In dielectric heating, the current flows through the dielectric material. Let's understand why the current flows through the dielectric and not through other options.

Dielectric Heating:
Dielectric heating is a process in which an electric field is applied to a dielectric material, causing it to heat up. This heating occurs due to the energy dissipation caused by the movement of electric charges within the dielectric material.

Explanation:
a) Air:
Air is a poor conductor of electricity. It contains a low number of free electrons, which are responsible for the flow of current. Therefore, the current cannot pass through air efficiently, making it an unlikely choice for the current flow in dielectric heating.

b) Dielectric:
A dielectric material is an insulating material that does not conduct electricity easily. However, when an electric field is applied to a dielectric material, the electric charges within the material experience a force and start moving, resulting in the flow of current.

c) Metallic conductor:
Metallic conductors are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of a large number of free electrons. These free electrons are responsible for the flow of current in metallic conductors. However, in dielectric heating, the intention is to heat the dielectric material rather than the metallic conductor. Therefore, the current flow through the metallic conductor is not desired in this process.

d) The ionic discharge between dielectric medium and metallic conductor:
In dielectric heating, the intention is to heat the dielectric material directly. The ionic discharge between the dielectric medium and the metallic conductor occurs due to the movement of free ions present in the dielectric material. This discharge is a result of the electric field applied to the dielectric and plays a role in the heating process. However, the current flow primarily occurs within the dielectric material itself.

Conclusion:
In dielectric heating, the current primarily flows through the dielectric material itself. The dielectric material acts as an insulator under normal conditions but starts conducting electricity when an electric field is applied to it. The movement of electric charges within the dielectric material leads to energy dissipation and results in the heating effect.

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