The element belonging to the 16th group of the periodic table that is used in the manufacturing of vulcanized rubber and reacts with hot and concentrated HNO3 to form sulfuric acid is Sulfur (S).

Sulfur is a non-metal element that is commonly found in nature. It has an atomic number of 16 and is a member of Group 16 or the Oxygen Group on the periodic table. Sulfur is widely used in various industries, including the manufacturing of vulcanized rubber.

Here is an explanation of why sulfur is used in the manufacturing of vulcanized rubber and how it reacts with hot and concentrated HNO3 to form sulfuric acid:

1. Vulcanized rubber:
- Sulfur is a key component in the process of vulcanization, which is used to strengthen and improve the properties of rubber.
- In the vulcanization process, sulfur is combined with natural rubber or synthetic rubber compounds to cross-link the polymer chains, making the rubber more durable, elastic, and resistant to heat, chemicals, and aging.
- The addition of sulfur creates chemical bridges between the polymer chains, resulting in a network structure that enhances the mechanical properties of the rubber.

2. Reaction with hot and concentrated HNO3:
- Sulfur reacts with hot and concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which is a strong and highly corrosive acid.
- The reaction between sulfur and HNO3 can be represented by the following equation: S + 4HNO3 → H2SO4 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
- In this reaction, sulfur is oxidized by the nitric acid to form sulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide gas, and water.
- The reaction is exothermic and highly exothermic, releasing a large amount of heat and potentially dangerous nitrogen dioxide fumes.
- Sulfuric acid is widely used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and explosives.

In conclusion, the element belonging to the 16th group of the periodic table that is used in the manufacturing of vulcanized rubber and reacts with hot and concentrated HNO3 to form sulfuric acid is Sulfur (S). Sulfur plays a crucial role in the vulcanization process of rubber, improving its properties, and it undergoes a chemical reaction with HNO3 to produce sulfuric acid, which has various industrial applications.