All questions of Challenges to and Restoration of Congress System for Humanities/Arts Exam

-"Garibi hatao " was the theme n Slogan of indra Gandhi
1971 election campaign n was later used by her son rajeev Gandhi n then by her grandson rahul gandhi during the general elections.
- It's literally meaning is remove poverty.
- It was designed by Gandhi to get an national support both from rural n urban side.
- It was a part of 5th" five year plans ".

Opposition to English Language by Karpoori Thakur
Karpoori Thakur, an influential political figure in India, was known for his strong advocacy for social justice and the rights of backward classes. His opposition to the English language was rooted in several key beliefs:
1. Cultural Identity
- Thakur believed that the imposition of English undermined Indian culture and languages.
- He viewed English as a tool of colonial dominance that alienated the masses from their roots.
2. Access to Education
- He argued that prioritizing English in education marginalized those who were not proficient in it.
- Thakur advocated for the promotion of regional languages to ensure inclusive education for all.
3. Empowerment of the Underprivileged
- By opposing English, Thakur aimed to empower the marginalized sections of society.
- He believed that promoting local languages would facilitate better communication and understanding among the people.
4. Nationalism and Anti-Colonial Sentiment
- Thakur's stance was also a reflection of broader anti-colonial sentiments in India.
- He saw the promotion of Indian languages as a form of resistance against colonial legacy.
Conclusion
Karpoori Thakur’s opposition to the English language was not just a linguistic preference but a profound political statement aimed at preserving cultural identity, ensuring educational access, and empowering the disadvantaged. His legacy continues to influence discussions on language and identity in India today.

The Fifth General Election to Lok Sabha
The fifth general election in India was a significant political event that took place in early 1971.
Timeline of the Election
- The elections were held from February 1 to February 25, 1971.
- The counting of votes occurred on February 26, 1971.
Context and Importance
- This election was crucial following the political turmoil and social unrest in the late 1960s.
- It was conducted under the backdrop of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh later that year.
Results of the Election
- The Indian National Congress, led by Indira Gandhi, emerged victorious, securing a significant majority.
- The Congress party won 352 out of 518 seats, solidifying Indira Gandhi's position as a powerful leader in Indian politics.
Voter Participation
- The election saw a high voter turnout, reflecting the public's engagement and interest in shaping the nation’s political future.
Conclusion
The fifth general election of Lok Sabha was pivotal in shaping contemporary Indian politics, marking a decisive mandate for the Congress party and setting the stage for future political developments in the country. The correct answer to the question is indeed option 'D', as the elections were conducted in February 1971.

The Factional Rivalry: Overview
The rivalry between the Syndicate and Indira Gandhi emerged prominently during the political landscape of India in the late 1960s, particularly highlighted during the Presidential Election of 1969.
Background of the Factional Rivalry
- The Syndicate was a group of senior leaders within the Indian National Congress who held significant influence and power.
- Indira Gandhi, who had become Prime Minister in 1966, represented a more populist and reform-oriented approach.
Events Leading to the Presidential Election
- The tensions between these factions intensified as Indira Gandhi aimed to position herself independently of the Syndicate.
- The Syndicate favored V.V. Giri as a presidential candidate, while Indira Gandhi supported Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.
Impact of the Presidential Election of 1969
- The election marked a critical point where the rivalry became public and contentious.
- Indira Gandhi's victory with Ahmed signaled her growing power and the diminishing influence of the Syndicate.
- This event laid the groundwork for further political shifts and changes in the Congress party, leading to Indira’s assertion of authority over the party.
Conclusion
In summary, the Presidential Election of 1969 was the turning point that exposed the deep-seated factions within the Congress party, marking the beginning of a significant political realignment in India. Indira Gandhi's triumph in this election not only showcased her leadership but also illustrated the declining influence of the Syndicate, reshaping Indian politics for years to come.

The Slogan "Garibi Hatao"
The slogan "Garibi Hatao," which translates to "Remove Poverty," was a pivotal campaign slogan in Indian politics, particularly associated with the Indian National Congress (INC).
Context of the Slogan
- The slogan emerged during the 1971 general elections in India.
- It was introduced by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister, as part of her campaign to address poverty and promote social welfare.
Significance of the Slogan
- Focus on Poverty: The slogan highlighted the urgent need to tackle poverty, which was a pressing issue in post-independence India.
- Electoral Appeal: By adopting this slogan, Indira Gandhi aimed to resonate with the masses, particularly the poorer sections of society, thereby garnering their support.
- Social Policies: The slogan was accompanied by various policies aimed at poverty alleviation, such as land reforms and rural development programs.
Impact on Elections
- The 1971 elections saw a significant victory for the Congress party, largely attributed to the effectiveness of the "Garibi Hatao" campaign.
- It helped solidify Indira Gandhi's image as a leader committed to the welfare of the underprivileged.
Conclusion
The "Garibi Hatao" slogan remains a crucial element in the study of Indian political history, representing a shift towards a more welfare-oriented approach in governance. Its introduction during the 1971 elections marked a strategic move to address the socio-economic challenges of the time.