Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is defined and outlined in the Constitution of India under Articles 131-136.

Original Jurisdiction:
1. Disputes between the Union and the States: The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in matters involving disputes between the Government of India and one or more states, or between two or more states. These cases can be related to the interpretation of the Constitution or any other law.
2. Federal disputes: The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases where there is a dispute between the Government of India and one or more states on one side, and one or more states on the other side. These disputes can be related to any legal or constitutional matter.

Appellate Jurisdiction:
1. Appeals from High Courts: The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over judgments, orders, or decrees of High Courts. It can hear appeals against the decisions of the High Courts in civil, criminal, or constitutional matters.
2. Special Leave to Appeal: The Supreme Court can grant special leave to appeal against any judgment, decree, determination, sentence, or order in any case or matter decided by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.
3. Advisory Jurisdiction: The President of India can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on any matter of public importance or on any question of law. However, this jurisdiction is only advisory in nature, and the Supreme Court is not bound to give an opinion.

Additional Powers:
1. Judicial Review: The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, which allows it to review the constitutionality of laws and executive actions. It can strike down any law or action that is found to be inconsistent with the Constitution.
2. Writ Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs, including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari, for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for any other purpose.

Overall, the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India is extensive and covers a wide range of matters. Its decisions are final and binding, and it plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law and protecting the rights and liberties of the citizens of India.