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1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methyl propane in a SN2 reaction because
  • a)
    α-carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutane
  • b)
    α-carbon is less electropositive in 1-chlorobutane
  • c)
    electron donating inductive effect of three methyl group is greater in 2-chloro 2-methyl propane
  • d)
    α-carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutan
Correct answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?
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1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2...

As indicated in the given reaction, α-carbon is less hindered in 1- chloropropane. Also + I effect of three methyl groups in 2- chloro-2-methyl propane decreases electropositive character of α-carbon, decreases reactivity further in SN2 reaction.
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1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2...
Explanation:

1. Carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutane: In a SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom that is attached to the leaving group. In 1-chlorobutane, the carbon atom is attached to only one other carbon atom, which means it is less crowded and more accessible to the nucleophile. Conversely, in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, the carbon atom is attached to three methyl groups, making it more crowded and less accessible to the nucleophile. Therefore, 1-chlorobutane is more reactive in a SN2 reaction due to its less crowded carbon atom.

2. Electron donating inductive effect of three methyl groups is greater in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane: The inductive effect refers to the electron-donating or electron-withdrawing nature of substituents attached to a carbon atom. In 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, there are three methyl groups attached to the carbon atom, which have a strong electron-donating inductive effect. This means that they push electron density towards the carbon atom, making it less electrophilic and less reactive in a SN2 reaction. On the other hand, in 1-chlorobutane, there are no substituents attached to the carbon atom, so it does not experience any significant inductive effect. Therefore, the electron donating inductive effect of the three methyl groups in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane decreases its reactivity in a SN2 reaction.

3. Carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutane: In a SN2 reaction, the nucleophile attacks the carbon atom that is attached to the leaving group. The electropositivity of a carbon atom determines its ability to attract electrons and stabilize the negative charge that forms during the reaction. In 1-chlorobutane, the carbon atom is less substituted and therefore more electropositive compared to the carbon atom in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane. The three methyl groups in 2-chloro-2-methylpropane have a greater electron-donating inductive effect, which decreases the electropositivity of the carbon atom. Therefore, the more electropositive nature of the carbon atom in 1-chlorobutane increases its reactivity in a SN2 reaction.

In conclusion, 1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2 reaction because it has a less crowded carbon atom, no significant electron-donating inductive effect, and a more electropositive carbon atom. These factors contribute to the accessibility and electrophilicity of the carbon atom, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack in a SN2 reaction.
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Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:Nucleophilic substitution reaction of haloalkane can be conducted according to both SN1 and SN2 mechanisms. However, which mechanism it is based on is related to such factors as the structure of haloalkane, and properties of leaving group, nucleophilic reagent and solvent. Influences of halogen: No matter which mechanism the nucleophilic substitution reaction is based on, the leaving group always leave the central carbon atom with electron pair. This is just the opposite of the situation that nucleophilic reagent attacks the central carbon atom with electron pair. Therefore, the weaker the alkalinity of leaving group is , the more stable the anion formed is and it will be more easier for the leaving group to leave the central carbon atom; that is to say, the reactant is more easier to be substituted. The alkalinity order of halogen ion is I− < Br− < Cl− < F− and the order of their leaving tendency should be I− > Br− > Cl− > F−. Therefore, in four halides with the same alkyl and different halogens, the order of substitution reaction rate is RI > RBr > RCl > RF. In addition, if the leaving group is very easy to leave, many carbocation intermediates are generated in the reaction and the reaction is based on SN1 mechanism. If the leaving group is not easy to leave, the reaction is based on SN2 mechanism. Influences of solvent polarity: In SN1 reaction, the polarity of the system increases from the reactant to the transition state, because polar solvent has a greater stabilizing effect on the transition state than the reactant, thereby reduce activation energy and accelerate the reaction. In SN2 reaction, the polarity of the system generally does not change from the reactant to the transition state and only charge dispersion occurs. At this time, polar solvent has a great stabilizing effect on Nu than the transition state, thereby increasing activation energy and slow down the reaction rate. For example, the decomposition rate (SN1) of tertiary chlorobutane in 25° water (dielectric constant 79) is 300000 times faster than in ethanol (dielectric constant 24). The reaction rate (SN2) of 2-bromopropane and NaOH in ethanol containing 40% water is twice slower than in absolute ethanol. In a word, the level of solvent polarity has influence on both SN1 and SN2 reactions, but with different results. Generally speaking, weak polar solvent is favorable for SN2 reaction, while strong polar solvent is favorable for SN1 reaction, because only under the action of polar solvent can halogenated hydrocarbon dissociate into carbocation and halogen ion and solvents with a strong polarity is favorable for solvation of carbocation, increasing its stability. Generally speaking, the substitution reaction of tertiary haloalkane is based on SN1 mechanism in solvents with a strong polarity (for example, ethanol containing water).Q. Polar solvents make the reaction faster as they

1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2 reaction becausea)α-carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutaneb)α-carbon is less electropositive in 1-chlorobutanec)electron donating inductive effect of three methyl group is greater in 2-chloro 2-methyl propaned)α-carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutanCorrect answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?
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1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2 reaction becausea)α-carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutaneb)α-carbon is less electropositive in 1-chlorobutanec)electron donating inductive effect of three methyl group is greater in 2-chloro 2-methyl propaned)α-carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutanCorrect answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 12 2024 is part of Class 12 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 12 exam syllabus. Information about 1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2 reaction becausea)α-carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutaneb)α-carbon is less electropositive in 1-chlorobutanec)electron donating inductive effect of three methyl group is greater in 2-chloro 2-methyl propaned)α-carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutanCorrect answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 12 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for 1-chlorobutane is more reactive than 2-chloro-2-methylpropane in a SN2 reaction becausea)α-carbon is less crowded in 1-chlorobutaneb)α-carbon is less electropositive in 1-chlorobutanec)electron donating inductive effect of three methyl group is greater in 2-chloro 2-methyl propaned)α-carbon is more electropositive in 1-chlorobutanCorrect answer is option 'A,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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