Coriolis effect and Coriolis acceleration:

The Coriolis effect is a phenomenon that occurs due to the rotation of the Earth. It causes moving objects to be deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The Coriolis effect is responsible for the rotation of weather systems, such as cyclones and anticyclones.

Coriolis acceleration is the acceleration experienced by an object moving in a rotating reference frame, such as the Earth. It is perpendicular to the velocity vector of the object and is given by the equation:

a_c = -2v_0ωsin(φ)

where a_c is the Coriolis acceleration, v_0 is the velocity of the object, ω is the angular velocity of the Earth, and φ is the latitude.

Calculating the Coriolis acceleration:

Given:
Velocity of the bullet (v_0) = 500 m/s
Latitude (φ) = 300N

To calculate the Coriolis acceleration, we need to know the angular velocity of the Earth (ω). The angular velocity of the Earth can be calculated as the ratio of the Earth's rotational period to the circumference of the Earth:

ω = 2π/T

where T is the rotational period of the Earth.

The rotational period of the Earth is approximately 24 hours, which is equivalent to 86,400 seconds. The circumference of the Earth at the equator is approximately 40,075 km, which is equivalent to 40,075,000 meters.

Plugging in these values, we can calculate the angular velocity of the Earth:

ω = 2π/86,400 ≈ 7.27 × 10^(-5) rad/s

Now, we can calculate the Coriolis acceleration using the equation mentioned earlier:

a_c = -2v_0ωsin(φ)

a_c = -2(500)(7.27 × 10^(-5))sin(30°)

a_c ≈ -0.036 m/s^2

Since the Coriolis acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity vector, its direction is horizontal. Therefore, the horizontal component of the Coriolis acceleration is 0.036 m/s^2.

Hence, the correct answer is option 'B': 0.036 m/s^2.