Soil is formed by the process of ‘weathering’ of rocks, that is, disintegration and decomposition of rocks and mineral at or near the earth’s surface through the actions of natural or mechanical and chemical agents into smaller grains....

Formation of Soil
Soil formation is a complex process that takes place over a long period of time. It involves the weathering of rocks, the decomposition of organic matter, and the action of living organisms. Here is a detailed explanation of the formation of soil:

Weathering of Rocks
- Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles. This can happen through physical weathering, such as frost action or root growth, or chemical weathering, such as the reaction of minerals with water and air.
- As rocks break down, they release minerals and nutrients that contribute to soil formation.

Decomposition of Organic Matter
- Organic matter, such as dead plants and animals, decomposes over time to form humus. Humus is a dark, nutrient-rich material that helps to improve soil structure and fertility.
- The decomposition of organic matter also contributes to the formation of soil by releasing nutrients and creating a favorable environment for soil organisms.

Action of Living Organisms
- Living organisms, such as earthworms, bacteria, and fungi, play a crucial role in soil formation. They help to break down organic matter, mix the soil, and create pore spaces for air and water to move through.
- The activities of soil organisms also contribute to the formation of soil aggregates, which improve soil structure and fertility.
In conclusion, soil formation is a dynamic process that involves the interaction of physical, chemical, and biological factors. By understanding the mechanisms of soil formation, we can better manage and conserve this valuable resource for future generations.