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The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese et al. in 1977[1][2] that divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains. In particular, it emphasizes the separation of prokaryotes into two groups, originally called Eubacteria (now Bacteria) and Archaebacteria (now Archaea). Woese argued that, on the basis of differences in 16S rRNA genes, these two groups and the eukaryotes each arose separately from an ancestor with poorly developed genetic machinery, often called a progenote. To reflect these primary lines of descent, he treated each as a domain, divided into several different kingdoms. Woese initially used the term "kingdom" to refer to the three primary phylogenic groupings, and this nomenclature was widely used until the term "domain" was adopted in 1990
The three-domain system adds a level of classification (the domains) "above" the kingdoms present in the previously used five- or six-kingdom systems. This classification system recognizes the fundamental divide between the two prokaryotic groups, insofar as archaea appear to be more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to other prokaryotic bacteria. The current system has the following listed kingdoms in the three domains:
Domain Archaea – prokaryotic, no nuclear membrane, distinct biochemistry and RNA markers from bacteria, possess unique ancient evolutionary history for which they are considered some of the oldest species of organisms on Earth; traditionally classified as archaebacteria; often characterized by living in extreme environments. Some examples of archaeal organisms are methanogens which produce the gas methane, halophiles which live in very salty water, and thermoacidophiles which thrive in acidic high temperature water.
Domain Bacteria – prokaryotic, consists of prokaryotic cells possessing primarily diacyl glycerol diester lipids in their membranes and bacterial rRNA, no nuclear membrane, traditionally classified as bacteria. Most of the known pathogenic prokaryotic organisms belong to bacteria (see [3] for exceptions), and are currently studied more extensively than Archaea. Some examples of bacteria include Cyanobacteria photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae, Spirochaetes – Gram-negative bacteria that include those causing syphilis and Lyme disease, and Actinobacteria --Gram-positive bacteria including Bifidobacterium animalis which is present in the human large intestine.
Domain Eukarya – eukaryotes, organisms that contain a membrane-bound nucleus. An inexhaustive list of eukaryotic organisms includes:
Kingdom Fungi or fungi
Examples:
- Saccharomycotina – includes true yeasts
- Basidiomycota – includes mushroom
Kingdom Plantae or plants
Examples:
- Bryophyta – mosses
- Magnoliophyta – flowering plants
Kingdom Animalia or animals
Examples:
- Arthropoda – includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans
- Chordata – includes vertebrates as a subphylum
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what are three domains of life Related: Need for Classification and Three Domains of Life?
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what are three domains of life Related: Need for Classification and Three Domains of Life? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about what are three domains of life Related: Need for Classification and Three Domains of Life? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for what are three domains of life Related: Need for Classification and Three Domains of Life?.
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