White Blood Cells (WBC)

White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a type of cell present in the blood that plays a crucial role in the immune system's defense against diseases. Their main function is to fight against harmful bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials that enter the body. Let's understand in detail how white blood cells work and why they are responsible for this defense mechanism.

Types of White Blood Cells:
There are several types of white blood cells, each with its own unique functions. The major types include:
1. Neutrophils: They are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are responsible for phagocytosis, which involves engulfing and destroying bacteria and other foreign particles.
2. Lymphocytes: They are involved in the specific immune response and produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens. There are different types of lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells.
3. Monocytes: They are responsible for phagocytosis and are often referred to as macrophages when they leave the bloodstream and enter tissues.
4. Eosinophils: They play a role in combating parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
5. Basophils: They release chemicals such as histamine during allergic reactions.

Functions of White Blood Cells:
White blood cells work together to fight against diseases and protect the body from harmful invaders. Their functions include:
1. Phagocytosis: Neutrophils and monocytes engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign particles through a process called phagocytosis.
2. Antibody Production: Lymphocytes, particularly B cells, produce antibodies that bind to specific pathogens, neutralizing them and marking them for destruction.
3. Cellular Immune Response: T cells recognize and destroy infected cells directly, providing a defense mechanism against viruses and cancer cells.
4. Inflammatory Response: Basophils release histamine, which triggers inflammation, a localized response that helps recruit other immune cells to the site of infection or injury.
5. Immunological Memory: Lymphocytes retain information about previous infections, allowing for a faster and more efficient response upon subsequent exposure to the same pathogen.

Conclusion:
White blood cells are an integral part of the immune system and are primarily responsible for fighting against diseases by destroying harmful bacteria and other foreign materials. Their various types and functions work together to provide a robust defense mechanism to keep the body healthy and protected.

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