**New Kings and Kingdoms - Chapter 2 History Class 7**

New Kings and Kingdoms is an important chapter in the history syllabus of Class 7. It explores the emergence of new rulers and kingdoms in different regions of India during the medieval period. In this chapter, students will learn about the rise of the Rajputs, the Cholas, the Pallavas, the Pandyas, and the Chalukyas. It also covers the political and social structure of these kingdoms, their administration, and their contributions to Indian history.

**Chapter Notes - New Kings and Kingdoms**

1. **Introduction**
- The medieval period in India witnessed the rise of several new kings and kingdoms.
- These new rulers emerged after the decline of the Gupta Empire and the invasion of the Huns.
- The political scenario was characterized by the rise of regional powers and the fragmentation of central authority.

2. **The Rajputs**
- The Rajputs were a prominent warrior community in medieval India.
- They established several kingdoms in regions such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Central India.
- The Rajputs followed a feudal system, where they granted land to their vassals in exchange for military service.
- They were known for their chivalry, bravery, and loyalty.

3. **The Cholas**
- The Cholas were one of the most powerful dynasties in South India.
- They had a well-organized administrative system and a strong navy.
- The Chola Empire reached its zenith under the rule of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola.
- Their empire extended from present-day Tamil Nadu to parts of Southeast Asia.

4. **The Pallavas and the Pandyas**
- The Pallavas and the Pandyas were other prominent dynasties in South India.
- The Pallavas had their capital at Kanchi, while the Pandyas ruled from Madurai.
- The Pallavas were known for their architectural marvels, especially their rock-cut temples.
- The Pandyas were maritime traders who had extensive trade relations with other regions.

5. **The Chalukyas**
- The Chalukyas were a powerful dynasty that ruled over parts of present-day Karnataka and Maharashtra.
- They were known for their patronage of art and architecture, particularly the rock-cut caves at Badami.
- The Chalukyas had a well-structured administrative system and a strong military.

6. **Contributions and Legacy**
- The new kings and kingdoms made significant contributions to Indian history.
- They patronized art, architecture, literature, and various cultural practices.
- They played a crucial role in the spread of trade and commerce.
- The kingdoms also witnessed the emergence of a new social order, with the kings and their vassals forming the ruling elite.

In conclusion, the chapter on New Kings and Kingdoms in Class 7 History provides an overview of the rise of new rulers and kingdoms during the medieval period. It explores the political, social, and cultural aspects of these kingdoms and their contributions to Indian history.

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