements are accurate. Failure to take the curvature of the earth into account can result in significant errors in measurements.
Applications of Geodetic Surveying:
Geodetic surveying is used in a wide range of applications, including:
- Mapping of large areas such as continents, countries, and regions
- Navigation and positioning of ships, airplanes, and other vehicles
- Determination of the size and shape of the earth
- Monitoring of changes in the earth's surface, such as tectonic movements, sea level changes, and the melting of ice caps
- Planning and construction of large-scale engineering projects such as bridges, tunnels, and dams
Conclusion:
In conclusion, geodetic surveying is different from plane surveying because it takes into account the curvature of the earth, which is an important factor in accurately measuring large distances and areas. It is used in a wide range of applications, from mapping large areas to the planning and construction of large-scale engineering projects.
Theory of probability is applied to
- a)both accidental and cumulative errors
- b)cumulative errors only
- c)accidental errors only
- d)none of the above
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Theory of probability is applied to
a)
both accidental and cumulative errors
b)
cumulative errors only
c)
accidental errors only
d)
none of the above
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
Laws of accidental errors follow the probability law, which is having a definite law for accidental error occurrence. It defines the errors and helps in expressing them in the form of equations.
If the declination is 5°40'W, which one of the following magnetic bearing would represent the true bearing of S25°20'E?- a)S19°20'E
- b)S31°0'E
- c)S20°0'E
- d)S19°20'W
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
If the declination is 5°40'W, which one of the following magnetic bearing would represent the true bearing of S25°20'E?
a)
S19°20'E
b)
S31°0'E
c)
S20°0'E
d)
S19°20'W
|
|
Sreemoyee Deshpande answered |
Note that negative (W) declination should be added to quadrantal bearing in second and fourth quadrant i.e. NθW or SθE and it should be subtracted from quadrantal bearing in first and third quadrant i.e., NθE and SθW. Reverse should be done for positive (E) declination.
True bearing = S25°20'E+5°40'
= S31°0'E
True bearing = S25°20'E+5°40'
= S31°0'E
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that- a)level line is a curved line while horizontal line is a straight line
- b)level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plump line at the tangent point to level line
- c)horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
- d)both are same
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The difference between a level line and a horizontal line is that
a)
level line is a curved line while horizontal line is a straight line
b)
level line is normal to plumb line while horizontal line may not be normal to plump line at the tangent point to level line
c)
horizontal line is normal to plumb line while level line may not be normal to the plumb line
d)
both are same
|
|
Maulik Joshi answered |
Level Line vs Horizontal Line
Definition of Level Line and Horizontal Line:
- Level Line: A level line is a curved line on the Earth's surface that is perpendicular to the plumb line at all points. It represents a line of constant elevation or altitude.
- Horizontal Line: A horizontal line is a straight line on a plane that is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line. It represents a line of constant height or depth.
Difference between Level Line and Horizontal Line:
- Shape: A level line is a curved line, while a horizontal line is a straight line.
- Orientation: A level line is perpendicular to the plumb line at all points, while a horizontal line is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line only at its tangent point.
- Meaning: A level line represents a line of constant elevation or altitude, while a horizontal line represents a line of constant height or depth.
Examples:
- A contour line on a topographic map is a level line because it connects points of equal elevation.
- The horizon is a horizontal line because it represents the line where the sky meets the earth.
Conclusion:
Level lines and horizontal lines are different in terms of shape, orientation, and meaning. A level line is a curved line on the Earth's surface that is always perpendicular to the plumb line, while a horizontal line is a straight line on a plane that is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line only at its tangent point.
Definition of Level Line and Horizontal Line:
- Level Line: A level line is a curved line on the Earth's surface that is perpendicular to the plumb line at all points. It represents a line of constant elevation or altitude.
- Horizontal Line: A horizontal line is a straight line on a plane that is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line. It represents a line of constant height or depth.
Difference between Level Line and Horizontal Line:
- Shape: A level line is a curved line, while a horizontal line is a straight line.
- Orientation: A level line is perpendicular to the plumb line at all points, while a horizontal line is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line only at its tangent point.
- Meaning: A level line represents a line of constant elevation or altitude, while a horizontal line represents a line of constant height or depth.
Examples:
- A contour line on a topographic map is a level line because it connects points of equal elevation.
- The horizon is a horizontal line because it represents the line where the sky meets the earth.
Conclusion:
Level lines and horizontal lines are different in terms of shape, orientation, and meaning. A level line is a curved line on the Earth's surface that is always perpendicular to the plumb line, while a horizontal line is a straight line on a plane that is perpendicular to the vertical or plumb line only at its tangent point.
A ‘level line’ is a- a)horizontal line
- b)line parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of earth
- c)line passing through the centre of cross hairs and the centre of eye piece
- d)line passing through the objective lens and the eyepiece of a dumpy or tilting level
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A ‘level line’ is a
a)
horizontal line
b)
line parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of earth
c)
line passing through the centre of cross hairs and the centre of eye piece
d)
line passing through the objective lens and the eyepiece of a dumpy or tilting level
|
|
Naina Das answered |
There are many words that start with the letter "A". Some examples include:
- Apple
- Animal
- Air
- Art
- Ant
- Adventure
- Amazing
- Alphabet
- Angel
- Arm
- Apple
- Animal
- Air
- Art
- Ant
- Adventure
- Amazing
- Alphabet
- Angel
- Arm
What is a systematic error?
- a)It is a compensating error
- b)It is a cumulative error that occurs under the same conditions
- c)It is an error that occurs because of change of temperature
- d)It is an error that occurs due to faulty adjustments of the instruments.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
What is a systematic error?
a)
It is a compensating error
b)
It is a cumulative error that occurs under the same conditions
c)
It is an error that occurs because of change of temperature
d)
It is an error that occurs due to faulty adjustments of the instruments.
|
|
Sankar Rane answered |
Systematic Error
Systematic error is a type of error that occurs consistently in the same direction in a series of measurements. It arises due to a flaw in the measuring instrument or a mistake in the experimental setup. Unlike random error, systematic error cannot be reduced by increasing the number of measurements.
Explanation
Option B is the correct answer because a systematic error occurs due to a change in temperature. Systematic error is also known as bias error, and it can arise due to many factors such as instrument calibration, environmental conditions, and human error. In this case, change in temperature can cause the instrument to expand or contract, leading to inaccurate readings. For example, a thermometer that is calibrated at room temperature may give incorrect readings when used in a hot or cold environment.
Other Causes of Systematic Error
Apart from change in temperature, there are other causes of systematic error, which include:
1. Faulty adjustments of the instruments - If the instruments used in an experiment are not calibrated correctly, they can produce inaccurate readings.
2. Human error - Human error can occur when an experimenter consistently makes the same mistake while conducting an experiment.
3. Instrument drift - Over time, instruments can become less accurate due to wear and tear or aging, leading to systematic error.
4. Environmental conditions - Changes in humidity, pressure, or other environmental conditions can affect the accuracy of an instrument.
Conclusion
In conclusion, systematic error is a type of error that occurs consistently in the same direction in a series of measurements. It arises due to a flaw in the measuring instrument or a mistake in the experimental setup. Option B is the correct answer as a change in temperature is one of the causes of systematic error.
Systematic error is a type of error that occurs consistently in the same direction in a series of measurements. It arises due to a flaw in the measuring instrument or a mistake in the experimental setup. Unlike random error, systematic error cannot be reduced by increasing the number of measurements.
Explanation
Option B is the correct answer because a systematic error occurs due to a change in temperature. Systematic error is also known as bias error, and it can arise due to many factors such as instrument calibration, environmental conditions, and human error. In this case, change in temperature can cause the instrument to expand or contract, leading to inaccurate readings. For example, a thermometer that is calibrated at room temperature may give incorrect readings when used in a hot or cold environment.
Other Causes of Systematic Error
Apart from change in temperature, there are other causes of systematic error, which include:
1. Faulty adjustments of the instruments - If the instruments used in an experiment are not calibrated correctly, they can produce inaccurate readings.
2. Human error - Human error can occur when an experimenter consistently makes the same mistake while conducting an experiment.
3. Instrument drift - Over time, instruments can become less accurate due to wear and tear or aging, leading to systematic error.
4. Environmental conditions - Changes in humidity, pressure, or other environmental conditions can affect the accuracy of an instrument.
Conclusion
In conclusion, systematic error is a type of error that occurs consistently in the same direction in a series of measurements. It arises due to a flaw in the measuring instrument or a mistake in the experimental setup. Option B is the correct answer as a change in temperature is one of the causes of systematic error.
With the rise of temperature, the sensitivity of a bubble tube- a)decreases
- b)increases
- c)remains unaffected
- d)None of the above
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
With the rise of temperature, the sensitivity of a bubble tube
a)
decreases
b)
increases
c)
remains unaffected
d)
None of the above
|
|
Tanishq Menon answered |
With a rise in temperature the liquid expands. Hence the bubble shortens and consequently its sensitivity decreases.
In the given formula formats, L is the length of a base line split into ‘n’ equal segments each of length ‘d’. O1, O2 .......On+1 are the ordinates at the sequential ends of the segments and M1, M2....Mn are the mid-ordinates of successive segments. Which of the following pairs of rules and the formulae for computation of the area standing on the base line are correctly matched?
1. Mid - ordinate Rule ...............
2. Average - ordinate Rule ......
3. Trapezoidal Rule........
4. Simpsons’ rule
Select the correct answer using the codes given below- a)1 and 2
- b)1 and 3
- c)3 and 4
- d)2 and 4
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
In the given formula formats, L is the length of a base line split into ‘n’ equal segments each of length ‘d’. O1, O2 .......On+1 are the ordinates at the sequential ends of the segments and M1, M2....Mn are the mid-ordinates of successive segments. Which of the following pairs of rules and the formulae for computation of the area standing on the base line are correctly matched?
1. Mid - ordinate Rule ...............
2. Average - ordinate Rule ......
3. Trapezoidal Rule........
4. Simpsons’ rule
1. Mid - ordinate Rule ...............
2. Average - ordinate Rule ......
3. Trapezoidal Rule........
4. Simpsons’ rule
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 3
c)
3 and 4
d)
2 and 4
|
|
Diya Sarkar answered |
The error due to bad ranging is- a)cumulative; positive
- b)cumulative; negative
- c)compensating
- d)cumulative; positive or negative
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
The error due to bad ranging is
a)
cumulative; positive
b)
cumulative; negative
c)
compensating
d)
cumulative; positive or negative
|
|
Prashanth Mehra answered |
Cumulative Errors occurring in same direction and thus, they aggregate to make a considerable amount of error.
Positive cumulative errors Non Horizontality, sag, bad ranging.
Positive/ Negative cumulative errors Erroneous length of chain, temperature variation.
Positive cumulative errors Non Horizontality, sag, bad ranging.
Positive/ Negative cumulative errors Erroneous length of chain, temperature variation.
The lengths of long chord and tangents of a circular curve are equal for a deflection angle of- a)30°
- b)60°
- c)90°
- d)120°
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The lengths of long chord and tangents of a circular curve are equal for a deflection angle of
a)
30°
b)
60°
c)
90°
d)
120°
|
|
Shraddha Datta answered |
The length of long chord (L) = 2RsinΔ/2 and the
During the measurement of a line by chain or tape in slopes, if the length of line is ‘l’ and height difference between the ends of the line is ‘h’ then the correction to the measured length is more than h2/2l by
- a)Zero
- b)
- c)
- d)
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
During the measurement of a line by chain or tape in slopes, if the length of line is ‘l’ and height difference between the ends of the line is ‘h’ then the correction to the measured length is more than h2/2l by
a)
Zero
b)
c)
d)
|
|
Priyanka Shah answered |
Accuracy of elevation of various points obtained from contour map is limited to- a)1/2 of the contour interval
- b)1/4th of the contour interval
- c)1/3rd of the contour interval
- d)1/5th of the contour interval
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Accuracy of elevation of various points obtained from contour map is limited to
a)
1/2 of the contour interval
b)
1/4th of the contour interval
c)
1/3rd of the contour interval
d)
1/5th of the contour interval
|
|
Rajeev Menon answered |
The accuracy of elevation of various points obtained from a contour map is generally limited to a fraction of the contour interval, but the specific fraction can vary depending on the quality and scale of the map, as well as the level of detail and precision required for the intended use.
As a general rule, the accuracy of elevations obtained from a contour map is typically limited to about 1/2 to 1/3 of the contour interval. For example, if the contour interval is 10 feet, the accuracy of the elevations shown on the map may be limited to +/- 5 to +/- 3.3 feet.
However, it's important to note that this is just a general rule of thumb and that the actual accuracy of the elevations on a contour map may be different depending on the specific circumstances. It's always a good idea to consult the map legend or the map's documentation to determine the accuracy of the elevations shown on the map.
If the forebearing of a line AB is 35° and that of line BC 15° then the included angle between the lines is- a)20°
- b)50°
- c)160°
- d)230°
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
If the forebearing of a line AB is 35° and that of line BC 15° then the included angle between the lines is
a)
20°
b)
50°
c)
160°
d)
230°
|
|
Lavanya Menon answered |
BB of AB = FB + 180°
= 35° + 180° = 215°
∴ included angle between line,
AB and BC = 360° - 215° + 15° = 160°
A circle of radius 7 m has a standard error of 0.02 m on the radius. The standard error of its area is- a)0.04 m2
- b)0:14 m2
- c)0.28 m2
- d)0.88 m2
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
A circle of radius 7 m has a standard error of 0.02 m on the radius. The standard error of its area is
a)
0.04 m2
b)
0:14 m2
c)
0.28 m2
d)
0.88 m2
|
|
Divya Kulkarni answered |
Area of circle
A = πr2
∴ dA/dr = 2πr
Let standard error in radius be er,
∴ Standard error in area,
A = πr2
∴ dA/dr = 2πr
Let standard error in radius be er,
∴ Standard error in area,
Consider the following statements regarding Plane Table surveying
1. It is less accurate than chain surveying
2. It is not necessary to do accurate centering of plane table for small scale surveys
3. Compass rule may be made use of for adjusting the plane table traverse
4. From the instrument station, resectors are drawn to plot the position of objects in the fieldWhich of these statements is/are correct?- a)2, 3 and 4
- b)1, 2 and 4
- c)1, 2 and 3
- d)1, 3 and 4
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Consider the following statements regarding Plane Table surveying
1. It is less accurate than chain surveying
2. It is not necessary to do accurate centering of plane table for small scale surveys
3. Compass rule may be made use of for adjusting the plane table traverse
4. From the instrument station, resectors are drawn to plot the position of objects in the field
1. It is less accurate than chain surveying
2. It is not necessary to do accurate centering of plane table for small scale surveys
3. Compass rule may be made use of for adjusting the plane table traverse
4. From the instrument station, resectors are drawn to plot the position of objects in the field
Which of these statements is/are correct?
a)
2, 3 and 4
b)
1, 2 and 4
c)
1, 2 and 3
d)
1, 3 and 4
|
|
Siddharth Bajaj answered |
Plane Table Surveying
Plane table surveying is a method of surveying in which the position of objects on the field is plotted on a sheet of paper or a drawing board. The following statements are given regarding plane table surveying:
1. Accuracy: It is less accurate than chain surveying.
2. Centering: It is not necessary to do accurate centering of plane table for small scale surveys.
3. Compass Rule: Compass rule may be made use of for adjusting the plane table traverse.
4. Resectors: From the instrument station, resectors are drawn to plot the position of objects in the field.
Correct Option: B (1, 2 and 4)
Explanation:
1. Accuracy: It is a misconception that plane table surveying is less accurate than chain surveying. In fact, it is more accurate than chain surveying because it eliminates errors due to chaining and ranging. However, it is less accurate than modern surveying methods like theodolite surveying or electronic surveying.
2. Centering: Accurate centering of the plane table is necessary for all surveys, irrespective of the scale of the survey. If the centering is not accurate, the plotted points will be displaced, and the accuracy of the survey will be compromised.
3. Compass Rule: Compass rule is a method used for adjusting the traverse during plane table surveying. It is used to bring the plotted traverse in line with the actual traverse by adjusting the angles between the successive stations.
4. Resectors: Resectors are a set of lines drawn from the instrument station to the plotted points to determine their position. Resectors are used to locate objects that are not visible from the instrument station, and they help to improve the accuracy of the survey.
Conclusion:
Hence, the correct option is B, i.e., statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
Plane table surveying is a method of surveying in which the position of objects on the field is plotted on a sheet of paper or a drawing board. The following statements are given regarding plane table surveying:
1. Accuracy: It is less accurate than chain surveying.
2. Centering: It is not necessary to do accurate centering of plane table for small scale surveys.
3. Compass Rule: Compass rule may be made use of for adjusting the plane table traverse.
4. Resectors: From the instrument station, resectors are drawn to plot the position of objects in the field.
Correct Option: B (1, 2 and 4)
Explanation:
1. Accuracy: It is a misconception that plane table surveying is less accurate than chain surveying. In fact, it is more accurate than chain surveying because it eliminates errors due to chaining and ranging. However, it is less accurate than modern surveying methods like theodolite surveying or electronic surveying.
2. Centering: Accurate centering of the plane table is necessary for all surveys, irrespective of the scale of the survey. If the centering is not accurate, the plotted points will be displaced, and the accuracy of the survey will be compromised.
3. Compass Rule: Compass rule is a method used for adjusting the traverse during plane table surveying. It is used to bring the plotted traverse in line with the actual traverse by adjusting the angles between the successive stations.
4. Resectors: Resectors are a set of lines drawn from the instrument station to the plotted points to determine their position. Resectors are used to locate objects that are not visible from the instrument station, and they help to improve the accuracy of the survey.
Conclusion:
Hence, the correct option is B, i.e., statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
A 20 m chain was found to be 10 cm too long after chaining a distance of 2000 m. It was found to be 18 cm too long at the end of the day’s work after chaining a total distance of 4000 m. What is the true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the day’s work?- a)3962 m
- b)4019 m
- c)3981 m
- d)4038 m
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A 20 m chain was found to be 10 cm too long after chaining a distance of 2000 m. It was found to be 18 cm too long at the end of the day’s work after chaining a total distance of 4000 m. What is the true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the day’s work?
a)
3962 m
b)
4019 m
c)
3981 m
d)
4038 m
|
|
Varun Mukherjee answered |
For the first 2000 m, average error is,
For the next 2000 m, average error is
Hence, true distance,
For the next 2000 m, average error is
Hence, true distance,
Which one of the following surveys is required in observations of stars?- a)Astronomical survey
- b)Cadastral survey
- c)Aerial survey
- d)Photogrammetric survey
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Which one of the following surveys is required in observations of stars?
a)
Astronomical survey
b)
Cadastral survey
c)
Aerial survey
d)
Photogrammetric survey
|
|
Siddharth Datta answered |
Cadastral survey is used to plot the details such as boundaries of fields, houses and property lines in rural and urban areas. These are also known as public land surveys.
Photogrammetry is used to produce a mosaic or map by compiling the photographs. Aerial survey covers photogrammetry and photo-interpretation both.
Photogrammetry is used to produce a mosaic or map by compiling the photographs. Aerial survey covers photogrammetry and photo-interpretation both.
The maximum tolerance in a 20 m chain is- a)± 2 mm
- b)± 3 mm
- c)± 5 mm
- d)± 8 mm
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
The maximum tolerance in a 20 m chain is
a)
± 2 mm
b)
± 3 mm
c)
± 5 mm
d)
± 8 mm
|
|
Simran Saha answered |
The maximum tolerance in 20 m chain is ±5 mm in 30 m chain is ±8 mm
Theory of errors and adjustments deals with minimizing the effects of- a)instrumental errors
- b)mistakes
- c)systematic errors
- d)personal and accidental errors
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Theory of errors and adjustments deals with minimizing the effects of
a)
instrumental errors
b)
mistakes
c)
systematic errors
d)
personal and accidental errors
|
|
Divya Mehta answered |
Systematic or cumulative errors which occurs from well understood causes can be reduced by adopting suitable methods. It follows some definite mathematical or physical iaw and a correction can be-determined and applied.
Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons beyond the ability of the observer to control. Personal errors arise from the limitations of the human senses such as sight, touch and hearing. Both accidental and personal error represent the limit of precision in the determination of a value. They obey the law of probability and therefore theory of errors and adjustments applies to them.
Accidental errors are those which remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated and are caused by a combination of reasons beyond the ability of the observer to control. Personal errors arise from the limitations of the human senses such as sight, touch and hearing. Both accidental and personal error represent the limit of precision in the determination of a value. They obey the law of probability and therefore theory of errors and adjustments applies to them.
A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was 100 m. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is- a)0.00673 m
- b)0.000673 m
- c)-0.000673 m
- d)- 0.00673 m
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
A level was set up at a point A and distance to the staff station B was 100 m. The net combined correction due to curvature and refraction as applied to the staff reading is
a)
0.00673 m
b)
0.000673 m
c)
-0.000673 m
d)
- 0.00673 m
|
|
Srestha Datta answered |
Net combined correction
= -0.0673 d2. metres where d is in kms
= -0.0673 d2. metres where d is in kms
If R is the radius of the main curve, θ the angle of deflection, S the shift and L the length of the transition curve, then, total tangent length of the curve, is- a)(R - S) tan θ/2 - L/2
- b)(R + S) tan θ/2 - L/2
- c)(R + S) tan θ/2 + L/2
- d)(R - S) cos θ/2 + L/2
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
If R is the radius of the main curve, θ the angle of deflection, S the shift and L the length of the transition curve, then, total tangent length of the curve, is
a)
(R - S) tan θ/2 - L/2
b)
(R + S) tan θ/2 - L/2
c)
(R + S) tan θ/2 + L/2
d)
(R - S) cos θ/2 + L/2
|
|
Rajeev Menon answered |
c) (R + S) tan θ/2 + L/2. The total tangent length of a curve is the distance along the curve between the points where the curve intersects the tangents that define the beginning and end of the curve. In a transition curve, which is a curve used to connect two straight sections of a road or other transportation facility, the total tangent length is given by the formula (R + S) tan θ/2 + L/2, where R is the radius of the main curve, θ is the angle of deflection, S is the shift, and L is the length of the transition curve. The radius R and the shift S are used to determine the position of the curve relative to the straight sections, while the angle of deflection θ and the length L are used to define the shape and size of the curve. The total tangent length of the curve is the sum of the length of the main curve and the length of the transition curve, and is used to determine the length of the roadway or other transportation facility required to accommodate the curve.
If the observed staff reading at a station is 800.925 m the correction due to refraction is 0.115 m and correction due to curvature is 0.805. Then the correct staff reading will be- a)801.615 m
- b)800.235 m
- c)800.005 m
- d)800.120 m
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
If the observed staff reading at a station is 800.925 m the correction due to refraction is 0.115 m and correction due to curvature is 0.805. Then the correct staff reading will be
a)
801.615 m
b)
800.235 m
c)
800.005 m
d)
800.120 m
|
|
Saptarshi Khanna answered |
True staff reading = obs. staff reading - curve corr. + refr. corr.
= 800.925 -0.805 + 0.115
= 800.235 m
= 800.925 -0.805 + 0.115
= 800.235 m
If the spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm of a tacheometer is 1.2 mm and the focal length of object glass is 24 cm, then the multiplying constant of tacheometer is
- a)50
- b)200
- c)150
- d)100
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
If the spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm of a tacheometer is 1.2 mm and the focal length of object glass is 24 cm, then the multiplying constant of tacheometer is
a)
50
b)
200
c)
150
d)
100
|
|
Ashwin Kulkarni answered |
To find the multiplying constant of a tacheometer, we can use the following formula:
Multiplying constant (K) = (Focal length of object glass) / (Spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm)
In this case, the focal length of object glass is 24 cm (or 240 mm) and the spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm is 1.2 mm. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
K = (240 mm) / (1.2 mm)
K = 200
So, the multiplying constant of the tacheometer is 200.
Multiplying constant (K) = (Focal length of object glass) / (Spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm)
In this case, the focal length of object glass is 24 cm (or 240 mm) and the spacing of cross hairs in a stadia diaphragm is 1.2 mm. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
K = (240 mm) / (1.2 mm)
K = 200
So, the multiplying constant of the tacheometer is 200.
For a simple circular curve, which one of the following gives the correct relation between the radius, R and degree of curve D, for 20 m arc length?- a)R = 5729.6/D
- b)R = 1718.9/D
- c)R = 1145.9/D
- d)R = 572.9/D
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
For a simple circular curve, which one of the following gives the correct relation between the radius, R and degree of curve D, for 20 m arc length?
a)
R = 5729.6/D
b)
R = 1718.9/D
c)
R = 1145.9/D
d)
R = 572.9/D
|
|
Subhankar Khanna answered |
For 20 m arc R = 1145.9/D
for 30 m arc R = 1718.9/D
for 30 m arc R = 1718.9/D
A 100 m tape is suspended between the ends under a pull of 200 N. The weight of the tape is 30 N. The correction for sag and correct distance between the tape ends is- a)0.056 m; 99.944 m
- b)0.094 m; 99.906 m
- c)0.094 m; 100.094 m
- d)0.056.m; 100.056 m
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
A 100 m tape is suspended between the ends under a pull of 200 N. The weight of the tape is 30 N. The correction for sag and correct distance between the tape ends is
a)
0.056 m; 99.944 m
b)
0.094 m; 99.906 m
c)
0.094 m; 100.094 m
d)
0.056.m; 100.056 m
|
|
Harshad Iyer answered |
Correct distance = 100 - 0.094 = 99.906 m
Which of the following instruments is generally used for base line measurements?- a)chain
- b)metallic tape.
- c)steel tape
- d)invar tape
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Which of the following instruments is generally used for base line measurements?
a)
chain
b)
metallic tape.
c)
steel tape
d)
invar tape
|
|
Ameya Sen answered |
Invar tapes are used for linear measurement of very high degree precision such as base line measurements cloth or lines tap for rough and subsidiary measurements such as offset.
If the intercept on a vertical staff is observed as 0.75 m from a tacheometer, the horizontal distance between tacheometer and staff station is- a)7.5 m
- b)25 m
- c)50 m
- d)75 m
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
If the intercept on a vertical staff is observed as 0.75 m from a tacheometer, the horizontal distance between tacheometer and staff station is
a)
7.5 m
b)
25 m
c)
50 m
d)
75 m
|
|
Prashanth Mehra answered |
Because additive constant is zero and multiplying constant is 100 for a tacheometer
The method of orienting a plane table with two inaccessible points is known as- a)intersection
- b)resection
- c)back sighting
- d)two-point problem
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
The method of orienting a plane table with two inaccessible points is known as
a)
intersection
b)
resection
c)
back sighting
d)
two-point problem
|
|
Avinash Mehta answered |
The correct answer is option 'D', the method of orienting a plane table with two inaccessible points is known as the two-point problem. In this method, the surveyor orients the plane table by aligning it with two points that are not directly visible from the survey location. The surveyor establishes a line of sight to each of these two points and then rotates the plane table until the lines of sight align with the corresponding points on the map or photograph. This method is also known as resection or back sighting and it is commonly used in surveying, mapping, and navigation.
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