**Multiparty System:**

A multiparty system refers to a political system where multiple political parties operate within the country, and no single party consistently dominates the political landscape. In such a system, multiple parties compete for power, and different parties may form coalitions or alliances to gain a majority in the government. Here are two examples of countries with a multiparty system:

**1. India:**
India is a prime example of a multiparty system. It has a diverse political landscape with numerous political parties representing different ideologies, castes, religions, and regional interests. The major political parties in India include the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), All India Trinamool Congress (AITC), Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M), and Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), among others. These parties compete in national, state, and local elections, and no single party has been able to secure a majority on its own in recent years. Coalitions and alliances between parties are often formed to establish a government.

**2. Germany:**
Germany also operates under a multiparty system. The country has a rich political landscape with several major parties, including the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Social Democratic Party (SPD), Free Democratic Party (FDP), and Alliance 90/The Greens. These parties represent a range of political ideologies and compete in federal and state elections. The German political system often necessitates coalition governments due to the absence of a single dominant party. The most common coalition in recent years has been between the CDU and the SPD, forming a grand coalition at the federal level.

**Multiparty System with Two Alliances:**

In some cases, a multiparty system may evolve into a system where two major political alliances dominate the political landscape. This occurs when parties align themselves into two broad coalitions or alliances, each vying for power. Here are two examples of countries with a multiparty system characterized by two alliances:

**1. United States:**
While the United States does not have a formal multiparty system, it can be considered as having two major political alliances. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party, although each composed of various factions and ideologies, are the dominant political forces. These two parties consistently compete for power at both the federal and state levels. While other smaller parties exist, they face significant barriers to gaining widespread influence due to the dominance of the two major parties.

**2. Italy:**
Italy is another example of a country with a multiparty system structured around two major political alliances. The center-left alliance, known as the Democratic Party (PD), consists of various left-wing and centrist parties. On the other hand, the center-right alliance, led by the League party and including other conservative and right-wing parties, represents the opposing coalition. These alliances compete in national elections, and the coalitions may vary over time with parties joining or leaving based on political dynamics.

A) punjab,maharashtra (majority of States follow multiparty system)
b )goa ,assam