The electric arc is a type of discharge that occurs when a high voltage is applied across a gap between two electrodes. The arc is characterized by a high temperature, intense light, and the flow of electric current through a highly ionized medium. It is commonly used in welding, cutting, and lighting applications.

Negative Resistance Characteristic:

The electric arc has a negative resistance characteristic. This means that, unlike most electrical components, the resistance of the arc decreases as the current through it increases. This is due to the fact that as the current flows through the arc, it heats the ionized gas, causing it to become more conductive. This, in turn, reduces the resistance of the arc, allowing more current to flow.

Linear Resistance Characteristic:

In contrast to the electric arc, most electrical components have a linear resistance characteristic. This means that the resistance of the component remains constant regardless of the current flowing through it. This is because the resistance of the component is determined by its physical properties, such as its material and dimensions, and does not change significantly with the flow of current.

Highly Inductive Characteristic:

The electric arc also has a highly inductive characteristic. This means that the arc behaves like an inductor, which opposes changes in the current flowing through it. This is due to the fact that the ionized gas in the arc has a magnetic field associated with it, which can store energy and release it back into the circuit. This can cause voltage spikes and other disturbances in the circuit, which must be taken into account when designing and using electrical systems that involve electric arcs.

Conclusion:

In summary, the electric arc has a negative resistance characteristic, which makes it unique among electrical components. It also has a highly inductive characteristic, which can cause voltage spikes and other disturbances in electrical circuits. Understanding these characteristics is important for designing and using electrical systems that involve electric arcs.