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A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.
Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.
Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.
Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.
Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.
Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.

Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?
  • a)
    Lack of adequately prepared human eggs
  • b)
    Predetermination of DNA function within the adult body
  • c)
    Shortage of funding for additional research
  • d)
    Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egg
  • e)
    Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterus
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clo...
The third paragraph states "The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role." This means that human cloning faces difficulties in overcoming the fixed roles of mature DNA.
(A) The difficulty lies in overcoming the fixed roles of mature DNA; this choice does not address the issue.
(B) CORRECT.  "Predetermination" reflects the fixed rolls of DNA found with "mature" or adult cells.
(C) The passage does not mention funding issues.
(D) The passage does not mention a need to determine "biological relationships within an egg" or the equivalent.  The issue revolves around the different between young DNA and mature DNA.
(E) The passage does not mention any issues surrounding chemical reactions in the uterus.  The issue revolves around the different between young DNA and mature DNA. 
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One of the foundations of scientific research is that an experimental result is credible only if it can be replicated—only if performing the experiment a second time leads to the same result. But physicists John Sommerer and Edward Ott have conceived of a physical system in which even the least change in the starting conditions—no matter how small, inadvertent, or undetectable—can alter results radically. The system is represented by a computer model of a mathematical equation describing the motion of a particle placed in a particular type of force field.Sommerer and Ott based their system on an analogy with the phenomena known as riddled basins of attraction. If two bodies of water bound a large landmass and water is spilled somewhere on the land, the water will eventually make its way to one or the other body of water, its destination depending on such factors as where the water is spilled and the geographic features that shape the water’s path and velocity. The basin of attraction for a body of water is the area of land that, whenever water is spilled on it, always directs the spilled water to that body.In some geographical formations it is sometimes impossible to predict, not only the exact destination of the spilled water, but even which body of water it will end up in. This is because the boundary between one basin of attraction and another is riddled with fractal properties; in other words, the boundary is permeated by an extraordinarily high number of physical irregularities such as notches or zigzags. Along such a boundary, the only way to determine where spilled water will flow at any given point is actually to spill it and observe its motion; spilling the water at any immediately adjacent point could give the water an entirely different path, velocity, or destination.In the system posited by the two physicists, this boundary expands to include the whole system: i.e., the entire force field is riddled with fractal properties, and it is impossible to predict even the general destination of the particle given its starting point. Sommerer and Ott make a distinction between this type of uncertainty and that known as “chaos”; under chaos, a particle’s general destination would be predictable but its path and exact destination would not.There are presumably other such systems because the equation the physicists used to construct the computer model was literally the first one they attempted, and the likelihood that they chose the only equation that would lead to an unstable system is small. If other such systems do exist, metaphorical examples of riddled basins of attraction may abound in the failed attempts of scientists to replicate previous experimental results—in which case, scientists would be forced to question one of the basic principles that guide their work.The discussion of the chaos of physical systems is intended to perform which one of the following functions in the passage?

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A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for GMAT 2024 is part of GMAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the GMAT exam syllabus. Information about A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for GMAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for GMAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for GMAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice A clone is a genetically identical copy of a living organism.Human clones are nothing new; they occur naturally in the recognizable form of identical twins. Not until the successful cloning of a sheep called Dolly, however, has the possibility of intentionally producing an identical copy of a human been considered seriously.Production of a human clone would most likely utilize the same basic methodology that resulted in Dolly. A human egg would be retrieved from an individual, and its genetic material (DNA) would be removed and replaced with DNA derived from any adult human cell type. This would bypass the need for fertilization of the egg by the sperm in order to obtain a full complement of DNA. In a laboratory dish, the egg would then undergo several cell divisions. Placed into a uterus, the resulting embryo would grow and, with luck, develop until birth.Although this cloning technique is conceptually and procedurally simple, its success rate has been extremely low. The birth of one Dolly, for instance, required the preparation of 277 re-nucleated eggs, followed by the implantation of 29 resulting best embryos. The low success rate can be attributed to the difference between the young DNA of a normally fertilized egg and the genetic material of the re-nucleated egg, which is mature and of defined destiny – it has already committed itself to a particular physiological role. In order for proper fetal development to occur, mature DNA must be coaxed into reverting to its youthful state, a complex process that will be difficult to achieve for the human species.Beyond the practical difficulties of intentional human cloning, scientists, politicians, and others have raised serious ethical concerns about this practice. For example, there is a chance that the cloning procedure would adversely affect the developing embryo. There also might be deleterious effects on the long-term health of the clone.Proponents of human cloning counter that human sexual reproduction is not a risk-free affair either. Even if human cloning could be made safe, the motivations behind producing human clones do not fall clearly on one side of the ethical divide. While proponents stress potentially appealing motivations – a man and a woman who are both carriers of a genetic disease can use cloning to assure that their child will not be afflicted with the disorder – critics argue that the practice could and likely would be used for unethical ends, such as to select for certain traits, such as hair/eye color or sexual orientation, for example.Q. According to the passage, which of the following is a potential obstacle to human cloning?a)Lack of adequately prepared human eggsb)Predetermination of DNA function within the adult bodyc)Shortage of funding for additional researchd)Inability to pinpoint specific biological relationships within an egge)Unpredictability of chemical reactions within the uterusCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice GMAT tests.
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