Old Concept of Geography:
- Focus on Description: The old concept of geography mainly focused on describing physical features, climate, and vegetation of different regions.
- Static Approach: Geographers in the past used a static approach, focusing on mapping and classifying places without much consideration for dynamic processes.
- Regional Geography: Geography was often divided into regional studies, where geographers studied specific areas in isolation without considering global connections.
- Qualitative Data: Data collected in the old concept of geography was mainly qualitative, relying on observations and descriptions rather than quantitative analysis.
- Emphasis on memorization: Students were required to memorize facts and locations, rather than understand the underlying processes shaping the Earth.

New Concept of Geography:
- Focus on Relationships: The new concept of geography emphasizes the relationships between human and physical environments, focusing on interactions and processes.
- Dynamic Approach: Geographers now take a dynamic approach, studying how and why landscapes change over time due to human activities and natural processes.
- Integrated Geography: Geography is now seen as an integrated discipline, studying interconnected systems at local, regional, and global scales.
- Quantitative Data: There is a shift towards using quantitative data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis and modeling.
- Critical Thinking: Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking skills, analyzing spatial patterns and understanding the complexities of human-environment interactions.
In summary, the old concept of geography was more descriptive and static, focusing on individual regions without considering global connections. In contrast, the new concept of geography is dynamic, integrated, and emphasizes the relationships between human and physical environments, using quantitative data and critical thinking skills to analyze spatial patterns and processes.