Grade 12 Biology Syllabus1. Grade 12 Cell Structure- Introduction to cell theory
- Cell structure and function
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Cell organelles and their functions
- Cell membrane and transport mechanisms
2. Grade 12 Fundamental Biochemistry Knowledge- Introduction to biochemistry
- Chemical elements and compounds in living organisms
- Biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
- Structure and function of biomolecules
- Enzymes and their role in biological reactions
3. Grade 12 Photosynthesis & Respiration- Photosynthesis: light-dependent and light-independent reactions
- Cellular respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
- Energy production and ATP synthesis
- Relationship between photosynthesis and respiration
4. Grade 12 Lipids and Cholesterol- Structure, classification, and functions of lipids
- Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
- Cholesterol and its role in cell membranes and hormone synthesis
- Lipid metabolism and lipid-related disorders
5. Grade 12 Biochemistry of Obesity - Why Is Fat Stored?- Energy balance and weight regulation
- Lipogenesis and lipolysis
- Hormonal control of adipose tissue
- Genetic and environmental factors contributing to obesity
6. Grade 12 What Is Blood Type?- ABO blood group system
- Rh factor and blood typing
- Inheritance of blood types
- Importance of blood typing in transfusion and transplantation
7. Grade 12 Why Does Fruit Get Sweeter as It Ripens?- Fruit ripening process
- Role of plant hormones in fruit ripening
- Changes in sugar content during fruit ripening
- Ethylene and its role in fruit ripening
8. Grade 12 Enzymes and Proteins- Enzyme structure and function
- Enzyme kinetics and regulation
- Protein structure and folding
- Protein synthesis and genetic code
9. Grade 12 Nucleic Acid and Genes- Structure and function of DNA and RNA
- DNA replication, transcription, and translation
- Genetic code and protein synthesis
- Gene expression and regulation
10. Grade 12 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- Relationship between biochemistry and molecular biology
- Techniques in molecular biology
- DNA sequencing, PCR, and DNA fingerprinting
- Applications of molecular biology in medicine and biotechnology
11. Grade 12 Metabolic Processes- Anabolism and catabolism
- Metabolic pathways and regulation
- Metabolic disorders and their biochemical basis
- Metabolic adaptations in different organisms
12. Grade 12 Molecular Genetics- Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns
- Chromosomal abnormalities and genetic diseases
- Genetic variation and evolution
- Human genome project and genetic engineering
13. Grade 12 Homeostasis- Homeostatic mechanisms in the body
- Control of body temperature, blood pH, and glucose levels
- Feedback systems and their role in maintaining homeostasis
- Disorders related to homeostatic imbalances
14. Grade 12 Population Dynamics- Population growth and regulation
- Population distribution and density
- Factors affecting population dynamics
- Ecological interactions and community dynamics
This course is helpful for the following exams: Grade 12