Extra Questions with Answers - Chapter Judiciary, Class 11, Political Science

1. What is the judiciary?
The judiciary is the branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law in a country. It ensures that the laws are upheld, protects individual rights, and settles disputes between individuals, organizations, and the government.

2. What are the key features of the judiciary?
The key features of the judiciary are as follows:
- Independence: The judiciary must be independent of the other branches of government to ensure impartiality and fairness in its decisions.
- Rule of Law: The judiciary upholds the principle of the rule of law, which means that everyone is equal before the law and no one is above it.
- Judicial Review: The judiciary has the power to review the constitutionality of laws and government actions.
- Adjudication: The judiciary resolves disputes by interpreting and applying the law to specific cases.

3. What is the role of the judiciary in a democracy?
The role of the judiciary in a democracy is crucial. It acts as a check on the power of the executive and legislative branches, ensuring that they do not violate the rights of individuals or exceed their authority. The judiciary safeguards the principles of justice, fairness, and equality by interpreting and enforcing the law. It protects the fundamental rights of citizens and ensures that the government functions within the framework of the constitution.

4. What are the different types of courts in the Indian judicial system?
In the Indian judicial system, there are three types of courts:
- Supreme Court: It is the highest court in the country and has the power of judicial review. It hears appeals from lower courts and has original jurisdiction in certain cases.
- High Courts: Each state in India has a High Court, which is the highest court at the state level. High Courts have appellate jurisdiction over lower courts within their respective states.
- District Courts: District Courts are located in each district and are the lowest level of courts in the judicial hierarchy. They have original jurisdiction in most civil and criminal cases.

5. How are judges appointed in India?
In India, judges in the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by a collegium system. The collegium consists of the Chief Justice of India and a group of senior judges. The President of India makes the appointments based on the recommendations of the collegium. The process of appointment involves consultation and discussion among the collegium members to ensure transparency and independence in the selection of judges.

6. What is the significance of judicial independence?
Judicial independence is crucial for the effective functioning of the judiciary. It ensures that judges are free from external interference or influence, allowing them to make impartial decisions based on the law and the facts of the case. Judicial independence protects the rights of individuals, promotes public trust in the judiciary, and upholds the principles of justice and fairness.

7. How does the judiciary protect the fundamental rights of citizens?
The judiciary plays a vital role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens. It has the power to issue writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto, to safeguard individual rights. The judiciary also interprets constitutional provisions related to fundamental rights and ensures that they are not violated by the government or any other authority. Through its judgments and decisions, the judiciary establishes precedents that guide

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