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The load instruction is mostly used to designate a transfer from memory to a processor register known as_______
  • a)
    Accumulator
  • b)
    Instruction Register
  • c)
    Program counter
  • d)
    Memory address Register
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Accumulator is the process register.
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Load Instruction and its Use

Load instruction is a type of computer instruction that is primarily used to transfer data or values from memory to a processor register. It is an essential instruction in computer programming and is supported by most computer architectures.

Accumulator as a Processor Register

The accumulator is a processor register that stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations performed by the processor. It is the most frequently used register in most computer architectures, and as such, the load instruction is mostly used to designate a transfer from memory to the accumulator.

Advantages of Using the Load Instruction

The load instruction is an essential instruction in computer programming, and it has several advantages, including:

1. It is a fast way to transfer data from memory to the processor register.

2. It enables the processor to access data in memory without having to know the physical location of the data.

3. It allows for more efficient use of memory as data can be stored in memory and accessed by the processor as needed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the load instruction is a critical instruction in computer programming, and it is primarily used to transfer data from memory to the accumulator. It is a fast and efficient way to access data in memory, and it allows for more efficient use of memory.
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On a non-pipelined sequential processor, a program segment, which is a part of the interrupt service routine, is given to transfer 500 bytes from an I/O device to memory.Initialize the address registerInitialize the count to 500LOOP: Load a byte from deviceStore in memory at address given by address registerIncrement the address registerDecrement the countIf count != 0 go to LOOPAssume that each statement in this program is equivalent to a machine instruction which takes one clock cycle to execute if it is a non-load/store instruction. The load-store instructions take two clock cycles to execute.The designer of the system also has an alternate approach of using the DMA controller to implement the same transfer. The DMA controller requires 20 clock cycles for initialization and other overheads. Each DMA transfer cycle takes two clock cycles to transfer one byte of data from the device to the memory.Q. What is the approximate speedup when the DMA controller based design is used in place of the interrupt driven program based input-output?

An instruction pipeline has five stages, namely, instruction fetch (IF), instruction decode and register fetch (ID/RF), instruction execution (EX), memory access (MEM), and register writeback (WB) with stage latencies 1 ns, 2.2 ns, 2 ns, 1 ns, and 0.75 ns, respectively (ns stands for nanoseconds). To gain in terms of frequency, the designers have decided to split theID/RF stage into three stages (ID, RF1, RF2) each of latency 2.2/3 ns. Also, the EX stage is split into two stages (EX1, EX2) each of latency 1 ns. The new design has a total of eight pipeline stages. A program has 20% branch instructions which execute in the EX stage and produce the next instruction pointer at the end of the EX stage in the old design and at the end of the EX2 stage in the new design. The IF stage stalls after fetching a branch instruction until the next instruction pointer is computed. All instructions other than the branch instruction have an average CPI of one in both the designs. The execution times of this program on the old and the new design are P and Q nanoseconds, respectively. The value of P/Q is __________. Correct answer is '1.54'. Can you explain this answer?

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The load instruction is mostly used to designate a transfer from memory to a processor register known as_______a)Accumulatorb)Instruction Registerc)Program counterd)Memory address RegisterCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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