Indian National Congress (Requisitionists) was created in 1969; it was created and led by Indira Gandhi. Initially this party was known as Congress (R), but it soon came to be generally known as the "New Congress".
The letter 'R' stands for 'Requisition'. The original congress party then became the Indian National Congress (Organisation), or Congress (O), and was led by Kamaraj. It was informally called the "Old Congress" and retained the party symbol of a pair of bullocks carrying a yoke. Mrs. Gandhi's breakaway faction were given a new symbol of a cow with suckling calf by the Election Commission as the party election symbol.

Old Congress vs New Congress

The United States Congress has undergone significant changes throughout its history, with the old Congress and new Congress being two distinct periods of legislative activity.

Old Congress

The old Congress refers to the period from the founding of the United States in 1789 until the mid-20th century. During this time, Congress operated differently than it does today, with the following characteristics:

• Partisan polarization was less prevalent, with members of Congress more willing to work together across party lines.

• Committee assignments were less structured, with members serving on multiple committees and subcommittees.

• Congress had more power compared to the executive branch, with the president having less influence over legislation.

• The filibuster was rarely used, with most bills passing with simple majorities.

New Congress

The new Congress refers to the period from the mid-20th century until the present day. During this time, Congress has undergone significant changes, with the following characteristics:

• Partisan polarization has increased, with members of Congress becoming more ideologically divided and less willing to work across party lines.

• Committee assignments are more structured, with members specializing in specific policy areas and serving on fewer committees.

• Congress has ceded some power to the executive branch, with the president having more influence over legislation.

• The filibuster has become more common, with bills requiring a 60-vote supermajority to pass in the Senate.

Conclusion

In summary, the old Congress and new Congress represent two distinct periods in the history of the United States legislative branch. While both periods have seen significant legislative activity, the way in which Congress operates has changed significantly over time, with the current Congress being characterized by increased partisan polarization, more structured committee assignments, and a greater use of the filibuster.