Yojana Magazine January 2024 - 3 (Hindi) | Current Affairs (Hindi): Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

 Page 1


41 ????? 2024
oSèkhdj.k ¼xSj&vijkèkhdj.k’ 
bZt+ vkWQ Mwbax fct+usl dh fn'kk esa  
Hkkjr dk fujarj vkxs c<+uk
RefuHkZj Hkkjr dh ;k=kk Hkkjr }kjk bZt+ vkWiQ 
Mwbax fct+usl rFkk bZt+ vkWiQ fyfoax dh fn'kk 
esa lkgfld vkSj vkRefo'okliw.kZ dne mBkus 
ls tqM+h gSA osaQæh; okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx] miHkksDrk ekeys] •k| 
vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k vkSj oL=k ea=kh Jh ih;w"k xks;y osQ 
oqQ'ky usr`Ro esa MhihvkbZvkbZVh }kjk tu fo'okl (çkoèkkuksa 
esa la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2023 (tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e;) 
dh vxqvkbZ dhA ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gS D;ksafd ;g 
19 ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa }kjk fujh{k.k fd, tkus okys 42 
osaQæh; vfèkfu;eksa esa 183 NksVs vijkèkksa osQ fy, vkijkfèkd 
lt+k dks rdZlaxr cukrk gSA tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e dk 
eq[; mís'; bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl vkSj bZt+ vkWiQ fyfoax 
osQ fy, fo'okl&vkèkkfjr 'kklu dks c<+kus osQ fy, vijkèkksa 
dk oSèkhdj.k (xSj&vijkèkhdj.k) djuk vkSj rdZlaxr cukuk 
gSA ,slk djrs le;] ;g Hkkjrh; U;kf;d ç.kkyh dks vfèkd 
Toyar ekeyksa ij è;ku osaQfær djus esa enn djrk gSA
ns'k esa bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl osQ fy, egRoiw.kZ fufgrkFkZ 
okys oqQN egRoiw.kZ rdZlaxr vfèkfu;eksa esa 1948 dk iQkeZslh 
vfèkfu;e] 1957 dk dkWihjkbV vfèkfu;e] 1970 dk isVsaV 
vfèkfu;e] 1986 dk i;kZoj.k (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1988 dk 
eksVj okgu vfèkfu;e] 1999 dk VªsM ekDlZ vfèkfu;e] 2000 
dk lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh vfèkfu;e] 2002 dk èku 'kksèku fuokj.k 
tu fo'okl (çkoèkkuksa dk la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2023 mYya?ku dh xaHkhjrk vkSj 
fuèkkZfjr lt+k dh xaHkhjrk@rhozrk osQ chp larqyu cukus dk ç;kl djrk gSA dbZ vijkèk] 
tks çÑfr esa NksVs ;k rduhdh ;k çfØ;kRed gSa vkSj ftuosQ fy, fuèkkZfjr lt+k xSj 
vkuqikfrd Fkh] dks tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e osQ rgr vijkèkeqDr dj fn;k x;k gSA m|ksxksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e osQoy 'kq#vkr gS vkSj dbZ vkSj dkuwu f{kfrt 
ij gSa tks m|ksxksa dks vfrfjDr lqfoèkk çnku djsaxsA
vk
vt; cgy
vt; Jhjke
U;kf;d lqèkkjksa lacaèkh lhvkbZvkbZ VkLd iQkslZ osQ vè;{k vkSj ,tsMch ,aM ikVZulZ osQ lg&laLFkkid vkSj 
çcaèk HkkxhnkjA bZesy% ajay.bahl@azbpartners
bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl ij lhvkbZvkbZ VkLd iQkslZ osQ vè;{k vkSj Mhlh,e Jhjke fyfeVsM osQ vè;{k 
vkSj ofj’ çcaèk funs'kdA bZesy% ajay.shriram@dcmshriram.com
Page 2


41 ????? 2024
oSèkhdj.k ¼xSj&vijkèkhdj.k’ 
bZt+ vkWQ Mwbax fct+usl dh fn'kk esa  
Hkkjr dk fujarj vkxs c<+uk
RefuHkZj Hkkjr dh ;k=kk Hkkjr }kjk bZt+ vkWiQ 
Mwbax fct+usl rFkk bZt+ vkWiQ fyfoax dh fn'kk 
esa lkgfld vkSj vkRefo'okliw.kZ dne mBkus 
ls tqM+h gSA osaQæh; okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx] miHkksDrk ekeys] •k| 
vkSj lkoZtfud forj.k vkSj oL=k ea=kh Jh ih;w"k xks;y osQ 
oqQ'ky usr`Ro esa MhihvkbZvkbZVh }kjk tu fo'okl (çkoèkkuksa 
esa la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2023 (tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e;) 
dh vxqvkbZ dhA ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gS D;ksafd ;g 
19 ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa }kjk fujh{k.k fd, tkus okys 42 
osaQæh; vfèkfu;eksa esa 183 NksVs vijkèkksa osQ fy, vkijkfèkd 
lt+k dks rdZlaxr cukrk gSA tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e dk 
eq[; mís'; bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl vkSj bZt+ vkWiQ fyfoax 
osQ fy, fo'okl&vkèkkfjr 'kklu dks c<+kus osQ fy, vijkèkksa 
dk oSèkhdj.k (xSj&vijkèkhdj.k) djuk vkSj rdZlaxr cukuk 
gSA ,slk djrs le;] ;g Hkkjrh; U;kf;d ç.kkyh dks vfèkd 
Toyar ekeyksa ij è;ku osaQfær djus esa enn djrk gSA
ns'k esa bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl osQ fy, egRoiw.kZ fufgrkFkZ 
okys oqQN egRoiw.kZ rdZlaxr vfèkfu;eksa esa 1948 dk iQkeZslh 
vfèkfu;e] 1957 dk dkWihjkbV vfèkfu;e] 1970 dk isVsaV 
vfèkfu;e] 1986 dk i;kZoj.k (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1988 dk 
eksVj okgu vfèkfu;e] 1999 dk VªsM ekDlZ vfèkfu;e] 2000 
dk lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh vfèkfu;e] 2002 dk èku 'kksèku fuokj.k 
tu fo'okl (çkoèkkuksa dk la'kksèku) vfèkfu;e] 2023 mYya?ku dh xaHkhjrk vkSj 
fuèkkZfjr lt+k dh xaHkhjrk@rhozrk osQ chp larqyu cukus dk ç;kl djrk gSA dbZ vijkèk] 
tks çÑfr esa NksVs ;k rduhdh ;k çfØ;kRed gSa vkSj ftuosQ fy, fuèkkZfjr lt+k xSj 
vkuqikfrd Fkh] dks tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e osQ rgr vijkèkeqDr dj fn;k x;k gSA m|ksxksa 
dk ekuuk gS fd tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e osQoy 'kq#vkr gS vkSj dbZ vkSj dkuwu f{kfrt 
ij gSa tks m|ksxksa dks vfrfjDr lqfoèkk çnku djsaxsA
vk
vt; cgy
vt; Jhjke
U;kf;d lqèkkjksa lacaèkh lhvkbZvkbZ VkLd iQkslZ osQ vè;{k vkSj ,tsMch ,aM ikVZulZ osQ lg&laLFkkid vkSj 
çcaèk HkkxhnkjA bZesy% ajay.bahl@azbpartners
bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl ij lhvkbZvkbZ VkLd iQkslZ osQ vè;{k vkSj Mhlh,e Jhjke fyfeVsM osQ vè;{k 
vkSj ofj’ çcaèk funs'kdA bZesy% ajay.shriram@dcmshriram.com
42 ????? 2024
vfèkfu;e] 2006 dk •k| lqj{kk vkSj ekud vfèkfu;e] vkSj 
2009 dk dkuwuh esVªksykWth vfèkfu;e 'kkfey gSaA 
tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e mYya?ku dh xaHkhjrk vkSj fuèkkZfjr 
lt+k dh xaHkhjrk osQ chp larqyu cukus dk ç;kl djrk gSA dbZ 
vijkèk] tks çÑfr esa NksVs ;k rduhdh ;k çfØ;kRed gSa vkSj 
ftuosQ fy, fuèkkZfjr lt+k vuqikrghu Fkh] mUgsa tsoh vfèkfu;e 
osQ rgr vijkèkeqDr dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g ^dkjkokl* vkSj@;k 
^vFkZnaM* ls lt+k dks ?kVkdj osQoy ^tqekZuk* djosQ dbZ fof'k‘ 
vijkèkksa dk iwjh rjg ls xSj&vijkèkhdj.k dj nsrk gS tks çÑfr 
esa NksVk] rduhdh ;k çfØ;kRed gSA dbZ vijkèkksa dk iw.kZ 
xSj&vijkèkhdj.k fuxeksa dks ,d ,sls vijkèk osQ fy, nks"kh 
Bgjk, tkus ls igys vkijkfèkd eqdnes dh dBksjrk ls xqtjus 
ls cpkus dk vk'oklu nsrk gS tks vc osQoy ^tqekZuk* osQ lkFk 
naMuh; gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd vnkyr vfHk;ksx i{k dks naM 
nsus dh vko';drk ugha gSA
fofHk dkuwuksa osQ rgr nLrkostksa ;k lwpukvksa dk çLrqrhdj.k 
u fd, tkus tSls vijkèkksa dk xSj&vijkèkhdj.k djuk lgh gks 
ldrk gS D;ksafd vlg;ksx dh fLFkfr esa nLrkost+ ;k tkudkjh 
,d=k djus osQ fy, fu;ked vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ ikl muosQ fuiVku 
osQ fy, vU; ra=k gSa (tSls •kst vkSj tCrh] fofHk ljdkjh 
foHkkx ;k çkfèkdj.k osQ chp c<+rs leUo; vkSj rkyesy osQ 
eísutj vU; fu;kedksa ;k dk;kZy;ksa ls tkudkjh çkIr djuk)A 
blh çdkj] 'ks"k Js.kh osQ rgr naMuh; vijkèkksa (ftuosQ fy, 
dksbZ fof'k‘ naM fuèkkZfjr ugha fd;k x;k Fkk) dks vijkèkeqDr 
djuk lgh fn'kk esa ,d dne gSA
lhvkbZvkbZ (Hkkjrh; m|ksx ifjla?k)] ftlosQ dbZ lq>koksa 
dks tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e esa vuqowQy :i ls ekuk x;k Fkk] 
ges'kk Lo&'kklu dh ç.kkyh dh vksj c<+us dk ,d etcwr 
leFkZd jgk gS tgka vkijkfèkd çkoèkku osQoy xaHkhj vijkèkksa 
osQ fy, viokn osQ :i esa ekStwn gSa] tcfd ekewyh mYya?ku 
osQ fy, blus ^dkjkokl* vkSj@;k ^tqekZus* osQ LFkku ij ^naM* 
yxkus dh fliQkfj'k dh] tks ,d dk;Zdkjh fu.kZ; gS (uk fd 
vnkyr dk)A
tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e us bu igyqvksa ij O;kid :i ls 
dke fd;k gS] ftlesa dbZ {ks=kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj 
O;olk;ksa dks dkuwuh Vªk;y dh dfBu vkSj le; ysus okyh 
çfØ;k ls cpkus dh cM+h {kerk çnku dh xbZ gS vkSj blosQ 
ifj.kkeLo:i igys ls gh vR;fèkd cks> okyh U;k;ikfydk 
osQ ikl yafcr ekeyksa ij Hkh vlj iM+k gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] 
ckj&ckj gksus okys dbZ vijkèkksa osQ fy,] tks lky&nj&lky 
ekeyksa osQ yafcr jgus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrk Fkk] yhxy 
esVªksykWth ,DV esa dkjkokl dh lt+k dks vc c<+s gq, tqekZus ls 
cny fn;k x;k gSA
m|ksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd tu fo'okl vfèkfu;e osQoy 
'kq#vkr gS vkSj dbZ vkSj d+kuwu vkus okys gSa tks m|ksx 
dks vfrfjDr lqfoèkk çnku djsaxsA osaQæh; ea=kky;ksa osQ rgr 
yafcr {ks=kksa dks 'kkfey djus osQ fy, bl çfØ;k dk foLrkj 
fd;k tkuk pkfg, ¹tSls miHkksDrk laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 2019_ 
ty (çnw"k.k dh jksdFkke vkSj fu;a=k.k) vfèkfu;e] 1974_ 
vkSj vU; d+kuwuº vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa (tSls i+QSDVjh vfèkfu;e] 
1948_ varj jkT; çoklh dkexkj vfèkfu;e] 1979_ ekr`Ro 
ykHk vfèkfu;e] 1961] vkfn)] mYys• djus osQ fy, oqQN  
mnkgj.kLo:i gSaA ;g tkuuk mRlkgtud gS fd ljdkj 
us lhvkbZvkbZ lfgr çeq• fgrèkkjdksa osQ ijke'kZ ls fofHk 
Hkkjrh; fofuekZ.k {ks=k
fofuekZ.k esa bZt+ vkWiQ Mwbax fct+usl
O;olk; LFkkiuk dks 
ljy cukuk
mi;ksfxrkvksa rd igqap 
esa vklkuh
VSDl Hkjus ds fy, 
fMftVy IysViQkeZ
fofHkUu ijfeV ds fy, 
,dy f[kM+dh iz.kkyh
vuqikyu vko';drkvksa 
esa deh
izeq[k ckrsa