Unification of italy ?

Question

Answer

##UNIFICATION OF ITALY##
- like Germany Italy too had a long history of political fragmentation. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multinational Husburg Empire.
- during the middle of the 19th Century Italy was divided into seven states of which only one was ruled by Italian princely house.
- the unification process was led by 3 revolutionaries Giuseppe Mazzini, count camilo de cavor and Giuseppe Garibaldi.
-Giuseppe Mazzini during the 1830s sought to put together program for a unitary Italian republic and organised young Italy.
- counter de Cavor led the movement unified the regions of Italy.
- in 1861 the process of unification of Italy completed and Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of the United Italy

Answer

。 1832 count cavour become prime minister of sardinia
。 Venita and Rome were captured
。Apart from regular Troops a large number of armed volunteers under the leadership of Garibaldi joined the fray and Marched into South Italy
。In 1861 Emmanvalit proclaimed. the king of united Italy

Answer

1 ) The process of unification of ITALY was the work of 3 main leaders, Giuseppe Garibaldi, Count Cavour, and Victory Emmanuel II .
2) Italy was divided into 7 states in which only Sardinia-Piedmont was the only region ruled by a Italian Princely house.
3) The northern Region was ruled by Austrian-Habsburg dynasty, The central was ruled by Popes by France and the Southern region by the Bourbon kings of Spain.
4) The unification of Italy started with the secret societies formed by Mazzini like the Young Italy and the Young Europe.
5) Count Cavour with his tack full diplomacy with France defeated the Austrians and freed the northern Italy.
6) Garibaldi with his armed volunteers called red shirts defeated the Bourbon kings of Spain freeing the kingdom of 2 sicilies.
7) Victory Emmanuel the 2nd defeated the popes of France and freeing the southern region and completing the unification of Italy and he was proclaimed the emperor of united Italy.

Answer

*revolts of 1731 and 1848 by Giuseppe mazzini - failure.
1859 Emmanuel 2 and Cavour defeat Austria with help from France.
1860 Garibaldi went to kingdom of two sicilies.
1861 Spanish defeat - unification of Italy

Answer

*Italians were scattered over several dynastic states and the multinational Habsburg empire. it was divided into seven states - north under Austrian habsburgs ,
centre under the Pope and southern regions were dominated by bourbon kings of Spain.

*only one region,Sardinia - Piedmont ,was ruled by Italian princely house.

*during 1830s Giuseppe Mazzini sought to put together a coherent programme for unitary Italian republic. he also formed secret society like young Italy to spread his ideas. but the revolutionary uprisings of 1831 and 1848 did not have much effects.

* The mantle now fell on Sardinia Piedmont and it's ruler king Victor Emmanuel II to unify Italy through war.

*for ruling elites unified Italy offered the possibility of economic development and political dominance.

*chief minister count Cavour led the movement to unify Italy. he was'nt a revolutionary or a democrat. he spoke French better than Italian.in 1859, Sardinia Piedmont succeeded in defeating Austrian troops through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour .

*a large number of armed volunteers also joined the movement under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi. in 1860, they marched into south Italy and the kingdom of two sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of local peasants to drive out the Spanish rulers.

*in 1861,Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed the king of United Italy. thus, Italy was unified .(much of the Italian population,especially peasants, were unaware of liberal nationalist ideology due to high rates of illiteracy)

Answer

Unification of Italy

Italy, as a unified nation, was a result of a long and arduous process known as the Unification of Italy. This process, also referred to as the Risorgimento, took place during the mid-19th century and eventually led to the creation of a single Italian state out of various independent states, kingdoms, and territories.

The Background

Before the unification, Italy consisted of several fragmented regions, each with its own ruling power and identity. These regions included the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Naples, and the Kingdom of Sicily, among others. The lack of a unified political entity hindered Italy's progress and left it vulnerable to foreign powers.

Key Figures

Several key figures played significant roles in the unification process:

1. Giuseppe Mazzini: An Italian nationalist and political activist who founded the secret society 'Young Italy,' aimed at promoting Italian unity and independence.
2. Count Camillo di Cavour: The Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, known for his diplomatic skills and strategic alliances that paved the way for unification.
3. Giuseppe Garibaldi: A military leader and nationalist who led the Redshirts, a volunteer army, in various military campaigns to liberate and unify different regions of Italy.

The Process

The unification of Italy was a complex process that involved diplomatic negotiations, military campaigns, and popular uprisings. The key steps in this process can be summarized as follows:

1. Diplomatic Efforts: Count Cavour, as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, embarked on a diplomatic mission to gain the support of other European powers, particularly France and Britain, in the cause of Italian unification. He aimed to weaken the influence of Austria, the major obstacle to Italian unity.

2. Wars of Independence: Military campaigns led by Giuseppe Garibaldi played a crucial role in liberating different regions of Italy. The Kingdom of Sardinia, with the support of France, engaged in conflicts with Austria and successfully gained control over Lombardy and Venetia.

3. Annexations and Alliances: Through diplomatic negotiations and alliances, the Kingdom of Sardinia expanded its influence and territory. The southern regions, including the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily, were ultimately annexed and incorporated into the unified Italian state.

4. Rome as the Capital: The final step of unification came with the capture of Rome in 1870. The Papal States, under the control of the Catholic Church, were incorporated into Italy, and Rome became the capital of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.

The Significance

The unification of Italy was a significant turning point in Italian history. It brought together diverse regions, languages, and cultures under a single political entity. The new unified nation experienced economic growth, political stability, and cultural renaissance. It also fostered a sense of Italian nationalism and paved the way for Italy's emergence as a major European power in the subsequent decades.

Overall, the unification of Italy was a complex and multifaceted process that involved diplomatic negotiations, military campaigns, and the efforts of key individuals. It transformed Italy from a fragmented collection of states into a unified nation, laying the foundation for its future development and prominence in Europe.

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